Objective To investigate interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-17 levels in both synovial fluid and serum of patients with primary knee medial osteoarthritis (OA) after high tbial osteotomy (HTO). Methods Twenty-six patients with primary knee medial OA undergoing HTO between January 2011 and June 2014 (experimental group) and 30 healthy individuals (control group) were recruited into the study. There was no significant difference in gender, age, and body mass index between 2 groups (P>0.05). The X-ray film was taken to record healing time at osteotomy site, to measure the tibiofemoral angle, and to assess limb alignment after HTO. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and knee society score (KSS) were used to evaluate pain level and function of the knee. The IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 concentrations in both plasma and synovial fluid were measured before operation and at 6, 12, and 18 months after operation in the experimental group using ELISA method; the levels in plasma were measured in control group. Results Primary healing of incisions was achieved in patients. All patients were followed up 18-24 months (mean, 21 months). The X-ray film showed osseous healing at osteotomy site at 9-14 weeks (mean, 11.5 weeks). The average tibiofemoral angle was 167.5° (range, 165-170°) after bone healing. Satisfactory limb alignment was obtained in all patients. The postoperative VAS pain score was significantly decreased and KSS score was significantly improved when compared with preoperative scores (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between different time points after operation (P>0.05). The preoperative plasma and synovial fluid IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 concentrations were significantly higher in patients than controls (P<0.05). The postoperative IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid were significantly lower than preoperative ones in patients (P<0.05), but the concentrations were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05). The postoperative plasma and synovial fluid IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 concentrations were significantly declined in patients, but there was no significant difference between different time points after operation (P>0.05). Conclusion HTO can significantly improve the pain symptom and joint function and reduce IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 levels in both plasma and synovial fluid of patients with medial compartment knee OA, but these cytokines can not return to normal level.
Objective To investigate association between –174C/G genetic polymorphism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and susceptibility to gastric cancer by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods Such databases as PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched from inception to January 2017 to collect case-control studies about the correlation between the –174C/G genetic polymorphism of IL-6 and susceptibility to gastric cancer. For the population genotype distributions of both the gastric cancer group and the control group, their odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were taken as the effect indexes were applied to conduct meta-analysis in the homozygote model (CC vs. GG), heterozygote model (GC vs. GG), dominant model (CC+CG vs. GG), recessive model (CG+GG vs. CC), and allelic genetic model (C vs. G). Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. Results Thirteen articles were included in the final meta-analysis, covering a total of 2 062 gastric cancer cases and 3 152 controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no correlation between the IL-6 –174C/G genetic polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer〔CC vs. GG: OR=1.33, 95% CI (0.92, 1.94); GC vs. GG: OR=1.32, 95% CI (0.96, 1.82); CC+CG vs. GG: OR=1.32, 95% CI (0.97, 1.80); CG+GG vs. CC: OR=0.89, 95% CI (0.67, 1.17); C vs. G: OR=1.22, 95% CI (0.98, 1.54)〕. But the results of the subgroup analysis showed there was a significant association between the IL-6 –174 C/G genetic polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer in Asians〔CC vs. GG: OR=1.80, 95% CI (1.29, 2.50); GC vs. GG: OR=1.51, 95% CI (1.20, 1.90); CC+CG vs. GG: OR=1.60, 95% CI (1.30, 1.96); CG+GG vs. CC: OR=0.60, 95% CI (0.44, 0.83); C vs. G: OR=1.59, 95% CI (1.24, 2.03)〕. However, no association was found in Europeans〔CC vs. GG: OR=1.11, 95% CI (0.90, 1.39); GC vs. GG: OR=1.16, 95% CI (0.98, 1.37); CC+CG vs. GG: OR=1.12, 95% CI (0.96, 1.32); CG+GG vs. CC: OR=1.07, 95% CI (0.88, 1.30); C vs. G: OR=1.04, 95% CI (0.78, 1.41)〕 . Conclusion IL-6 –174C/G genetic polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer in Asians, which is not associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer in Europeans.
Objective To investigate the effects of one-lung ventilation time on the concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum inflammatory markers and early pulmonary infection after radical resection of esophageal cancer. Methods Ninety patients with thoracoscope and laparoscopic radical resection of esophageal carcinoma were chosen. According to the thoracoscope operation time, the patients were divided into 3 groups including a T1 (0.5–1.5 hours) group, a T2 (1.5–2.5 hours) group and a T3 (>2.5 hours) group. Immediately after the operation, the ventilated and collapsed BALF were taken. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to determine the concentration of IL-6 and tumour necrosis TNF-α. The concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) were measured on the first, third, fifth day after operation. The incidence of pulmonary infection was observed within 3 days after operation. Result The IL-6 values of the right collapsed lung in all groups were higher than those in the left ventilated lung. The TNF-α value of the right collapsed lung in the T2 group and T3 group was higher than that in the left ventilated lung (P<0.05). Compared with in the right collapsed lung, the TNF-α and IL-6 values gradually increased with the the duration of one-lung ventilation (P<0.05). Compared with the left ventilated lung groups, the IL-6 value increased gradually with the duration of one-lung ventilation time (P<0.05). The TNF-α value of the T3 group was higher than that of the T1 and T2 groups (P<0.05). The PCT value of the T3 group was higher than that of the T1 group and T2 group on the third, fifth day after operation (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in CRP and WBC among the three groups at different time points. The incidence of pulmonary infection in the T3 group was significantly higher than that in the T1 group within 3 days after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion With the extension of one-lung ventilation time, the release of local and systemic inflammatory mediators is increased, and the probability of pulmonary infection is higher.
ObjectiveTo analyze expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer (UC-CRC) and investigate role of IL-6 and MSI in carcinogenesis of patients with UC.MethodsThe postoperative pathological data of patients with UC-CRC and patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) admitted by Edong Healthcare Group from January 2013 to January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The expressions of MMR proteins, including hMLH1, hPMS2, hMSH2, and hMSH6, were detected by the immunohistochemical method. The serum IL-6 levels of the patients with UC, UC-CRC, SCRC and control patients (non-UC, non-UC-CRC, non-SCRC) were detected. The correlation between the IL-6 and MMR protein expression in the cancer tissue was analyzed.ResultsThere were 43 patients with UC, 17 UC-CRC, 55 SCRC, and 30 control patients. The total rate of MMR-deficient (dMMR) was 41.2% (7/17) in the patients with UC-CRC. There were significant correlations between the hMLH1 and hPMS2 protein expression deletion and between the hMSH2 and hMSH6 protein expression deletion (P<0.001). The serum level of IL-6 in the patients with UC-CRC was significantly higher than that in the patients with UC (t=4.97, P<0.001) and the patients with SCRC (t=5.26, P=0.006). The dMMR might be associated with the level of IL-6 in the patients with UC-CRC, which wasn’t associated with it in the patients with SCRC (rs=0.04, P=0.77).ConclusionsSimilar to SCRC, MSI also plays a role in occurrence and development of UC-CRC. dMMR in patient with UC-CRC is more common in co-expression deficiency of hMLH1 and hPMS2, as did hMSH2 and hMSH6. IL-6 is not involved in mechanism of MSI-related canceration of colorectal cancer, but it is speculated that IL-6 might be involved in occurrence of MSI of UC-CRC.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research status and progress of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). MethodRecent literature published at home and abroad about the study of IL-6 in the TAK was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsIL-6 was a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by a variety of cells, which participated in a variety of inflammatory and immune reactions, and played an important role in the progress of TAK. The expression levels of IL-6 in the peripheral blood and vascular wall tissues of patients with TAK were increased. The gene polymorphism of IL-6 might be related to the occurrence of TAK. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, was effective and safe in the treatment of TAK. ConclusionsIL-6 can be used as one of the monitoring indicators for the active phase and recurrence of TAK. IL-6 receptor antagonist can be used as the treatment choice of TAK, but the application results in different stages of TAK are still worth expecting.
Objective To evaluate the effect of hemoperfusion for absorption of inflammatory cytokines on sepsis . Method A prospective randomized controlled study was carried out to collect 60 sepsis patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of this hospital from June 2019 to December 2021. They were randomly divided into a study group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases) by using the random number table method. Both groups of patients received routine treatment according to the guidelines, including fluid resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, antibiotic and vasoactive agents. For the patients with renal failure, renal replacement therapy (RRT) was used. Routine vital sign monitoring and serum procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) determination were recorded. The study group received two times of hemoperfusion to absorb inflammatory cytokines at 0 h and 24 h after enrollment. At 24 h and 48 h after treatment, the vital signs and related physical and chemical indexes of patients were recorded again, including norepinephrine dose, oxygenation index, PCT, IL-6 and blood lactic acid. The changes of physical and chemical indexes and the 28-day survival rate of the two groups were compared. Results There was no difference in the general situation of the two groups when they were enrolled (P>0.05). The dosage of norepinephrine [(0.77±0.48)μg·kg–1·min–1 vs. (0.92±0.62) μg·kg–1·min–1, P=0.030] and the level of blood lactic acid [(2.70±1.43)mmol/L vs. (4.05±2.60)mmol/L, P=0.001] in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group 24 h and 48 h after treatment. The oxygenation index in the study group was higher than that of the control group 24 h after treatment (212±68)mm Hg vs. (197±42)mm Hg, P=0.042). The inflammation related indexes PCT [(17±24)ng/mL vs. (32±36)ng/mL, P=0.013] and IL-6 [299 (102, 853)pg/mL vs. 937 (247, 2230)pg/mL, P=0.026] in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group 48 h after treatment. The dosage of noradrenaline, oxygenation index, PCT, IL-6 and blood lactate level in the study group after treatment were improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), while those in the control group were not significantly improved after treatment (P>0.05), and oxygenation index in the two groups had no significant difference before and after treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the 28-day survival rate between the two groups (χ2=0.211, P=0.646). Conclusion Although the hemoperfusion for absorption of inflammatory cytokine factors can not reduce the 28-day mortality of sepsis, it can significantly improve the early physical and chemical indicators of patients, and provide opportunities for follow-up treatment.
Objective To observe the expression of hepcidin-ferroportin (FPN) pathway in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and to explore the mechanism of its involvement in renal fibrosis in CKD. Methods A total of 20 6-week-old male SD rats without specific pathogen were selected. The rats were divided into control group and CKD group, with 10 rats in each group, using a simple random method. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the second and sixth weeks after modeling. The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24 h urine protein quantification were measured. The pathological changes of rats were observed. The iron content of rat kidney tissue was detected by colorimetric method, and the level of serum hepcidin-25 was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method in both groups. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the renal protein and mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ), FPN1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) P65. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of Scr, BUN, and 24 h urine protein quantification were higher in the CKD group at the end of the second and sixth weeks of modeling (P<0.05). The results of renal tissue staining showed that the CKD group had obvious glomerular structural disorders, tubular dilation, and interstitial collagen fiber deposition. Compared with the control group, the serum hepcidin-25 level and the iron content of kidney tissues in the CKD group were significantly higher, and correlation analysis suggested that both were positively correlated with the renal function of rats (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of α-SMA, Col-Ⅰ, HAMP, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB P65 were higher (P<0.05), while FPN1 expression was lower in CKD group at the end of the second and sixth weeks of modeling (P<0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that HAMP mRNA expression was positively correlated with α-SMA, Col-Ⅰ, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB p65 (P<0.001), which was negatively correlated with FPN1 mRNA expression (P<0.001). FPN1 mRNA expression was significantly negatively correlated with α-SMA, Col-Ⅰ (P<0.001). Conclusions Ferroptosis may be present in the adenine-induced rat model of CKD, and it may be involved in the process of renal fibrosis through the interaction of HAMP-FPN signaling pathway with the inflammatory response. Serum hepcidin-25 is expected to be a serological marker for the early diagnosis of CKD.