Abstract The narrow pedicled intercostal cutaneous perforater (np-ICP) thin flaps were successfully used for reconstruction of hand deformity from scar contraction. This flap was designed with a narrow pedicle (3～5cm in width) which included ICPs of 4th～9th intercostal spaces, and with awide distal part (the maximum is 15cm×15cm) which covered the lower chest and upper abdomen. The thickness of flap was cut until the subdermal vascular networkwas observed. The pedicle was divided between the 7th～14th days after operation. Sixteen flaps in 15 cases were transferred for covering of the skin defects at the dorsum of the hand. The perforators which were included in the narrow pediclewere mostly from the 7th intercostal spaces in 9 flaps. Fifteen of the 16 flapswere survived almost completely, except in one case there was necrosis of the distal portion of the flap. It seemed that this flap was more useful than the conventional methods, not only functionally but also aesthetically. Moreover, the operative techinque was more simple and safer than the island or free intercostalflap due to without the necessity to dissect the main trunk of the intercostalneurovascular bundle. Gentle pressure on the thinning portion of the flap for a short time after operation was important.
Abstract In order to supply allografts for reconstruction of finger, repair of tendon or tendon sheath, the hands from fresh cadavers of healthy young persons who died from accident were amputated at the wristlevel. After disinfected, packed and labelled, the hands were stored into a deep freezer at -30℃ as bank storage. Before grafting, the skin and subcutaneoustissue were stripped from the frozen finger. Then it was immersed in an antibiotic fluid for 1 hour. The results showed that the immunological antigenicity of allograft was decreased by the freezing method. Bony union between the impacted host bone and the allogeneic phalangeal bone was seen on X-ray films. Bone absorption and joint degeneration were found at the area where no impaction between bones. The healing between tendons from host and that from the allografts was b. It was concluded that establishing a cadaveric hand bank in hospital was as important as establishing a bone bank for the supply of bone, joint, tendon, tendon sheath and finger composite tissue, for allogeneic grafts.
In 1984, according to the criteria of the classifieation for congenital hand deformity which wasput out by the International Hand Surgery Committee, we had made an investigation for congenitalhand deformity among 318066 newborns in Shanghai. It was found that the inctdence of a congenitalhand malformation was 0. 0808 percent among the total newborns. The congenital malformation ofthe thumb was 37. 74 percent of all deformities of the hand. According to the statistical analysis, we ...
Objective To introduce a method to repair soft tissue defect in different regions and different areas of hand in one procedure. Methods From May 2002 to May 2005, anterolateral femoral flap or lobulated anterolateral femoralflap(forming irregular anterolateral femoral flap) was designed into different shapes to repair multiple soft tissue defect in different regions in hand, whichwas used clinically in 27 cases. Among 27 cases, there were 16 males and 11 females; the locations were left hand in 9 , right hand in 16 and left foot in 2; including 5 penetrating injury, 9 hotpressing injury, 2 soft tissue defection of instep and planta by milled injury, 6 gearing injury and 5 carding machine injury. All the cases complicated by exposure of tendons, bones or joints. Defect was repaired with H-shape flaps in 5 cases of penetrating palm injuries; with Y-shape or K-shape flaps in 11 cases of dorsals or combined with fingers of hand with skin defect; with shape flaps in 3 cases of dorsals combined with sides of palms or the first web of hands with skin defect and in 2 cases of skin defects of dorsals combinedwith palms of feet;with h-shape flaps in 6 cases of skin defects of dorsal or palms combined with disconnected skin defect of fingers. The sizes of main flaps ranged from 6.5 cm×4.8 cm to 17.0 cm×12.0 cm, the sizes of lobulate flaps ranged from 3.5 cm×2.8 cm to 7.5 cm×4.5 cm. Results Allflaps survived without vascular crisis after operation. Except the fascia flapall recipient sites healed by first intention. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 1 year, all cases had satisfactory appearance, the texture of flaps was soft. Except 2 cases of penetrating injury, 3 cases of hotpressing injuryand1 case of carding machine injury whose function was not satisfactory, theremaining cases achieved the function of snap and pinch. More than 1 year after operation, the sense of pain and touch recovered. There was no functional impairment at the donor sites although scar hyperplasia was formed in some cases.Conclusion The application of irregular anterolateral femoralflap is an optimal choice for complex skin defect of hand.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of the microsurgical treatment for the skin-degloving injury of the whole hand or foot. METHODS: From March 1984 to October 2001, we treated 6 cases of skin-degloving injury of the whole hand and foot. In 2 cases of skin-degloving hands, one was treated with free great omentum transplantation plus skin graft, the other with pedical abdominal S-shaped skin flap as well as mid-thick skin graft. In 4 cases of skin-degloving injury of the foot, 2 cases was repaired with free latissimus dosi musculocutaneous flap, 1 case with distall-based lateral skin flap of the leg and 1 case with free tensor fasciae latae muscle flap. The flap size ranged from 7 cm x 9 cm to 22 cm x 15 cm. One case was operated on the emergency stage, the other 5 cases on the delayed stage. The delayed time ranged from 2 to 14 days with an average of 6.6 days. RESULTS: All the flaps survived. After 1-2 year follow-up, the appearance and function of the hand and the foot were good. CONCLUSION: Microsurgery technique in repairing skin-degloving injury of the whole hand and foot can achieve good results. The keys to success are thorough debridement of the recipient area, appropriate selection of the donor site, good vascular anastomosis and active postoperative rehabilitation.
OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomical bases for dorso-ulnar aspect of mid-hand reverse flap. METHODS: After red latex was infused into the arteries of 40 sides of adult cadava upper limbs, the origin, course, branches, distribution and distal anastomosis on the dorsal carpal branch of ulnar arteries were observed. And the mid-hand flap transfer was used to repair two cases of soft tissue defect (ranged 4.5-5.0 cm x 2.0-3.5 cm on ring and little fingers). RESULTS: The dorsal carpal branch begins with ulnar artery (3.9 +/- 1.2) cm above the pisiform with diameter of (1.3 +/- 0.2) mm, and branches off into ascending and descending branches. The descending one is the continuing of dorsal branch, it crosses the ulnar edge of the fifth metecarpal bone and anastomizes with the digital artery of little finger or hypothenar branch of deep palmar (accounted for 70%). While the other ascending branch with the former two branches formed anastomosis accounts for 30%. The two cases got healed in one-stage. The function of fingers recovered after 3-4 month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The reverse flap of dorso-ulnar aspect of mid-hand is available to repair the soft tissue defect on dorsum of hand with neighbor finger.
In order to resolve the shortcomings of traditional pedicled abdominal skin flap, the pedicled abdominal subcorium vascular-net flap was reformed and applied clinically. Twenty-eight cases with scar on hand or wrist were treated, including 20 males and 8 females. The age was ranged from 18 to 35 years old. The key point in the design was rotating 45 degrees of the flap from the primary site toward the pedicle. The ratio of the length to width of the flap was 1-1.8 : 1, and the wound of the donor site was covered by direct suture. Five to seven days later, all the flaps were divided and survived. The advantages of this flap were as follows: skin-grafting on the donor site was not necessary; the time needed for cutting the pedicle was shortened, and the flap is thinner than the traditional flap.
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenic mechanism of intrinsic muscle contracture after replantation of severed palm or wrist, and put forward the prevention and treatment methods. METHODS From 1985 to 1997, 48 cases were received replantation of severed palm or wrist, among them, 9 cases with thumb adductor contracture and 6 cases with intrinsic muscle contracture were occurred in different degree. Two cases with mild thumb adductor contracture were received conservative treatment, and 7 cases with moderate thumb adductor contracture and 6 cases with intrinsic muscle contracture were received operative treatment. The pathogenic mechanism, clinical results, and prevention methods were studied in those 15 cases. RESULTS The postoperative function recovery was better in 4 cases, moderate in 5 cases with thumb adductor contracture, and better in 3 cases, moderate in 1 case with intrinsic muscle contracture, and moderate in 1 case, poor in 1 case with intrinsic muscle contracture of cord-like induration. Followed up 1 to 10 years, no recurrence was observed in all of 15 cases. The incidence and degree of thumb adductor contracture and intrinsic muscle contracture were closely related to the ischemia time of replanting graft. CONCLUSION Prevention of thumb adductor contracture and intrinsic muscle contracture is most important in severed palm or wrist replantation. When the ischemia time of replanting graft is longer than 12 hours, the effective decompression in myofascial compartment is performed in time to reach satisfactory result.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the surgeon’s handedness on the distribution of prosthesis during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 86 patients (100 knees) with primary TKA completed by the same right-handed surgeon between December 2016 and December 2018, including 72 cases of single knee and 14 of bilateral knees. The patients were divided into dominant group (right side) and non-dominant group (left side) according to the operating position of the surgeon and each group had 50 knees. There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, disease duration, clinical diagnosis, preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and other general data between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time and complications were recorded in both groups. The function of knee was evaluated by HSS score. Hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) were measured by using X-ray film of full-length lower extremity before TKA and at 2 weeks after TKA that were used to evaluate the coronal position of the prosthesis. Posterior distal femoral angle (PDFA) and posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA) were measured by using lateral X-ray films at 3 months after operation that were used to evaluate the sagittal position of the prosthesis.ResultsThere was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups (t=−1.128, P=0.262). One case of posterior tibial artery thrombosis occurred in the dominant group, and 1 case of poor healing of the incision occurred in each of the dominant group and the non-dominant group. Patients in both groups were followed up 12-34 months with an average of 22.0 months. The HSS scores at last follow-up were 87.2±4.3 in the dominant group and 86.8±5.0 in the non-dominant group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.471, P=0.639). No complications such as periprosthetic infection, prosthetic loosening, or periprosthetic fracture occurred during follow-up. There was no significant difference in the HKA, mLDFA, and mMPTA between the two groups before and after operation (P>0.05). The differences in the incidence of sagittal femoral prosthesis malposition and PDFA between the two groups were significant (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the PPTA, the rate of femoral prosthesis distributed in the neutral position, the incidence of over-flexed femoral prosthesis, and the incidence of anterior femoral notch (P>0.05).ConclusionThe surgeon’s handedness is one of the factors affecting the placement of the sagittal femoral prosthesis in primary TKA. The incidence of sagittal femoral prosthesis malposition could increase when the surgeon performs on the non-dominant side.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical application of the forearm interosseous dorsal artery perforator sublobe flaps in repairing two wounds in dorsal hand or wrist. MethodsBetween October 2009 and October 2012, 12 patients with two wounds in the dorsal hand or wrist were included in the study. There were 4 cases of skin defects (grade IV) and bone exposure caused by machine injury, 3 cases of skin defects with bone and tendon exposure caused by traffic accident, and 3 cases of skin defect and tendon exposure caused by crash injury of heavy object, with a duration of 3-12 hours (mean, 6 hours) between injury and admission; defects in the wrist and tendon exposure were caused by tumor resection in 2 cases. Four cases had metacarpal fractures. The size of larger skin and soft tissue defects ranged from 4.0 cm×3.5 cm to 5.0 cm×3.0 cm, and the size of smaller defects was from 2.5 cm×2.0 cm to 4.0 cm×3.0 cm. The flap size was from 6 cm×4 cm to 8 cm×3 cm and 3.0 cm×2.5 cm to 5.0 cm×3.0 cm. The donor sites were directly sutured or repaired with free skin graft. ResultsAll the flaps survived, and wound healed in first stage. All the cases were followed up 6-36 months (mean, 20 months). The flaps had good color and texture. Three cases underwent secondary surgery of thinning the flaps. At last follow-up, two-point discrimination of flaps was 10-14 mm, 12 mm on average. According to function standard for evaluation of upper extremity with total active motion of the fingers from the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, the results were excellent in 10 cases, and good in 2 cases. ConclusionForearm interosseous dorsal artery perforators sublobe flaps can be used to repair two wounds in the dorsal hand or wrist simultaneously, and it has the advantages of simple operation, less injury at donor site, and reliable blood supply.