【Abstract】 Objective To review the research progress of possible mechanism of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase(IDO) in immunological regulation and function of transplantation immunity. Methods The advances in the IDO location, immunological regulatory mechanism and function of transplantation immunity were introduced based on the recent related l iterature. Results IDO played an immunoregulatory role by locally depleting tryptophan in tissue microenvironment which resulted in immunosuppression of allogeneic T-cell prol iferation. IDO cDNA was del ivered to chromosome in interesting cells by gene transfection and stimulated to express, which was associated with a prolongation in allograft survival in vivo . Conc lu sion IDO offers a new way in transplantation immunity, and this provid novel method for elevating allograft survival rate.
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells with immunomodulatory effects. The study of Bregs began with a variety of animal models of immune diseases. Studies in patients with autoimmune diseases have further clarified that Bregs are a group of immune cells that secrete inhibitory cytokines such as interleukin-10. Abnormal functions and numbers of Bregs have been found in a variety of autoimmune diseases. The study of the negative immune regulatory network involving Bregs is expected to provide new therapeutic ideas for diseases such as immune diseases, cancer, infection and inflammation. Starting from the discovery and immune regulation mechanism of Bregs, this paper focuses on its regulatory mechanism and clinical research value in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases, tumors, infectious diseases and inflammation.
Objective To study the regulative effect of angelica sinensis on cellular immune function in perioperative patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods Fourteen patients with obstructive jaundice were injected with angelica before and after operation for 14 days. The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in lymphocytes in peripheral blood were measured, respectively. Results The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R decreased significantly in patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in peripheral blood lymphocyte increased significantly before and after operations (after treatment using angelica) (P＜0.01), though there was a little decrease after operation but they were still higher than that befor using angelica.Conclusion It maybe useful to use angelica to improve the cellular immune function in patients with obstructive jaundice.
The application of gene therapy in ocular diseases is gradually expanding from mono-gene inherited diseases to multigene, multifactorial, common and chronic diseases. This emerging therapeutic approach is still in the early exploratory stage of treating diseases, and the expected benefits and risks remain highly uncertain. In the delivery process of gene therapy drugs, viral vector is currently one of the most mature and widely used vectors. The occurrence of vector-associated immunity will affect the short-term and long-term effects of gene therapy, and even cause permanent and serious damage to visual function. Therefore, gene therapy vector-associated immunity is the focus and challenge for the safety and long-term efficacy of gene therapy. During the perioperative and follow-up of gene therapy, attention should be paid to the monitoring of vector-associated immune inflammation, and appropriate measures should be taken to deal with the corresponding immune response, so as to achieve the best visual benefits for patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and prognostic value of cellular immune function in severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsA cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 119 severe patients admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Eastern District) including 60 males (50.4%) and 59 females (49.6%), with an average age of 60.9±14.2 years. The primary endpoint of follow-up was death in the hospital, and the disease outcome classification was the secondary endpoint of follow-up within 30 days after admission. We analyzed the correlation between cellular immune function and COVID-19 prognosis.Results A total of 22 patients died during this process, and 47 patients were severe/critical during the follow-up period. The counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ in the primary endpoint events were significantly different between the survival group and the death group (all P<0.05). The counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ in the secondary endpoint events were significantly different between the normal group and the severe/critical group (all P<0.05). The results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the cellular immune function curve of dead patients and severe/critical patients had good predictive value (all P<0.05).ConclusionCell immune function has good clinical and prognostic value for COVID-19.
ObjectiveTo analyze the association between nutritional and immune-related laboratory indices and pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients and focused on constructing a combination of laboratory indices to serve as a clinical predictor of pCR after NAC in breast cancer. MethodsRetrospectively collected the pre-NAC laboratory indices [albumin (ALB), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A- Ⅰ, apolipoprotein B, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte (MON), and platelet ] and clinicopathologic data of 310 patients with invasive breast cancer who had received NAC in the Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, from September 1, 2020 to October 31, 2022. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between laboratory indices and post-NAC pCR. The combinations of laboratory indices were constructed by simple mathematical operation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of different combinations of laboratory indices in predicting pCR and to determine the optimal combination of liboratory indices. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analysis the relevance between clinicopathologic features and post-NAC pCR in breast cancer patients and to determine the independent predictor of post-NAC pCR. ResultsAmong the 310 patients, 49.4% (153/310) of them achieved pCR after NAC. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ALB (Z=5.203, P<0.001) and HDL-C (Z=2.129, P=0.033) were positively correlated with post-NAC pCR, while MON (Z=–4.883, P<0.001) was negatively correlated with post-NAC pCR. The AUC analysis of 6 different combinations of laboratory indices showed that the ALB/MON combination (the optimal combination of liboratory indices) had the highest predictive performance (median AUC=0.708) and was determined to be the neoadjuvant therapy predictive index (NTPI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that estrogen receptor (Z=–3.273, P=0.001), human epidermal growth factor 2 (Z=7.041, P<0.001), Ki-67 (Z=2.457, P=0.014), and NTPI (Z=4.661, P<0.001) were the independent predictors for post-NAC pCR. ConclusionNTPI could serve as a predictive index for post-NAC pCR in patients with breast cancer.
OBJECTIVE L-arginine is a semiessential dibasic amino acid for humans and animals. This paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of L-arginine supplementation on partial-thickness burned patients. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the cellular immune function (T cell count, ratio of CD4/CD8, natural killer cell activity and IL-2 level) and protein metabolism (transferrin, prealbium and nitrogen balance) of patients in the experimental group which daily given 15 g arginine and the control group which daily given 25 g glycine. RESULTS The natural killer cell activity and IL-2 production in the experimental group were higher than that of the control group. The suppression of transferrin and prealbium was alleviated and the nitrogen balance was improved in the experimental group. CONCLUSION It suggests that exogenous arginine supplementation is beneficial for recovery of cellular immunity function and protein anabolism in partial-thickness burned patients.
To investigate the cause of septicemia in patients with obstructive jaundice,the correlationship between intra-biliary tract pressure(IBTP),portal veinous flow rate(PVFR)and interleukin-2(IL-2),soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R),T lymphocyte subpopulation in patient with obstructive jaundice(Group A)has been studied.Group A was subdivided into A1,emergency operation group;A2,elective surgery group;A3,patient’s age over 60 years and A4,age under 60.Ninety patients with simple gallstone(Group B)were also tested as a contrast.The result showed that of all Group A,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ before operation were much lower than those 10 days after operation(Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01),while the postoperative sIL-2R was significantly higher than that of 10 days after operation(Plt;0.01),in Group A1,emergency surgery,the preoperative sIL-2R was much more higher than that in others of the jaundice group(Plt;0.01).Corralation analysis showed IBTP was negatively corralated to IL-2,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,but it had positive correlation with sIL-2R(Plt;0.01).PVFR was positively correlated to IL-2(Plt;0.01).These indicate that obstructive jaundice with infection is closely related to the decreased host immunity.
Objective To review the methods of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation.Methods The strategies of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation were analyzed and summaried on the basis of an extensive review of the latest l iterature concerned. Results The research development of immunological rejection mechanism and molecular biological technique provided new approaches for overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation. Conclusion It is only a matter of time for xenotransplantation to be appl ied cl inically.
Objective To explore the operative safety of HIV-infected patients with colorectal cancer in different degrees of immunodeficiency. Methods A total of 56 patients, including 26 cases of HIV positive (HIV-positive group) and 28 cases of HIV negative (HIV-negative group), who underwent radical operation for colorectal cancer between January 2012 and December 2015, were enrolled in our study. We divided HIV-positive patients into three groups according to CD4+ T cells count in peripheral venous blood before 1 day (D0) of the surgery (HIV-positive Ⅰgroup with CD4+ T cells count >500/μL, HIV-positive Ⅱgroup with CD 4+ T cells count among 200–500/μL, and HIV-positive Ⅲ group with CD4+ T cells count <200/μL). Non-infective patients were enrolled in HIV-negative group. Leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, CD 4+ T cells subsets count, and CD8+ T cells subsets count of the 4 groups in different time points were tested. In addition, we compared postoperative complications, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and postoperative survival rate between the HIV-positive group and the HIV-negative group. Results In 56 cases, there were 26 cases of HIV-positive patients (including 10 cases of HIV-positive Ⅰ group, 8 cases of HIV-positive Ⅱ group and 10 cases of HIV-positive Ⅲ group). Variance results about repeated measurement data showed that, variation of leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, and CD8+ T cells count among 4 groups after surgery had no statistical significance (P>0.05), in addition there was no significant on time effect and interactive effect of time and group (P>0.05). CD4+ T cells count in the 4 groups showed a trend from decline to rising with time going, and the time effect had statistical significance (P<0.05). The speed and amplitude of decline and recovery of CD4+ T cells count were different among groups, and the group effect had statistical significance (P<0.05). CEA showed a trend of decline after surgery in both HIV-positive group and HIV-negative group, and the time effect had statistical significance (P<0.05), but the group effect and interactive effect of time and group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). No statistically significant differences in amount of blood loss, duration of surgery, postoperative stay, nor complication rate (including incision infection, pulmonary infection, and opportunistic infections after surgery) were found between the HIV-positive group and the HIV-negative group (P>0.05). The overall survival situation of the HIV-positive group and the HIV-negative group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions Radical operation for HIV-infected patients with colorectal cancer has an impact of " first inhibition and recovery” on cellular immunity over a period of time. Incidence of postoperative complications and survival rates are similar in HIV-positive patients and HIV-negative patients. In a word, it’s safe to have radical operation for colorectal cancer in HIV-positive patients under the proper perioperative treatment.