Objective To examine the adrenal function of critically ill patients received mechanical ventilation, and explore the relationship between the occurrence of relative adrenal insufficiency ( RAI) and weaning outcome.Methods Critically ill patients who were mechanically ventilated over 48 hours were enrolled in this study. Every patient was given one shot of corticotrophin 250 μg intravenously on the first day of admission and the first day of spontaneous-breathing-trial ( SBT) . Plasma contisol level was detected by radio-immunoassay before ( T0 ) and 30 minutes ( T30 ) after the shot. Meanwhile the following parameters were recorded including APACHEⅡ, age, and cause of disease, etc. RAI was defined as the difference between T0 and T30 ≤9 μg/dL. Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the indicators towards the weaning outcome. Results A total of 45 patients with mechanical ventilation were recruited. The successful weaning group consisted 29 patients and the failure weaning group consisted 16 patients. The incidence of RAI in the successful weaning group ( 37.9% , 11/ 29) was significantly lower than that in the failure weaning group ( 75.0% , 12 /16) ( P=0. 017) . On the first day of admission, there was no significant difference of Δcortisol between the successful weaning group and the failure weaning group [ ( 10.3 ±5.7) μg/dL vs. ( 7.5 ±4.5) μg/dL, P=0.100) . On the first SBT day, Δcortisol of the successful weaning group was significantly higher than that in the failure weaning group [ ( 10.9 ±5.1) μg/dL vs. ( 4.9 ±2.9) μg/dL, P= 0.043] . Logistic regression analysis showed that Δcortisol was an independent risk factor of weaning. ROC curve analysis showed that on the first SBT day, the area under the curve of Δcortisol was 0.872; The sensitivity and the specificity of accurate judgmentwere 0.813 and 0.828 if Δcortisol ≤6. 95 μg/dL. Conclusions The occurrence of RAI is common in critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation. The adrenal function affects the outcome of weaning, and Δcortisol may be used as an important predictive indicator for weaning outcome.
ObjectiveTo observe whether proteinuria is relate to the decline of residual renal function (RRF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study including 45 PD patients (underwent PD between January 2011 and January 2013) with a 12-month follow-up. All the patients were divided into 2 groups with respect to the initial proteinuria level: massive proteinuria group A (n=20) and non-massive proteinuria group B (n=25) at baseline. We established regression models to do univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of the relationship between the decline of RRF≥50% of baseline and the indices of age, sex, PD-associated peritonitis, baseliner residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR), initial proteinuria, and use of ACEI/ARB. ResultsThe primary outcome (RRF>50% of baseline) at 12 months was 65% in group A, and 80% in group B (P<0.05). Based both on the results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, non-massive proteinuria and higher rGFR at baseline were factors to protect RRF from decline (P<0.05). ConclusionThe study demonstrates that massive proteinuria and lower rGFR at baseline may be associated with a rapid decline of RRF in PD patients. Treatment aimed at reducing albuminuria may lead to protect RRF and improve life quality of patients.
Objective To measure the rate of changes of the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and serum urea nitrogen (N), serum creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) patients before and after surgery, and to explore the prognostic significance of the rate of changes. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 77 AAAD patients' clinical data between August 2015 and March 2016 from the department of the cardiothoracic surgery in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. There were 57 males and 20 females with an average age of 51.1±13.1 years. The test results of cTnT, N, Cr, eGFR were recorded. Patients were divided into three groups based on the duration of ventilation: less than 48 hours, 48 hours to 7 days, longer than 7 days, and divided into two groups based on whether postoperative dialysis was performed: dialysis group and non-dialysis group. Results In the groups with different duration of ventilation, the rate of cTnT change differed significantly. The rate of Cr and eGFR change in the group with the duration of ventilation longer than 7 days showed significantly different compared to other two groups. We found that the rate of Cr and eGFR change were statistically significant between the dialysis group and the non-dialysis group. In the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the optimal cut-off value of the Cr growth rate for predicting postoperative dialysis therapy was 58.1%, and the optimal cut-off value of the eGFR decline rate was 45.5%. Conclusion The rate of changes in cTnT, N, Cr and eGFR can be used as a reliable mean to evaluate respiratory and renal function for AAAD patients in the early stage, which will facilitate an early assessment of the prognosis of AAAD patients.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the involvement of renal artery in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) using CT angiography (CTA) and to analyze the difference of renal function among different types of renal artery involvement.MethodsFrom January 2016 to November 2017, 151 patients of acute TAAD with renal artery involvement were included in the study. There were 118 males and 33 females, with an average age of 47.93±10.53 years. All patients underwent aortic CTA to confirm the TAAD. According to CTA, involvement of one side of renal artery can be divided into four types: type A, large tear near renal artery orifice, difficult to distinguish true or false lumen; type B, the orifice of the renal artery originates entirely from the false lumen; type C, the orifice of the renal artery originates entirely from the true lumen; type D, renal artery dissection is observed, renal artery intima can be seen. The levels of serum creatinine (sCr) and creatinine clearance (CC) in all groups were analyzed and compared. ResultsThe results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant difference in sCr or CC among the groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in age, sex, proportion of hypertension history and onset time among the above groups (P>0.05).ConclusionThe three most common types of renal artery involvement were BC type, CC type, and AC type. The types of renal artery involvement do not affect renal function.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now recognized as a worldwide public health challenge, and the incidence rate and hospitalization rate have significantly increased in recent years. Without prompt diagnoses and effective treatment in the early renal function damage of CKD, the symptoms will continue to worsen and eventually develop into end-stage renal disease. Functional imaging techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computerized tomography perfusion (CTP), and magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging (MR-PWI) could be used to quantitatively analyze renal perfusion and renal filtration function. Their diagnostic values are increasingly evident and have become the research hotspot in evaluating renal function. The aim of this review is to briefly evaluate the research and application advances in the early renal function damage assessment of CKD, so as to raise the efficiency of clinical applications.
Chronic kidney diease has a high incidence. It is a major disease that seriously endangers human health. The integrated management of chronic kidney disease, through etiological treatment of chronic kidney disease, delaying the deterioration of renal function, and the combination of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation for end-stage kidney disease treatment, is a scientific and effective full-course management of chronic kidney disease. The integrated management of chronic kidney disease is the key to reduce the mortality and disability rates. At the same time, it is a more important and far-reaching task to emphasize early popularization of science, screening, prevention and intervention to reduce the incidence of kidney disease.
ObjectiveTo compare the perioperative renal function changes in patients undergoing heart transplantation (HT) and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. MethodsPatients with end-stage heart failure who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to April 2024 were included. According to the surgical method, patients were divided into a HT group and a LVAD group, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of patients before surgery and postoperative 1, 7, 30, 60 days was compared between the two groups. The patients with preoperative renal dysfunction were subdivided into subgroups for comparison of eGFR changes before surgery and 30 days after surgery between the two groups. ResultsA total of 112 patients were enrolled. There were 78 patients in the HT group, including 61 males and 17 females, aged (44.42±18.51) years. There were 34 patients in the LVAD group, including 30 males and 4 females, aged (54.94±11.37) years. Compared with the HT group, the average age of patients in the LVAD group was greater (P<0.001), body mass index was higher (P=0.008), preoperative eGFR was lower (P=0.009), and the proportions of smokers (P=0.017), alcohol drinkers (P=0.041), and diabetes mellitus (P=0.028) patients were higher. Among patients with preoperative renal dysfunction [eGFR<90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)], compared with the HT group, the postoperative eGFR of the LVAD group was significantly higher than that of the HT group, and it was significantly increased compared with that before surgery; the postoperative eGFR of the HT group was comparable to that before surgery, and more than half of the patients had a lower eGFR than before surgery. Among patients with preoperative renal dysfunction, 11 patients in the HT group received continuous renal replacement therapy, and 8 died early; 2 patients in the LVAD group received continuous renal replacement therapy, and 1 died early. ConclusionFor end-stage heart failure patients with combined renal dysfunction, compared with HT, LVAD implantation enables patients to obtain better renal function benefits.