Objective To evaluate the efficacy, safety and economical values of nucleic acid/nueleotides for clinical nutritional support and immune treatment. Methods The following electronic databases were searched: Chinese Biomedicine database (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCI. Data were extracted by two reviewers. Applied RevMan 4.1 for statistical analyse. Results Forty-six randomized controlled trials were identified, involving nucleic acids/nucleotides for clinical nutritional support, infant feed, immune treatment. Eighteen randomized trials comparing the use of immunonutrition which comprises nucleotides with standard enteral nutrition in surgical and critical ill patients. Combined analysis directed that immunonutrition therapy decrease infection events, length of hospitalization and the cost. Only one trial reported the effects of adding nucleotides to breast milk substitute, but there is no valuable results for clinical practice. Twenty-seven low quality trials compared the use of "immune RNA (iRNA)" with standard methods in hepatitis, carcinoma and burn patients, combined analysis directed that there are not valid evidences to confirm the value of iRNA. Conclusions Immunonutrition may decrease infection rates, length of hospitalisation and cost in surgery and critical ill patients, but we can not affirm the role of the nucleotides in irmnunonutrition. No evidences support the point of adding nucteotides in breast milk substitute. Also, we can not affirm the role of iRNA in clinical immune regulation treatment. There are no available evidences in nucleic acids for caducity prevention and improvement of aging people’s health. Consequently, we advice Chinese health officials to enhance the management for applying "nucleic acids nutrients".
Objective To establish a beta 2 adrenergic receptor ( β2 R) down-regulative asthmatic model, to explore the mechanism of β2 R down-regulation and effectiveness of corticosteroids. Methods Thirty-two BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, ie. a control group, an asthmatic group, a β2R downregulative group, and a dexamethasone group. The asthmatic group, the β2 R down-regulative group and the dexamethasone group were sensitized on 0th, 14th and 21th day by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin ( OVA) together with aluminumhydroxide in a total volume of 200 μL. Fromthe 28th day on, the mice were challenged with an aerosol of 1% OVA( W/V) in saline using an ultrasonic nebulizer 30 min/d for a week.The β2 R down-regulative group and the dexamethasone group underwent the same procedure as the asthmatic group besides daily intraperitoneal injection of 60 μg salbutamol and inhaling an aerosol of 0. 01%salbutamol 30 min/d for a week half an hour before challenged with OVA. The dexamethasone group was injected dexamethasone 5 mg·kg- 1·d - 1 for a week by intraperitoneal injection on the basis of OVA challenge and salbutamol intervention. The control group was sensitized and challenged with PBS. Airway resistance was measured by plethysmography. IL-4 and IFN-γlevels in BALF, and total IgE concentration in serum were measured by ELISA. Total and differential cell counts in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid ( BALF)were measured. Total amount and number of β2 R in lung tissue were evaluated by immune blotting analysis and radioligand receptor binding assay, respectively. Results Compared to the control group and the dexamethasone group, airway resistance of the asthmatic group and the β2 R down-regulative group increasedobviously provocated by a high dose of acetylcholine ( P lt;0. 01) . Eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte counts in BALF, IL-4 level in BALF, and total IgE in serumincreased significantly also ( P lt;0. 01) , while IFN-γin BALF decreased significantly. Compared to the control group, the asthmatic group and the dexamethasonegroup, the total amount and number of β2 R significantly decreased in the β2 R down-regulative group ( P lt;0. 01) , while no significant difference was found among the control group, the asthmatic group and the dexamethasone group. Conclusions β2 R down-regulative asthmatic model can be successfully establishedby peritoneal injection and inhalation of salbutamol on the basis of OVA sensitization and challenge.Dexamethasone can prevent the down-regulation of β2 R.
Objective To screen the possible regulatory proteins showing the ability for interaction with serum response factor ( SRF) in the progress of myofibroblast activation, and to see if the proteinprotein interaction is contributing to induce the expression of smooth muscle αactin ( α-SMA) . Methods Phage display cDNA libraries were constructed from the transdifferentiated airway epithelial cells and parental cells. Phage clones were then selectively amplified during the biopanning procedure by using SRF as a bait protein for the two cDNA libraries. Following four rounds of biopanning, recovered cDNAs were sequenced and the obtained sequences were aligned by BLAST tool to select the candidate gene. PAI-RBP1 of the candidate gene was cloned and sub-cloned into pcDNA3. 0 plasmid. Transient transfection and RT-PCR analysis were performed for investigation of the expression of α-SMA. Results Three candidate proteinbinding partners, PAI-RBP1, Nucleolin, and HF1OO, were identified. Among them, PAI-RBP1 pcDNA3. 0 plasmid was subjected to transient co-transfection with SRF, showing up-regulation of α-SMA expression. Conclusions Combined with phage display technique, through protein-protein interaction between core transcription factor and unknown proteins to find a newtranscriptional regulator may serve as an effective strategy. Three novel SRF binding proteins were found from transdifferentiated cells. This study indicates that PAI-RBP1 involves in the activation of myofibroblast by induction of α-SMA expression.
ObjectiveTo detect the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in immunostimulated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to seek for the supplying of the arginine, a substrate for NOS; as well as the effects of produced NO on the tight junction of RPE-J cells. MethodsRat′s RPE-J cells were treated with interferon-γ(INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Northern and Western blotting were applied to analyze the expression of the citrulline-NO cycle enzymes and related enzymes and the effect of dexamethasone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) on the expression of iNOS. Immunocytochemistry reaction and Western blotting were used to evaluate the effect of produced NO on the tight junctions of RPE-J cells.ResultsiNOS and argininosuccinate synthetase (AS) were highly induced at both mRNA and protection levels in immunostimulated RPE cells while arginiosuccinate lyase (AL) was not induced. NO was produced by cells after stimulation with TNFα, IFNγ and LPS. The induction of iNOS mRNA and the production of NO by these immunostimulated cells was further enhanced by cAMP. NO was produced from citrulline as well as from arginine. And the produced NO impaired the tight junction of RPE-J cells, decreased the production of tight junction related protein ZO-1.ConclusionIn activated RPE-J cells, citrullinearginine recycling is important for NO production, and the produced NO weakened the function of tight junction of RPE-J cells.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:32-36)
Objective To investigate the effect of the 8-bromum-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) on the telomerase activity and changes of cell cycle in retinoblastoma （RB） cells. Methods The cultured RB cells were divided into the experimental group (8-Br-cAMP) and control group. After cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hours in vitro, the telomerase activity of RB cells was detected by polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) and the changes of cell cycle were detected by flow-cytometry. Results The difference of telomerase activity was significant between the experimental groups and control group (Plt;0.01). There was a negative correlation between the A value of absorbance and the time in the experimental groups (r=-0.778 9, F=33.936, Plt;0.01). The changes of the cell cycle were that the percentages increased in G1 phase and decreased in S phases. Conclusion 8-Br-cAMP may weaken telomerase activity, affect the cell cycle, and inhibit the proliferation of RB cells. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：358-360)
Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of immunonutrient ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and its applications in organ transplantation. Methods Relevant literatures of recent years were reviewed. Results The immunoregulatory effects of ω-3 PUFA can inhibit proliferation and activation of the immunocompetent cells including T cell and B cell, reduce cytokine production, modulate immunologic response, improve graft function, pro-long survival, reduce episodes of rejection, and lessen adverse reactions of immunosuppressor.Conclusion ω-3 PUFA should have wide applications in organ transplantation due to its immunoregulatory effects. However, this research should be further studied.
Objective To elucidate the role of the transcription factor liver activator protein (LAP, a member of the C/EBP family) in the expression of α1(I) collagen gene in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Methods Rat HSCs were prepared from SD rats by in situ perfusion and singlestep density Nycodenz gradient. Two chimeric luciferase reporter gene plasmids containing the human collagen α1(I) gene promoter fragments (-804～+1 452 or -804～+222) were constructed. Culture-activated HSCs were co-transfected with the reporter gene contructs and mammalian vector expressing LAP using the cationic-liposome mediated method, and the promoter activity was determined by measuring luciferase activity. Results The luciferase reporter gene construct containing the first intron of α1(I) collagen gene (-804～+1 452, was called as PGL3-col) had a higher level of gene expression, as compared with the construct lacking the first intron 〔was called as PGL3-col (△intron)-in activated HSCs (315±45 U/mg protein vs 220±70 U/mg protein, Ｐ＜0.05). Transient transfection of the vector expressing LAP significantly increased basal transcription from PGL3-col and PGL3-col (△intron) reporter gene vectors (587±62 U/mg protein vs 315±45 U/mg protein and 326±52 U/mg protein vs 220±70 U/mg protein respectively, both Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion The transcription factor LAP transactivates collagen α1(I) gene in activated HSCs, and the first intron is important for α1(I) collagen gene transcription activity in activated HSCs.
As an important component of the event related potential (ERP), late positive potential (LPP) is an ideal component for studying emotion regulation. This study was focused on processing and analysing the LPP component of the emotional cognitive reappraisal electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Firstly, we used independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm to remove electrooculogram, electromyogram and some other artifacts based on 16 subjects' EEG data by using EGI 64-channal EEG acquisition system. Secondly, we processed feature extraction of the EEG signal at Pz electrode by using one versus the rest common spatial patterns (OVR-CSP) algorithm. Finally, the extracted LPP component was analysed both in time domain and spatial domain. The results indicated that ① From the perspective of amplitude comparison, the LPP amplitude, which was induced by cognitive reappraisal, was much higher than the amplitude under the condition of watching neural stimuli, but lower than the amplitude under condition of watching negative stimuli; ② from the perspective of time process, the difference between cognitive reappraisal and watching after processing with OVR-CSP algorithm was in the process of range between 0.3 s and 1.5 s; but the difference between cognitive reappraisal and watching after processing with averaging method was during the process between 0.3 s and 1.25 s. The results suggested that OVR-CSP algorithm could not only accurately extract the LPP component with fewer trials compared with averaging method so that it provided a better method for the follow-up study of cognitive reappraisal strategy, but also provide neurophysiological basis for cognitive reappraisal in emotional regulation.
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability for its regeneration and injured tissue repair. This ability depends on the activity and contributions of muscle satellite cells. Proliferating satellite cells, termed myogenic precursor cells or myoblasts, are activated and driven out of their quiescent state upon muscle injury. In this summary, we present a review to summarize the molecular regulation in skeletal satellite cells to light on the satellite cells' self-renewal mechanism.
The capsule endoscope swallowed from the mouth into the digestive system can capture the images of important gastrointestinal tract regions. It can compensate for the blind spot of traditional endoscopic techniques. It enables inspection of the digestive system without discomfort or need for sedation. However, currently available clinical capsule endoscope has some limitations such as the diagnostic information being not able to correspond to the orientation in the body, since the doctor is unable to control the capsule motion and orientation. To solve the problem, it is significant to track the position and orientation of the capsule in the human body. This study presents an AC excitation wireless tracking method in the capsule endoscope, and the sensor embedded in the capsule can measure the magnetic field generated by excitation coil. And then the position and orientation of the capsule can be obtained by solving a magnetic field inverse problem. Since the magnetic field decays with distance dramatically, the dynamic range of the received signal spans three orders of magnitude, we designed an adjustable alternating magnetic field generating device. The device can adjust the strength of the alternating magnetic field automatically through the feedback signal from the sensor. The prototype experiment showed that the adjustable magnetic field generating device was feasible. It could realize the automatic adjustment of the magnetic field strength successfully, and improve the tracking accuracy.