Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In recent years, with the development and change of society and economy, the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer related to geographic economy and health resources have caused its incidence to show a trend of regional differentiation. At present, the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of colorectal cancer in China are still facing great challenges, therefore, summarizing the risk factors related to the incidence of colorectal cancer in China from the global epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer can further guide the prevention, control and clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in China, and is of great significance to improve the heavy burden of colorectal cancer. Therefore, this paper discusses the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer in recent years and the screening policies in different regions based on the report of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and related studies, so as to provide the relevant basis for the prevention and control of colorectal cancer in the new situation in the future.