ObjectiveTo detect the differentially expressed circular RNA (circRNA) in rotator cuff tendinopathy and analyze the potential molecular mechanism of these parental genes.MethodsTen supraspinatus tendons donated from patients who underwent tendon repair surgery between June 2018 and June 2019 were used for RNA-sequence. All rotator cuff tendinopathy and normal tendon samples were confirmed by MRI, histological staining, and observation by arthroscopy. All pathological tendons were matched with tendon samples for patients’ age, gender, body mass index, and Bonar score. The bioinformatic analysis was performed based on the differentially expressed circRNA and their parental genes, including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network construction.ResultsThere were 94 differentially expressed circRNAs, including 31 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated, detected between the rotator cuff tendinopathy and normal tendon samples with |log2 fold change (FC)| >2, P<0.05. GO analysis showed that the genes were mostly enriched in response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). KEGG pathway analysis showed that the most genes were enriched in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, cell cycle, and nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. ceRNA networks showed the interactions among circRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs. And circRNA.8951-has-miR-6089-DNMT3B was the most sum max energy.ConclusionThis bioinformatic study reveals several potential therapeutic targets for rotator cuff tendinopathy, which paves the way to better treatment and prevention of this disorder.
Objective To study the major factors which affect quality of life of Chinese patients with diabetic retinopathy,and provide basis raising the patients condition of health and quality of life. Methods Quality of life of 179 patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and 30 healthy persons was measuerd by the medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey(SF-36)and the brief scale of quality of life of WHO(WHOQOL-BREF),then the affectting factors were analysed by step regression. Results The major factors which affect quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy included:bilateral visual acuity(BVA),different category of retinopathy,course of disease,economic condition,personality,medical care and age. Conclusion The study suggests that bringing about the transformation from the biologic medical model to bio-psycho-social medical model is important to improve quality of life of the patients with diabetic retionpathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:141-143)
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical heterogeneity and auto-immunologic state in patients with diabetic ketosis (DK) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). MethodsDiabetic patients who presented with DK/DKA were recruited from West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2008. We analyzed the clinical classification, biochemical profiles, and auto-immunologic state of the patients. ResultsAmong them, 257 (15.0%) patients had type 1 diabetes, while 883 (51.6%) with type 2 diabetes, and 515 (30.1%) could be typed as "atypical diabetes" or "untying diabetes". The average age of hospitalized patients with type 1 diabetes was (31.1±13.5) years, which was significantly lower than that of the type 2 diabetes patients [(58.1±13.2) years] (P＜0.001). The most common contributing factor for DK/DKA was infection, followed by noncompliance with therapy. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive rate was 4.37% in patients with "atypical diabetes", which was similar with type 2 diabetes group (2.69%, P=0.79), but lower than that of the patients with type 1 diabetes (13.79%, P＜0.001). ConclusionsWe conclude that DK or DKA can occur not only in type 1 diabetic patients but also in patients with type 2 diabetes under infection or stress condition. DK/DKA patients have a high clinical heterogeneity. The auto-immunologic state and β-cell function have significant implications for the diagnosis and classification of diabetes.
ObjectiveTo discuss the risk of abortion related to lamotrigine (LTG) and its safety profile during pregnancy. MethodsRetrospectively studied pregnant women in our epilepsy clinics who took LTG from 2011 to 2015 as monotherapy and experienced embryo damage or abortion. Here, we present an extensive review of related literatures regarding possible mechanisms, clinical features and safty of LTG during pregnancy. ResultsIn our study, fourty-five pregnancies were administered monotherapy LTG, and three of these patients suffered embryo damage. ConclusionsAlthough LTG is considered safe for pregnant women and the embryo or fetus,it also has risk of embryo damage or abortion, which should be carefully considered before prescription. Using monotherapy and the lowest effective drug dose, monitoring LTG serum concentrations during pregnancy, supplementing folate administration before and after conception and conducting regular prenatal diagnostic tests might reduce the risk of abortion.
There is a shared problem in current optical imaging technologies of how to obtain the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. In this work, an imaging system for obtaining the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profile was presented. Firstly, Fourier transformation profilometry was used for obtaining the profile information of biological tissues, and then the difference of incident light intensity at different positions on biological tissue surface was corrected with the laws of illumination, and lastly the optical parameters of biological tissues were achieved with the spatial frequency domain imaging technique. Experimental results indicated the proposed imaging system could obtain the profile information and the optical parameters of biological tissues accurately and quickly. For the slab phantoms with height variation less than 30 mm and angle variation less than 40º, the maximum relative errors of the profile uncorrected optical parameters were 46.27% and 72.18%, while the maximum relative errors of the profile corrected optical parameters were 6.89% and 10.26%. Imaging experiments of a face-like phantom and a human’s prefrontal lobe were performed respectively, which demonstrated the proposed imaging system possesses clinical application value for the achievement of the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. Besides, the proposed profile corrected method can be used to combine with the current optical imaging technologies to reduce the influence of the profile information of biological tissues on imaging quality.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of very low profile/variable angle locking plate (VLP) internal fixation for posterior Pilon fractures extending to the medial malleolus by posteromedial approach. MethodsA retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data from 13 patients with posterior Pilon fractures extending to the medial malleolus between December 2011 and August 2012. There were 4 males and 9 females with an average age of 48.9 years (range, 23-68 years). Fractures were caused by falling in 9 cases and by traffic accident in 4 cases. The locations were the left ankle in 6 cases and the right ankle in 7 cases. According to the Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA) classification, 6 cases were rated as type 43B1, 4 cases as type 43B2, and 3 cases as type 43B3. Twelve cases had fibular fractures, including 11 cases of Denis-Weber type B, 1 case of Denis-Weber type C. The interval of injury and operation was 7-14 days (mean, 11.4 days). Open reduction was performed and VLP internal fixation was used for posterior malleolar fracture by posteromedial approach. ResultsPrimary healing of incision was obtained in all patients. Tibial nerve palsy was observed in 2 cases, and was cured after oral administration of mecobalamin. Twelve cases were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 14.5 months). According to the Burwell-Charnley's radiological evaluation system, 11 cases achieved anatomical reduction, 1 case achieved fair reduction. The fracture union time was 3-6 months (mean, 3.7 months). No loosening or breakage of internal fixation occurred during follow-up. According to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale, the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 4, and fair in 1; the excellent and good rate was 91.7%. ConclusionVLP internal fixation for posterior Pilon fractures extending to the medial malleolus by posteromedial approach can achieve good short-term effectiveness. The high quality of reduction is acquired under direct vision with low rate of soft tissue complications.
Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of applying self-stabilizing zero-profile three-dimensional (3D) printed artificial vertebral bodies in anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 37 patients diagnosed with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent single-level ACCF using either self-stabilizing zero-profile 3D-printed artificial vertebral bodies (n=15, treatment group) or conventional 3D-printed artificial vertebral bodies with titanium plates (n=22, control group) between January 2022 and February 2023. There was no significant difference in age, gender, lesion segment, disease duration, and preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score between the two groups (P>0.05). Operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, hospitalization costs, JOA score and improvement rate, incidence of postoperative prosthesis subsidence, and interbody fusion were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly shorter operation time and lower hospitalization costs (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding volume between the two groups (P>0.05). All patients were followed up, with a follow-up period of 6-21 months in the treatment group (mean, 13.7 months) and 6-19 months in the control group (mean, 12.7 months). No dysphagia occurred in the treatment group, while 5 cases occurred in the control group, with a significant difference in the incidence of dysphagia between the two groups (P<0.05). At 12 months after operation, both groups showed improvement in JOA scores compared to preoperative scores, with significant differences (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the JOA scores and improvement rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Radiographic examinations showed the interbody fusion in both groups, and the difference in the time of interbody fusion was not significant (P>0.05). At last follow-up, 2 cases in the treatment group and 3 cases in the control group experienced prosthesis subsidence, with no significant difference in the incidence of prosthesis subsidence (P>0.05). There was no implant displacement or plate-screw fracture during follow-up.Conclusion The use of self-stabilizing zero-profile 3D-printed artificial vertebral bodies in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy not only achieves similar effectiveness to 3D-printed artificial vertebral bodies, but also reduces operation time and the incidence of postoperative dysphagia.
The microarray technology used in biological and medical research provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. To find different types of cancer and to classify the cancer samples accurately, we propose a new cluster ensemble framework Dual Neural Gas Cluster Ensemble (DNGCE), which is based on neural gas algorithm, to discover the underlying structure of noisy cancer gene expression profiles. This framework DNGCE applies the neural gas algorithm to perform clustering not only on the sample dimension, but also on the attribute dimension. It also adopts the normalized cut algorithm to partition off the consensus matrix constructed from multiple clustering solutions. We obtained the final accurate results. Experiments on cancer gene expression profiles illustrated that the proposed approach could achieve good performance, as it outperforms the single clustering algorithms and most of the existing approaches in the process of clustering gene expression profiles.
Objective To evaluate the early outcome of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using a Zero-profile implant system (Zero-P) for interbody fusion in the treatment of cervical spondylosis. Methods Between March 2010 and June 2011, 25 patients with cervical spondylosis underwent ACDF with Zero-P. There were 13 males and 12 females with an average age of 44.2 years (range, 26-67 years), including 14 cases of nerve root cervical spondylosis, 6 cases of spinal cervical spondylosis, and 5 cases of mixed cervical spondylosis. The disease duration was 3-120 months (median, 25 months). Single segment was involved in 20 cases, 2 segments in 4 cases, and 3 segments in 1 case. A total of 31 Zero-P were implanted (3 at C3, 4, 8 at C4, 5, 12 at C5, 6, and 8 at C6, 7). Primary cervical operation was performed in 23 cases and re-operation in 2 cases. Before and after operation, the height of intervertebral space and the cervical Cobb angle were measured; clinical outcome was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain in the neck and upper limb, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for myelopathy; and intervertebral fusion and the incidence of dysphagia were also observed. Results All incisions healed by first intention. All the patients were followed up 12-16 months (mean, 13.9 months). Interbody bone fusion was obtained, and the fusion time was 2.7-6.0 months (mean, 3.8 months). Three patients had dysphagia after operation; symptom disappeared at 1 week and 3 months after operation in 2 cases and 1 case, respectively. No fixation loosening, subsidence, or breakage occurred. The height of intervertebral space was significantly improved (P lt; 0.05) from (4.5 ± 0.5) mm at preoperation to (6.0 ± 0.7) mm at 1 week and (5.7 ± 0.6) mm at 12 months after operation; the cervical Cobb angle was significantly improved (P lt; 0.05) from (11.9 ± 6.1)° at preoperation to (21.2 ± 4.1)° at 1 week and (20.2 ± 3.7)° at 12 months after operation; and there was no significant difference between at 1 week and 12 months after operation (P gt; 0.05). The VAS score was significantly reduced (P lt; 0.05) from 7.1 ± 0.8 at preoperation to 1.9 ± 0.8 at 3 months and 1.0 ± 0.5 at 12 months after operation; the JOA score was significantly increased (P lt; 0.05) from 9.6 ± 1.3 at preoperation to 13.5 ± 1.0 at 3 months and 14.9 ± 1.0 at 12 months after operation; and there was significant difference between at 3 months and at 12 months after operation (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion The early outcome of ACDF using a Zero-P in the treatment of cervical spondylosis is satisfactory and reliable, and it can restore and maintain the cervical alignment and disc height, and disc has low incidence of postoperative dysphagia.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress in mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab in treating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. MethodsBy searching Pubmed and CNKI, the literatures of mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab in treating HER2-positive breast cancer were reviewed. ResultsThe possible mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab are thought to include HER2 gene amplification and high protein expression; impaired access of trastuzumab to HER2; bidirectional crosstalk between ER and HER2; HER2 downstream signal transduction pathway activation; expansion expression of other RTKs and membrane-associated receptors; alterations in apoptosis and cell cycle control as well as multi-gene mutation, etc. ConclusionsMechanisms of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer is complicated, a better understanding will be achieved by comprehensive analysis of existing possible mechanisms. The outcome of HER2-positive breast cancer patients who developed resistance to trastuzumab will be improved by appropriate multi-target regime.