Backgroud Chronic hepatitis is the major infectious disease of liver. There is no effective drug for it up to now. Clinical trials have showed that glycyrrhizin have potentional effective for chronic hepatitis. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and economics of glycyrrhizin for chronic hepatitis B and C. Search strategy The search terms include glycyrrhizin and its products’ name, chronic hepatitis and chronic carrier status. The thais registers of the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field, and the central database of The Cochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical CD Database were searched from their date of inception onward. And the free Internet search was operated to find ongoing and unpublished researches. Twenty Chinese medical journals and relevant academic conference proceedings have been searched by manual method. The reference lists of identified documents were checked as the complementary search. Inclusion criteria All randomized trials that tested glycryyhizin for chronic hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection were included in this review. Method of the review According to the principle of Cochrane systematic review, selection of thai for inclusion, assessment of methodological quality, data extraction and data syntheses were conducted by two reviewers.
Background Hepatitis B is one of the major infectious diseases of mankind, and up to now, there is no effective way to handle it. Recent clinical trials have shown the potential advantages of Kurorinone an extract of Chinese herb, in treament of chronic HBV infection. Objectives Systermically review the safety and efficacy of Kurorinone in treatment of chronic HBV infection. Search strategy With the searching terms including Kurorinone, its products’ name, hepatitis B and chronic carrier status, the trials registers of the Cochrane Hepato- Biliary Group, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field, and the central database of the Cochrane Library as well as MEDILINE, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical CD Database were searched from their date of inception onward. 20 Chinese medical journals and relevant academic conference proceedings have been searched by hand. The reference lists of identified documents were checked as the complementary search. Inclusion Criteria All RCTs that tested Kurorinone for chronic HBV infection were included in this review. Method of the review According the demand of Cochrane systematic review, selection of trial for inclusion, assessment of methodological quality, data extraction and data syntheses would be conducted for each included trial.
Background In the latter of 20th century, a global growth in allergic diseases has been witnessed, accompanying with spring-out of therapeutic drugs. However, trials did not clarify the comparative effectiveness and pharmaceutical economics of these agents. Severe adverse drug effects have been reported increasingly in the last few years. These made it difficult for clinical practice and selection of national essential drugs. Objective To assess astemizole, loratadine, cetirizine and tefenadine for allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria in terms of effectiveness, heart-related drug adverse effects and pharmaceutical economics. Search strategy Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Database will be searched. Additional database should be searched for safety and economic studies. Selection Criteria The publication languages are restrained to English and Chinese. 1) Effectiveness: high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic Reviews (SRs)/ meta-analysis for AR and uritcaria are included, with comparisons restrained to among these four drugs; 2) Safety: a hierarchy of evidences of these four drugs for allergic diseases are included. 3) Economical evaluation: cost-effectiveness and cost-utility assessment of these four drugs for AR and urticaria should be included. Methods of review data extraction sheet and quality appraisal table are separately designed. QUOROM STATEMENT and Jadad Scale are applied, respectively, to SRs and RCTs. Two reviewers independently select the studies, appraise the quality and extract the data. Any disagreement is solved by discussion. Data analysis Fixed effect model is first applied. Sensitivity analysis is employed to study the heterogeneity between trials. Randomized effect model is alternatively used when compromised.
Background Mortality and morbidity of acute myocardial infarction remains high. Intravenous magnesium started early after the onset of myocardial infarction is a promising adjunctive treatment that may limit infarct size, prevent serious arrhythmias, and reduce mortality. Several earlier trials and meta-analyses demonstrated a mortality rate reduction with magnesium treatment, but one mega trial found no benefit. Objective To examine the effect of intravenous magnesium versus control on early mortality and morbidity, stratified by time since onset of symptoms (lt;6 hours, 6+ hours), use of thrombolysis (used, not used), dose of magnesium used (lt;75 mmol, 75+ mmol). Search strategy We search the Cochrane controlled trial register (CCTR) of Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase. We also search Chinese Biomedical Disk (CBM disk) to identify the Chinese trials. Each database will be searched from its starting date to the first-half year of 2002. Selection criteria All randomized controlled trials that compared intravenous magnesium with placebo in the presence or absence of fibrolytic therapy in addition to routine treatment are eligible if they reported mortality and clinical events within 35 days of onset, regardless of language. Methods of review A data abstraction form will be specifically developed to extract information from the eligible articles. The quality assessment of RCT will be focused on method of treatment assignment, blinding of participants and investigators, control of selection bias after treatment assignment. The selection of studies, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality will be performed independently by two reviewers. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion, when necessary, in consultation with a third reviewer. Publication bias, heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis will be performed. The odds ratio (OR) will be used to pooling the effect if appropriate.
Background AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has become the most devastating disease which humankind has ever encountered. Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through blood, sexual behavior and mother-to-baby, with more efficient transmission through blood transfusion. HIV risk among blood transfusion was severe due to lack of effective and correctly applied screening method and rigorous management, especially in some developing countries. Since the first HIV screening reagent was approved by FDA to screen the blood in 1985, the fourth generation test has been produced till now. Initially, HIV test was primarily used to screen the blood supply, it also became an important aspect of HIV prevention, especially screening among people donating blood. Today, HIV testing is seen as an integral part of both the nation’s prevention and treatment efforts. Objective To assess the effectiveness of any intervention tests for HIV screening among people donating blood, and find appropriate tests for HIV screening to decrease the risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion. Search strategy MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL/CCTR), AIDSLINE, EMBASE, CBM were be searched with the terms: "HIV", "AIDS", "screening", "test", "blood donor", "blood bank" and the detailed screening method. The websites of WHO, UNAIDS, CDC, FDA, and their related links were searched. Letters were mailed to various agencies and experts in this field to acquire unpublished reports. Inclusion criteria RCT and CCT for screening HIV among blood. donors will be included. Observational studies such as cohort studies, cased-control studies, and historical controlled studies will be used for sensitivity analysis. Method of the review According to the principles of Cochrane Review, selection of trials for inclusion, quality assessment of studies, data extraction and syntheses were conducted by reviewers.
【Abstract】Objective To study the difference of telomerase activity in the common thyroid lesions . Methods The telomerase activity was detected in 19 patients with thyroid carcinomas, 15 samples adjacent to thyroid carcinomas，21 specimens of thyromas, 17 cases of nodular goiters and 13 pieces of normal thyroid tissues by telomeric repeat amplification protocol（TRAP). Results Eighteen of 19 samples of thyroid carcinoma, 1 of 15 samples adjacent to the cancer and 1 of 21 adenoma of the thyroid specimens showed positive telomerase activity, all 17 cases of nodular goiters and 18 samples of normal thyroid tissues exhibited negative telomerase activity, and the rate of positive telomerase activity of thyroid carcinomas was significantly higher than that of the other tissues (P＜0.0001). Conclusion The telomerase is an important qualitative marker of thyroid carcinoma and a useful index in differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions.
Objective To investigate the consistency of regions of interest (ROI) volume among different radiological treatment planning systems (TPS) for the same group of patient data, and analyze the tendency and degree of differences caused by data transfer. Methods Between October 2010 and December 2013, the data of 10 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated in West China Hospital were transferred from Monaco TPS into various other treatment planning systems. Based on different ROI volumes, they were divided into 8 groups. We counted the volume differences between these TPS and Monaco TPS, and carried out the statistical analysis. Results For small ROI volume, the calculated difference reached up to 65% in our study. As a general trend, differences became less and less with the increasing of volumes. But for single ROI, the volume difference was likely to vary randomly. The percentage of ROI volumes which were smaller than that of Monaco TPS was 70% for Raystation TPS, 38.75% for Pinnacle TPS, 88.75% for Eclipse TPS, 97.5% for Masterplan TPS, and 83.13% for iPlan TPS. Conclusions ROI volume differences exist generally among different treatment planning systems when ROIs are transferred among them by DICOM protocol. The volume variations may be affected by multiple factors. The volume consistency should be evaluated before any direct comparison of dose volu me histogram parameters which are done between different systems.
Real-time free breathing cardiac cine imaging is a reproducible method with shorter acquisition time and without breath-hold for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. However, the detection of end-diastole and end-systole frames of real-time free breathing cardiac cine imaging for left ventricle function analysis is commonly completed by visual identification, which is time-consuming and laborious. In order to save processing time, we propose a method for semi-automatic identification of end-diastole and end-systole frames. The method fits respiratory motion signal and acquires the expiration phase, end-diastole and end-systole frames by cross correlation coefficient. The procedure successfully worked on ten healthy volunteers and validated by the analysis of left ventricle function compared to the standard breath-hold steady-state free precession cardiac cine imaging without any significant statistical differences. The results demonstrated that the present method could correctly detect end-diastole and end-systole frames. In the future, this technique may be used for rapid left ventricle function analysis in clinic.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of nursing-implemented sedation protocol on outcomes of mechanical ventilation and sedation in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. MethodsWe searched EMbase (Ovid), The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP to collect studies on nursing-implemented sedation protocol up to January 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 2118 patients (1 037 were in the intervention group, and 1 081 were in the control group) were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that nursing-implemented sedation protocol could reduce the total dosage of midazolam (MD=-163.82, 95%CI -309.81 to -17.84, P=0.03), the daily dosage of midazolam (MD=-37.22, 95%CI -61.14 to -13.29, P<0.01), and the incidence rate of VAP (RR=0.53, 95%CI 0.34 to 0.81, P<0.01). However, nursing-implemented sedation protocol had no effects on the length of mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay, and self-extubation. ConclusionCompared with the usual sedation management, nursing-implemented sedation protocol can reduce the dosage of midazolam and the incidence rate of VAP. But no statistical significances are found in the length of mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU and the incidence rate of self-extubation.
ObjectiveTo investigate effects of vitamin K2 in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. MethodsHuman hepatocellular carcinoma PLC/RAF/5 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to vitamin K2 (10 μmol/L) and 5-FU (10 μg/mL) alone or in combination for 24 h. The cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness were measured by CCK-8 assay, wound-scratch assay, and Matrigel invasion chamber assay, respectively. ResultsThe abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion of PLC/RAF/5 cells were significantly decreased after either alone vitamin K2 or 5-FU treatment (all P<0.05) as compared with the control cells, and above effects were further enhanced by the vitamin K2 in combination with 5-FU treatment as compared with either alone drug treatment (all P<0.05). ConclusionCombination use of vitamin K2 and 5-FU might be an effective method for inhibiting growth, migration, and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.