PURPOSE: To explore the pathogenesis of anisometropic and amblyopias. METHODS:To carry out on monocular and binocular atropinized cat models during the developmental period for anisometropia and ametropia ,and measure the cytosomal sectional area and some parameters of the dendric field from the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei (dLGN)of adult cats by using Golgi-Cox staining. RESULIS:The changes of cytosomal sectional areas and parameters about dendric fields in the dLGN of experimental cats were as following:significant differences between cells of dLGN's A1 lamina by the monocular atropinized eyes and normal ones, binocular atropinized eyea and normal ones;no significant difference between tbat driven by the monoular and binocular atropinized eyes. CONCLUSIONS:There might be resemble pathogenesis between anisomelropic and ametropic amblyopias. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12:153-156）
Purpose To study changes of cell cycle of vascular endothelial cell in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods Alloxan induced Wistar-rats were employed and immunohistochemistry,Western blotting methods were used. Results The vascular endothelial cells of retinas of 8～20 weeks diabetic rats were observe to be cyclinD1,cyclinD3,cyclinB1,p21 and p27 positive stained with light and electronmicroscopies.CyclinE immuno-stained vascular endothelial cells was observed occasionally.Meanwhile,the evidences of morphologic changes of the vascular en dothelial cells were proved:less plasma,thinner cell,more bubble organelles than those of controls.But,the ultra-structures of pericytes and other type of retinal cells did not change and they also immunostain negative.Komas blue and Western blotting methods also proved that the vascular endothelial cells of retina of 20th week diabetic rats expressed cyclinD1,cyclinB1,p21 and p27 protein. Conclusion Glucose induced retinal vascular endothelial cells of 8～20th weeks diabetic rats enter cell cycle and were arrested at G1/S restriction point.This study also suggested that retinal vascular endothelial cells may possess the ability to resist glucose damage and mechanism of selfstability during very early stage of diabetes. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:173-176)
OBJECTIVE：Observing the clinical and pathological features of Coats disease. METHODS:Reviewing the clinical data and pathologic slides duly confirmed by pathology of 19 cases of Coats disease,which belonging to our college's Laboratory of Ophthalmologic Pathology from 1959 to 1994. RESULTS: 14 males,5 females,aged 1-18 years. More boys were affected than girls in the age group under 10 and that difference between both sexes became gradually less as they grew older. The main pathologic changes were the vascular dilatation and congestion of the outer layer of the retina,the uneven thickness of the vascular walls and the proliferation of the connective tissue. Retinal protuberance was seen in most of the advanced cases.with bleeding and vascular changes on its surfaces. The main pathologic changes were the detachment of retina and the appearance of many foam cells and crystals of cholesterol in the subretnal fluid,and calcification and ossification of the outer layer of the retina were found in some cases. CONCLUSION :Cytological examination of the subretinal fluid might be the liable method in differentiating between the Coats disease and retinoblatstoma. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 157-159）
Objective To observe whether theograde axial flow of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in diabetic rats at the early stage was damaged. Methods Diabetic model was induced by streptozotocin in 6 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats. Fluorogold (FG) was injected to the superior colliculi 4 weeks later.Streched preparation of retina was made 12 and 72 hours after the injection, and was stained after photographed by fluorescent microscope. The proportion of RGC with different sizes labeled by FG was calculated. Other 6 normal adult male SD rats were in the control group. Results Twelve hours after injection with FG, there was no difference of the total number of RGC in experimental and control group, but the ratio of small RGC was lower in experimental group than that in the control group; 72 hours after injection with FG, The number of RGC, especially the small RGC, decreased obviously in experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion The speed of the retrograde axial flow of RGC in diabetic rats at the early stage is affected, and the small RGC are damageable. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 4-6)
【摘要】 目的 探讨颅脑损伤(BI)死亡的法医病理学特点,以及继发性脑干损伤、并发症的发生与死亡之间的因果关系。方法 从性别、年龄、致伤方式、损伤类型、生存时间、死亡原因等方面,对四川大学华西法医学鉴定中心1998年1月-2008年12月127例BI死亡尸检案例进行回顾性统计研究分析。结果 127例法医病理学检案中,原发性BI死亡51例(402%),继发性脑干损伤死亡61例(480%),并发症死亡15例(118%),其中伤后12 h内死亡者直接死因均为严重原发性脑损伤,存活12 h～1周者直接死因以继发性脑干损伤居多,生存时间超过1周者约半数死于并发症。结论 在BI案例的死亡原因确定时,应在全面系统的病理学检验基础上,结合案情及临床资料进行综合分析。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the characteristics of forensic pathology in traumatic brain injury and the relationships between secondary brainstem damage, complications and the causes of death. Methods 127 cases were reviewed from gender, age, manner of injury, survival time and the direct causes of death from January 1998 to December 2008. Results Of the 127 cases, the key direct cause of death was secondary brainstem damage, followed by severe primarily brain injury and complications. For those who died within 12 hours after injury, the direct cause was severe primarily brain injury; for those who survived between 12 hours to one week, secondary brainstem damage was in the majority of the causes and for those who survive more than one week time, complication was an important cause. Conclusion In the cases of traumatic brain injury, we should take comprehensive and systematic examination of forensic pathology, and refer to clinical data at the same time to determine the direct cause of death.
ObjectiveTo observe the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Bcl-2, Bax in the rat retina of ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS). Methods30 Brown Norway rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 15 rats in each group. The rats in experimental group were established a model through ligating the bilateral common carotid artery. At 3 months after modeling, the retinal thickness and ganglion cell (RGC) density were measured by hematoxylin eosin staining; the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Bax and Bcl-2 in the retina was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. ResultsThe RGC density in control group and experimental group was 61.97±9.07 and 38.1±5.98, respectively. Compared to the control group, the RGC density was diminished in the experimental group (t=3.059, P < 0.01). A significant decrease was found in the total retina (t=3.036), inner plexiform (t=3.715), inner nuclear (t=3.339) and outer plexiform (t=3.341) thickness (P < 0.05). However, no change of the thickness was evident in the outer nuclear layers (t=2.000, P > 0.05). The levels of protein and RNA expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Bax in the retina were increased in experimental group (F=17.036, 7.787, 11.431, 11.162, 17.763, 12.183; P < 0.05), while the Bcl-2 expression were decreased (F=10.298, 12.047; P < 0.05). ConclusionsThere is obvious expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in the rat retina of OIS. Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Bax expression are increased, while Bcl-2 expression are decreased.
Objective To observe the morphological changes of dendrite and soma in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) which subsisted in early diabetic rats. Methods The RGCs of 3-months-course diabetic rats and coeval normal rats were marked by gene gun techniques. To collect RGCs photographs by Leica microscope with Z axis and CCD camera；to observe the changes of diameter, variance of structural features in dendritic field and somata after classification which according to the size and morphology. Thy-1 antibody marks on the retinal RGCs, taking a photograph under fluorescent microscope, counting the changes of retinal RGCs density in early diabetic rat. Results In three-month diabetic rats,the density of retinal RGCs was decreased obviously. Morphological changes of RGCs in the dendritic fields were observed with gene gun technique. There was no severe variation in all kinds of the bole of cell dendrite, in which some only showed crispation partially and sparseness also twisting in the dendritic ramus. The mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class A of diabetic rats was (401plusmn;86) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field in control group was (315plusmn;72) mu;m,compared with each other, there is statistically significant differences (t=21.249，Plt;0.001); the mean diameter of soma in class A of diabetic rats was (24plusmn;6) mu;m, the mean diameter of soma in control group was (22plusmn;5) mu;m, compared with each other, there is no statistically significant differences (t=0.927，Pgt;0.05); the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class B of diabetic rats were (170plusmn;36)、(14plusmn;2) mu;m respectively, in control group were (165plusmn;36)、(16plusmn;2) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class C of diabetic group were(265plusmn;78)、(17plusmn;5) mu;m respectively, in control group were (251plusmn;57)、(17plusmn;4) mu;m , compared with each other, there are on statistically significant differences(t=1.357，0.798，0.835，1.104，Pgt;0.05). Conclusions In short-term diabetes, the survived RGCs show good plasticity in adult diabetic rats, especially in class A. The changes of dendrites were more sensitive than the soma, which could be the leading index of the morphologic changes of RGCs in the early stage. The good plasticity showed by the RGCs and the time window from changing in dendrite to cell death provide us many evidences not only for the research but also for the nerve protection in clinic. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2008,24:249-254)
Objective To observe the pathological and functional changes of retinal photochemical damages exposed to green flurescent light. Methods The Sprague Dawley rats were continually exposed to green fluorescent light with an illuminancem level of (1 900plusmn;106.9) Lx for 24 hours.The changes of retinal morphology and morphometrics and flash electroretinogram were studied before light exposure and at the 6th hour,6th day and 14th day after light exposure. Results At the 6th hours after light exposure,the outer nuclear layer(ONL)of retina becoma thinner compared with that bfore light exposure.The thickness of ONL decreased by 23.91% and the inner and outer segments appeared disorderly arranged.At the 6th day after light exposure the thickness of ONL is thinner than that at the6th hour,i.e.decreased by 46.6%. At the 14th day after light exposure the thickness of ONL decreased by 42.40%.Flash electroretinogram showed that the amplitudes of a and b wave decreased continuously at the 6th hour and 6th day and unrecovered at the 14th day after light exposure. Conclusion This model might be an ideal one for research on retinal photochemical damage. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:101-103)
ObjectiveTo investigate pathological changes of liver and risk factors for hepatic injury after trauma, in order to provide the instructions for clinical liver transplantation and accumulate the pathological data. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 142 patients who died after trauma between January 2010 and December 2014. Based on whether the patients had acute liver damage before dying, they were divided into two groups. The observation group had liver damage before dying, while the control group had not. Combined with the details of trauma, clinical data and autopsy results, we statistically analyzed the pathological changes of liver and risk factors for acute liver damage, including age, gender, trauma kind, trauma site, interval between trauma and hospitalization, damage degree, length of hypotension, the use of more than two vasopressors, large amount of blood transfusion, and complication of shock, infection, or underlying diseases. According to injury severity score (ISS) system, the damage degree was divided into mild damage (ISS<16), moderate damage (ISS≥16 and<25), and severe damage (ISS≥25). ResultsAmong the 142 patients, there were 45 in the observation group with varying degrees of liver cell necrosis, among whom there were 8 mild cases, 14 moderate and 23 severe. There were 97 patients in the control group without acute liver damage, and no significant changes were found in their hepatic tissue. Liver damage was not correlated with age, gender, damage kind, damage site, or pre-hospital time (P>0.05), while it was corrected with the degree of damage, time of hypotension (≥0.5 hour), the use of more than two vasopressors, large amount of blood transfusion (2 000 mL/24 hours), and combination of shock, infection, and other disease except for cardiac and pulmonary diseases (P<0.05). ConclusionWhen using donor livers from patients dying from trauma for transplantation, physicians should be alert to the factors discussed previously which can increase the risk of hepatic injury. Biopsy is useful to assess the suitability of donor livers prior to transplantation.
PURPOSE:Investigating on histopathologic changes of the photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS:Observation of the photoreceptors of retinitis pigmentosa in 11 eyes among 9 cases using light and electron microscope. RESULTS: The pathologic changes of the photoreceptors were found to be mostly marded at the equatorial area and less at the periphery,posterior pole and macular region of the retina. In relatively early cases,degeneration and shortening of outer segments,reduction or loss of connecting cilia,stubby inner segments and swollen mitochondria Were the predominant findings. In advanced cases,the inner and outer segments and connecting cilia were diminished with reduction of nuclei in number and disarangement,cellular degeneration and disorganization. The outer limiting membrane adhered to RPE or Bruch membrane. The spaces left over by the above pathologic changes were replaced by the displaced Muuml;ller cells and their hypertrophic processes. Also there were degeneration of the RPE cells,and some of them might migrate into the retina. CONCLUSION:Obvious invasions of pathologic processes in photoreceptors of the retina did present in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12:160-162）