With the progresses of the research on "Digital Human", more and more information has been needed for the setting up of the three-dimensional digital models of human organs. In the present paper, based on the method of block mapping with a normal-style bump mapping method, we normalized the vector of the surface of the models, computed offset of the texture coordinates and added to them. The projection of the coordinates to the tangential space complemented the disturbance to the vector of models' surface. The method was proposed with bump texture mapping on the surface of the biological models of organs to improve the impression of the visualization of the organ models and to enhance the sense of reality of the models.
Objective To explore the causes and solutions of dissatisfied complaints about frame glasses wearing after medical optometry to improve service quality. Methods Patients with dissatisfied complaints about frame glasses wearing after medical optometry in West China Medical Center of Optometry Glasses between January 2013 and December 2014 were selected. Targeted re-examination and corresponding treatment was performed on them. The causes of their complaints were clustered and analyzed. Result There were 105 cases of complaints out of the 58 278 patients with frame glasses wearing after medical optometry, including complaints about wearing glasses uncomfortable in 58 cases (55.2%), mainly related to abnormal binocular vision, high myopia and progressive glasses lens fitting; quality of glasses in 23 cases (21.9%), in whom 16 were dissatisfied with the frame; quality of service in 10 cases (9.5%); glasses assembly / calibration in 7 cases (6.7%); and other dissatisfaction in 7 cases (6.7%). Conclusions In medical optometry, optometrists and sales staff should establish a good communication with patients according to individual differences, attach importance to the selection of right frame and lens in patients with high myopia or progressive piece of glasses, introduce the right wearing method of progressive piece of glasses, and enhance the follow-up service. For patients with obvious eye fatigue, it is needed to check the binocular visual function, if the visual fatigue is closely related to abnormal binocular visual function, special glasses fitting and functional training should be instructed to the patients.
Objective To evaluate the surgical approach of left superior vena cava（LSVC） distal abnormalities in infant and young children. Methods From April 1999 to December 2004, 19 cases of LSVC distal abnormalities were corrected by primary repair. There were 10 males and 9 females. Their age ranged from 2.7 months to 6.5 years and body weight from 3. 1 to 15.0 kg. Diseases complicated with LSVC included complex congenital cardiac disease 9 cases, ostium secundum atrial septal defect 4, partial abnormal pulmonary venous drainage （PAPVD） with atrial septal defect（ASI）） 2, tetralogy of Fallot（TOF） 3, and double outlet of right ventricle （DORV） 1 case. The ways for surgical treatment of distal abnormalities of LSVC were reconstruction of atrial septum, translocation of LSVC and reconstruction of atrial septum, right atrium and LSVC anastomosis, cavopulmonary anastomosis and repair of partially unroofed coronary sinus. Results One patient died and the diagnosis for the patient was LSVC with DORV and pulmonary hypertension （PH）. This patient died from crisis of PH , obstruction of blood flow in the left cavopulmonary anastomosis, severe low cardiac output,low arterial oxygen saturation and abnormal function of kidney. The mean pressure of right atrium was 9 to 18 mmHg. The percutaneous oxygen saturation （SpO2） was 0.98 1.00 for biventricular repair and 0.79-0. 88 for single ventricular repair and palliative repair. The echocardiography showed no obstruction of the blood flow in LSVC and pulmonary veins. The results of follow-up were satisfactory, from 3 months to 2 years. Conclusions Key for success of surgical approach of LSVC distal abnormalities is precise evaluation of different kinds of LSVC and different surgical approaches. Cavopulmonary anastomosis can not be used in the case of LSVC with PH.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the predictive factors of new-onset conduction abnormalities(NOCAs) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients. MethodsThe CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect the relevant studies on NOCAs after TAVR in patients with BAV from inception to December 5, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.4 software. ResultsSix studies involving 758 patients with BAV were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that age (MD=−1.48, 95%CI −2.73 to −0.23, P=0.02), chronic kidney disease (OR=0.14, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.34, P<0.01), preoperative left bundle branch block (LBBB) (OR=2.84, 95%CI 1.11 to 7.23, P=0.03), membranous septum length (MSL) (MD=0.93, 95%CI 0.05 to 1.80, P=0.04), implantation depth (ID) (MD=−2.06, 95%CI −2.96 to −1.16, P<0.01), the difference between MSL and ID (MD=3.05, 95%CI 1.92 to 4.18, P<0.01), and ID>MSL (OR=0.27, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.49, P<0.01) could be used as predictors of NOCAs. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that age, chronic kidney disease, LBBB, MS, ID, the difference between MSL and ID, and ID>MSL could be used as predictors of NOCAs. Due to the limited quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the impact of using low limit of normal( LLN) for FEV1 /FVC ratio and fixed ratio ( 70% ) as cut-off point in the qualitative diagnosis on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) . Methods An epidemiological study was carried out in preoperative patients who received pulmonary function test in Zhongshan hospital fromNovember 6, 2007 to December 30, 2007. 339 patients were enrolled and diagnosed as COPD by different diagnostic criteria as follows: ①GOLD criteria; ②FEV1 /FVC
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. The systematic therapy of breast cancer may affect the endometrium and ovarian function, such as abnormal endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal uterine bleeding caused by ovulation disorders. If we do not consider the patients suffering from breast cancer, we can use progesterone drugs to stop bleeding, regulate menstruation, and protect the endometrium. But there is no consistent conclusion on the safety of progesterone drugs in breast cancer patients. This article reviews the security of progesterone drugs in breast cancer survivors from the perspective of basic and clinical research. At present, whether the use of progesterone drugs in breast cancer survivors increases the risk of disease may be related to the type, dosage, and method of use of progesterone drugs. At the same time, it is also related to the type of breast cancer the patient has. Based on the available data, it is safe to use natural progesterone or dydrogesterone for the short term in patients with breast cancer. More studies are needed to evaluate other approaches.
Objective To establish amedical reference for adult pulmonary function parameters and a normal FEV1 /FVC% pred in population of Shanghai. Methods Subjects who underwent routine physical examination were initially screened and those who met enrollment criteria with age over 18 years old were required to underwent pulmonary function tests in Zhongshan Hospital from June 2009 to February 2010. After screening of 450 subjects, a total of 240 subjects with normal pulmonary function and 120 subjects with mild small airway abnormalities were enrolled in this study according to the prediction equations established in1988. All subjects were assigned into 6 groups according to their age with30 males amd 30 females in each group. Pulmonary function parameters including VC, FVC, FEV1 , FEV1 /FVC, PEF, FEF25% , FEF50% , FEF75% , RV, FRC, TLC, RV /TLC, DLCO, and KCO were collected for analysis. New prediction equations for the above 14 parameters were established by parameters of anthropometry. The medical reference ranges of 14 parameters were calculated according to the newprediction equations. The normal FEV1 /FVC%pred was also calculated. Results New prediction equations for normal adult pulmonary function parameters in Shanghai were established. DLCO =5.206 +4. 314 ×gender ( “male”= 1, “female”=0) - 0. 144 ×age( y) +0. 098 × height( cm) +0. 082 ×weight( kg) , KCO =9. 346 - 0. 026 ×age( y) - 0. 031 ×height( cm) +0. 025 ×weight( kg) .The LLN( P5) of VC, FVC, FEV1 , FEV1 /FVC, the LLN( P2. 5 ) and the upper limit of normal value ( P97. 5) of FRC, TLC, RV, RV/TLC were calculated. The LLN( P5) of FEV1 /FVC = 101. 924 - 0. 144 × age ( y) - 0. 118 ×high( cm) . The lower normal limit of FEV1 /FVC% pred was 92% . Conclusions This is the first time to have the medical reference of FEV1 /FVC% pred in China, and new prediction equations for DLCO in Shanghai. The LLN of FEV1 /FVC or FEV1 /FVC% pred lt;92% can be used as diagnostic criteria for obstructive ventilation disorder. Instead of using FEV1% pred lt; 80% , FEV1 lt; LLN can be used as diagnostic criteria for mild ventilation disorder.
Abstract： Objective To explore the clinical correction of Ebstein’s anomaly using a modified Carpentier’s method and summarize the clinical experience . Methods We retrospectively analyzed data for 13 consecutive patients（ 6 males and 7 females, with an age of 26.8±13.5 years） with Ebstein’s anomaly who underwent operation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between June 2006 and August 2010. All patients underwent correction using a modified Carpentier’s method. Operative techniques included excising and suturing the right atrialized chamber; puckering and shortening the tricuspid annulus；detaching the septal and posterior leaflet and/or part of the anterior leaflet from the displaced annulus; broadening and enlarging the area of the posterior/septal valve leaflet using autologous pericardium, and reattaching them to the true tricuspid annulus；transecting and reimplanting the papillary muscle and chordae; and simultaneously correcting any other congenital malformations. Results All patients survived and recovered well. The cardiac functional grading ranged from Ⅰ to Ⅱ (New York Heart Association ). All patients were followed up for 3 to 15 months (average 8 months). Postoperative echocardiograpy showed disappearance of tricuspid incompetence in 10 patients and mild or moderate tricuspid incompetence in 3 patients. The patients’ tricuspid valve leaflets were all at the normal level. At three months and at one year postoperation, rechecked echocardiograpy showed opening and closing of the tricuspid and right ventricular function recovering well, with no obvious incompetence in 12 patients, and moderate tricuspid incompetence lightened to mild in 1 patient. All patients returned to normal work and life. Conclusion Our technique for correcting Ebstein’s anomaly using a modified Carpentier’s method had satisfactory early results. The patients’ right ventricles were effectively reshaped and recovered function through excising and suturing the right atrialized chamber, and favorable tricuspid valvuloplasty effect was achieved by reattaching the enlarged leaflets using autologous pericardium to the true tricuspid annulus, and by transecting and reimplantating the papillary muscle and chordae.
In order to fully explore the neural oscillatory coupling characteristics of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), this paper analyzed and compared the strength of the coupling characteristics for 28 MCI patients and 21 normal subjects under six different-frequency combinations. The results showed that the difference in the global phase synchronization index of cross-frequency coupling under δ-θ rhythm combination was statistically significant in the MCI group compared with the normal control group (P = 0.025, d = 0.398). To further validate this coupling feature, this paper proposed an optimized convolutional neural network model that incorporated a time-frequency data enhancement module and batch normalization layers to prevent overfitting while enhancing the robustness of the model. Based on this optimized model, with the phase locking value matrix of δ-θ rhythm combination as the single input feature, the diagnostic accuracy of MCI patients was (95.49 ± 4.15)%, sensitivity and specificity were (93.71 ± 7.21)% and (97.50 ± 5.34)%, respectively. The results showed that the characteristics of the phase locking value matrix under the combination of δ-θ rhythms can adequately reflect the cognitive status of MCI patients, which is helpful to assist the diagnosis of MCI.
On account of the mechanical disturbance of external chest pressing to electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the ECG rhythm cannot be identified reliably during the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation period. Whereas the possibility of successful resuscitation will be lowered due to interrupted external chest pressing, a new filtering algorithm, enhanced leastmean-square (eLMS) algorithm, was proposed and developed in our laboratory. The algorithm can filter the disturbance of external chest pressing without the support of hardware reference signal and correctly identify ventricular fibrillation (VF) rhythm and normal sinus rhythm in case of uninterrupted external chest pressing. Without other reference signals, this algorithm realizes filtering only through the interrupted electrocardiograma (cECG) signal. It was verified with ECG signal and disturbance signal under different signal to noise ratios and contrasted with other mature algorithms. The verification results showed that the identification effect of eLMS was superior to those of others under different signal to noise ratios. Furthermore, ECG rhythm can be correctly identified only through cECG signal. This algorithm not only reduces the research and development(R & D)costs of automated external defibrillator but also raises the identification accuracy of ECG rhythm and the possibility of successful resuscitation.