ObjectiveTo explore the morbidity rate and risk factors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe clinical data of patients, with PDR in 2739 consecutive cases of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in this hospital from 1994 to 2001 were analyed retospectively. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was confirmed by ophthalmoscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Blood pressure, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin（HbA1c）, total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and albumin excretion rate were measured.ResultsThe morbidity rate of type 2 DR was 27.8%（761/2739）, and the morbidity rate of PDR was 4.2%（114/2 739） occupying 15% of the patients with DR. The duration, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood pressure and albumin excretion rate were much higher than those in the control（P＜0.01, glycosylated haemoglobin P＜0.05）. The independent risk factors of PDR were duration of the disease （r=0.15, P＜0.01） and albumin excretion rate （r=0.08, P＜0.05）. The risk factors of PDR were albumin excretion rate and fasting blood sugar (r=0.13, P＜0.05) in patients with longer duration(≥5 years). The morbidity rate of PDR was 2.3%, 5.9% and 12.4% in patients with duration less than 5 years, 5 to 10 years and over 10 years groups, respectively. The morbidity of PDR of the patients in normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria and overt albuminuria group was 2.1%、5.3% and 18.8% respectively.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes accompanied with PDR is relative to the duration of the diabetes, albumin excretion rate, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, and glycosylated haemoglobin, in which the duration of the disease, albuminuria and fasting blood sugar are the risk factors of occurance of PDR. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2003,19:338-340)
Purpose Researching the relared risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the epidemiological investigation. Methods Basing on a population random sampling survey and screening in 6 areas and cities of Anhui,216 diabetics were screened and they were then investigated in detail by filling in forms,measuring blood pressure,ocular examination including ophthalmoscopy,and lab examination including fasting blood glucose (FBG),blood glucose 2 hours after meal,urine albumin excretion (UAE),serum triglyceride,and cholesterol. Results The resultant date revealed that the duration of diabetes,blood pressure FBG and UAE were associated significantly with DR (Plt;0.05),and serum triglyceride and cholesterol were associated not significantly with DR(Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Long duration of diabetes,hight FBG and hight blood pressure are the important risk factors of DR,and urine albumin might forebode the occurrence of DR. (中华眼底病杂志,1998,14:119-121)
Objective To review the recent progress of the researches in the field of cartilage tissue engineering, and to discuss the challenges in construction of tissue engineered cartilage. Methods Literature related with cartilage tissue engineering was reviewed and analyzed. Results Some techniques have been appl ied in cl inical. As far as the seeding cells, induced pluripotent stem cells have attracted much more attention. Current strategies of scaffold designing are trying to imitate both component and structure of natural extracellular matrix. Cartilage regeneration through the autologous cell homing technique el iminate the transplantation of exotic cells and has become the hot topic. Conclusion Successful treatment of the damaged cartilage using tissue engineering method will depend on the advances of stem cell technology development, biomimetic scaffolds fabrication and proper appl ication of growth factors.
Objective To explore the role of macrophage-stimulating protein ( MSP) and receptor tyrosine kinase RON in the airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) , and investigate its possible mechanism. Methods The rat COPDmodel was established by exposing the rats to cigarette smoke daily for three months. Rat alveolar macrophages ( AMs) were isolated in vivo and cultured,and then challenged with different concentrations of MSP for 24 hours. The concentrations of MSP in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) and serum, and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. The expression of RONmRNA in lung tissue was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The levels of RON protein in the lung tissue and AMs cultured in vitro were observed by immunohistochemistry. The activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the culture solution were measured with chromatometry method. Results Compared with the control group, the concentrations of MSP in serum and BALF of the COPD rats were significantly higher ( P lt;0. 01) . The levels of RONmRNA and RON protein in the COPD rats were also upregulated significantly ( P lt; 0. 01) . MSP evoked the AMs isolated from the normal and COPD rats to generate more content of MDA and caused a reduction in activity of SOD. In addition, MSP stimulated TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1βand IL-10 release fromAMs of the normal and COPD rats dose-dependently. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1βwere higher, while the level of IL-10 and the SOD activity were lower in AMs of the COPD group than those of the control group in the same dose of MSP ( P lt;0. 01) . The more significant increase in the levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, and the more notable decrease in the activity of SOD was found in the COPD group compared with the control group. But the degree of increasing MDA and IL-10 in the AMs of the COPD group was lower than that in the control group. Linear correlation analysis showed that the MSP concentration and the RON protein level in the COPD rats were positively associated with the total cellcounts and AM counts in BALF, and were related to the indexes for pulmonary emphysema. Conclusions There is a close correlation between the MSP and receptor tyrosine kinase RON with the airway inflammation of COPD. The mechanism might be that MSP promote the macrophages release inflammatory factors and increase the production of oxygen free radicals.
Objective To verify the effect of Evans blue dye on determining the retina blood vessel leakage． Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study． The VEGF induced retinal blood vessel leakage was checked with Evans blue dye． Then the bloodretina barrier breakdown of 1 week diabetic animals was quantified with Evans blue．The dye was extracted from retina by formamide and the extraction was checked with spect rophotometer． Evans blue leakage was normalized against wet or dry retina weight． Results The retinal Evans blue content of eyes treated with VEGF was remarkably higher than that of the controls (n=17 ,Plt;0．0001)． And the eyes of 1 week diabetic duration animals had more Evans blue dye than that of the normal controls (Plt;0．05)． Conclusion Evans blue dye is a sensitive tracer in quantitatively diagnosing the blood retina barrier breakdown． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:221-223)
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in children, about 2/3 can be seizure-free after anti-seizure medications (ASMs) treatment, but there are still some drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) need surgical treatment, epilepsy surgery including excision surgery, dissociation surgery and palliative surgery, surgery can make 30%~40% DRE fully controlled. Clinicians usually choose to discontinue ASMs after seizure-free for 1 to 2 years after epilepsy surgery, but there has been controversy about whether to discontinue ASMs after surgery in children with epilepsy, how long to discontinue ASMs, the timing of ASMs withdrawal, and there is still a lack of unified guidelines. This article will comprehensively analyze and summarize the risk of recurrence after ASMs withdrawal in children with epilepsy.
Objective To broaden the current understanding of the usage willingness about artificial intelligence (AI) robots and relevant influence factors for elderly patients. Methods The elderly patients in the inpatient ward, outpatient department and physical examination of the Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were selected by convenient sampling for investigation between February and April 2020, to explore the willingness of elderly patients to use AI robots and related influencing factors. Results A total of 446 elderly patients were included. There were 244 males and 202 females. The willingness to use AI robots was (14.40±3.62) points. There were statistically significant differences among the elderly patients with different ages, marital status, living conditions, educational level, current health status, current vision status, current hearing status, self-care ability and family support in their willingness to use AI robots (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, education level and family support were the influencing factors of use intention (P<0.05). Among the elderly patients, 60.76% had heard of AI robots, but only 28.03% knew the medical application of AI robots, and only 13.90% had used AI robot services. Most elderly patients (>60%) thought that some adverse factors may reduce their usage willingness, like “the price is too expensive” and “the use is complex, or I don’t know how to use”. Conclusions Elderly patients’ cognition of AI robots is still at a low level, and their willingness to use AI robots is mainly affected by age, education level and family support. It is suggested to consider the personalized needs of the elderly in terms of different ages, education levels and family support, and promote the cheap and user-friendly AI robots, so as to improve the use of AI robots by elderly patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical feature, prognosis and prognostic factors of early post-traumatic seizures in children. MethodsRetrospective review was performed on 101 individuals with early post-traumatic seizures (EPTS) who were diagnosed in Department of Neurosurgery in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2008 to June 2013. The record was collected, which included patient's demographics, clinical and radiological presentation, management, and follow-up results of 12 months. The individuals were divided into late post-traumatic seizures (LPTS) group and control group according to the occurrence of LPTS or not. The SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. ResultsDuring 101 cases in our study, male accounted for 60.4%, female accounted for 39.6%, and the ratio was 1.5 to 1. The percentage of patients who were under 6 years old was 74.3%, and the number of cases decreased with age. The peak time of EPTS was within 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. 55.4% of EPTS was the generalized seizures, 34.7% was the partial seizures, and 9.9% was the partial seizures and evolved to secondarily generalized seizures. The incidence of LPTS observed in our study was 26.7% within 12 months follow-up. The electroencephalogram displayed epileptiform discharges in 3 individuals who were without epileptic seizures. There was statistically significant difference in group LPTS compared to control group on these factors which included GSC score≤8(P=0.0064), complicated necrencephalus and/or encephalatrophy(P < 0.0001), multiple brain injuries(P=0.0210), subdural hemorrhage(P=0.0151) and intracranial operation(P=0.0029). The age, history, epileptic seizure type of EPTS, brain contusion, skull fracture and the early use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) had no statistically significant difference between LPTS group and control group(P > 0.05). ConclusionsEPTS is prone to occur in children under 6 years old. Male is obviously more than female, and the ratio is 1.5:1. The peak time of EPTS is within 24 hours after traumatic brain injury and most of EPTS are generalized seizures. The incidence of LPTS in children with EPTS exceeds those previously reported. Periodical electroencephalogram examination is essential to decrease the missed diagnosis of LPTS. The GSC score≤8 and complicated necrencephalus and/or encephalatrophy will dramaticlly increase the risk of LPTS. Multiple brain injuries, subdural hemorrhage and intracranial operation are also risk factors for the prognosis of EPTS. Although the use of AEDs is unable to decrease the incidence of LPTS after 12 months follow-up, it is probably beneficial to improving the cognition and brain development. The controversial finding in our study is whether intracranial operation can influence the prognosis of EPTS or not.
Objective To analyze the risk factors of hypertension combined with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods From May 2015 to October 2016, 92 hypertension patients with cerebral hemorrhage (group A) were enrolled; simultaneously, 110 hypertension patients without cerebral hemorrhage (group B) were included. We analyzed retrospectively the clinical data of two groups and the risk factors of hypertension complicated with cerebral hemorrhage. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that the ratios of patients in group A with the following indexes, >65 years old, body mass index >30 kg/m2, >7-year smoking history, triglyceride level >1.7 mmol/L, cholesterol level >5.72 mmol/L, high density lipoprotein level >0.9 mmol/L, and bad medication compiance, were much more higher than those in group B (P<0.05). The rusults of multivariate analysis showed that smoking history, diabetes mellitus history, hypertension history, triglycerides level, cholesterol level, bad medication compliance were the risk factors of hypertension combined with cerebral hemorrhage (P<0.05). Conclusions The risk factors of hypertension combined with cerebral hemorrhage include smoking history, diabetes mellitus history, hypertension history, triglyceride level, cholesterol level, and medication compliance. We shoud pay more attention to these factors in clinical practice.