Objective To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)，IL-1β and TNF-α in human airway primary epitheliums.Methods The bronchial primary epitheliums from human were stimulated with LPS，IL-1β and TNF-α respectively and then were harvested for hBD-2 expression detection.The mRNA expression of hBD-2 was detected by RT-PCR，and the protein expression by immunocytochemistry and western blot.Results There was a small expression of hBD-2 mRNA in human airway primary epitheliums before stimulation.The hBD-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased after 3 hours of LPS，IL-1β and TNF-α stimulation respectively and the expression increasement was in a dose dependent manner.The hBD-2 protein could be detected in cytoplasm after 4 hours of LPS (0.1 μg/mL)，IL-1β (1 ng/mL) and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) stimulation.Conclusions LPS and proinflammatory cytokines can induce the mRNA and protein expression of hBD-2 in a short time.The expression of hBD-2 may play an initial defense role against bacterial invasion.
Abstract： Objective To investigate the acute cardioprotective effect of 17b-estradiol (17b-E2) against severe myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits and the mechanism of the effect. Methods We established the model of myocardial I/R in vivo by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery of the rabbits (who underwent coronary occlusion for 40 minutes followed by 3 hours of reperfusion). Twentyfour New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with 12 in each group. Before coronary occlusion, 1 ml of ethanol or 17b-E2 at 10 μg/kg was administered intravenously to the rabbits in the control group and the experimental group respectively. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the following time points: before occlusion, 40 minutes after occlusion, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours after reperfusion. Activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) was determined by Western blotting analysis, and apoptosis of cardiocytes was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidlyl transferase mediated deoxyuridinebiotin dUTP Nick End Labeline (TdT)mediated dNTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results During myocardial ischemia, TNF-α decreased significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group (F=0.007,P=0.001), while there was no difference in IL-6 between the two groups (F=0.616,P=0.095). During the process of reperfusion, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (Plt;0.01). Besides, the activation of p38 MAPK and apoptotic index for the experimental group were also lower (45.07%±2.73% vs. 61.25%±2.41%, t＝－15.398, P=0.000; 11.21%±3.85% vs. 22.02%±4.49%, t＝－6.332, P=0.000). Conclusion The cardioprotective effect of 17b-E2 against myocardial I/R may be attributed to its antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic properties, which is probably associated with the inhibition of 17bE2 on p38MAPK activity.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression regulation of inflammation cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in rats with sciatic nerve defect following olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation. MethodsThe primary OEC for cell culture and identification was dissociated from the olfactory bulb of the green fluorescent protein-Sprague Dawley (GFP-SD) rat. One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and the right sciatic nerve defect (10 mm in length) model was made, then repaired with poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The mixture of equivalent cultured GFP-OEC and extracellular matrix (ECM) was injected into both ends of PLGA nerve conduit in the experimental group (n=55), and the mixture of DMEM and ECM in the control group (n=45). The general situation of rats was observed after operation. At 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks, the inflammatory cytokines were detected by Western blot. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the survival of GFP-OEC was observed in the experimental group. At 9 weeks, HE staining was used to observe the morphology of nerve tissue, and the sensory and motor function and the electrophysiological index were detected. ResultsThe cultured primary cells were GFP-OECs by immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly increased expression level of IL-4 at 2-6 weeks (P < 0.05), significantly decreased expression level of IL-6 and TNF-α at 3 days and 1 week (P < 0.05) and significantly increased expression level of IL-13 at 1 day and 3-6 weeks (P < 0.05) by Western blot detection. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the surviving GFP-OEC of regenerative nerve end was observed in the experimental group under the fluorescence microscope. At 9 weeks, regenerative nerve tissue was loose, and cell morphology was irregular in the experimental group, while the regenerative nerve tissue had vesicular voids and the cell number decreased significantly in the control group. At 9 weeks, the functional recovery of sciatic nerve in the experimental group was better than that of the control group, showing significant difference in the lateral foot retraction time, sciatic nerve function index, muscle action potential latency, and the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (P < 0.05). ConclusionOEC can promote the anti-inflammation cytokines expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, which can improve the local inflammatory microenvironment of sciatic nerve and effectively promote the structure and function recovery of sciatic nerve.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the expression of IL-8 protein in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and clinicopathological features and survival prognosis.MethodsThe expression of IL-8 protein in 80 cases of TNBC was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between the expression of IL-8 protein and clinicopathological features and prognosis of TNBC patients was analyzed by χ2 test, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsIn 80 TNBC patients, the high expression of IL-8 protein accounted for 22.5% (18/80). The expression level of IL-8 protein in TNBC tumor tissue was correlated with T stage, clinical stage, Ki-67 expression, WHO grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). However, it was not related to age, menopausal status, pathological type of tumor and whether they had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P>0.05). The results of log-rank analysis showed that the disease-free survival rate (DFS) of high expression group of IL-8 protein was poor than that of low expression group of IL-8 protein (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the expression of IL-8 protein was an independent factor affecting the survival and prognosis of TNBC patients [HR=1.180, 95%CI (1.001, 1.391), P=0.049]. The prognosis of TNBC patients with high expression of IL-8 protein was poor.ConclusionThe expression level of IL-8 protein is an independent risk factor affecting the survival and prognosis of patients with TNBC.
Sepsis is a worldwide problem. Although there are many related researchs and animal experiments about sepsis, the mortality of sepsis is still high. In the early stage of sepsis, after the pathogenic bacteria invade the body, the immune response produced by the body promotes the synthesis and secretion of a series of cytokines. Among them, there are proinflammatory cytokines that promote inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory cytokines that inhibit inflammatory response. These cytokines interact with each other and maintain a dynamic balance in complex cell grid. This is to restore the steady state of the body after resisting and eliminating the invaders.Anti-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in it. They act on specific immune cells or immune regulatory receptors. Anti-inflammatory cytokines limit persistent or excessive inflammatory responses after killing invaders, and reduce or block pro-inflammatory cytokine activities. These anti-inflammatory cytokines also can heal body to restore the normal immune physiological level of the organism. This article will review the related research of anti-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis.