Objective To calculate the typical time taken to complete protocols and reviews, to track how often reviews are updated and compare with Collaboration policies, to feed back any gaps in documentation of dates to individual Cochrane Collaborative Review Groups, and to suggest changes to presentation of reviews and to editorial processes.Methods Data were extracted either from The Cochrane Library or a specially constructed database to calculate the age of reviews and protocols, and the frequency of updating of reviews. Issue 1, 2003, with 1 596 reviews and 1 200 protocols, was used as the index issue.Results Median number of issues between a protocol and its completed review being published on The Cochrane Library is 5 (1.25 years). 65% of protocols have appeared on The Cochrane Library for no longer than two years, but the number of protocols more than two years old is probably increasing. One-third of reviews have been substantively updated, but generally only once and often within several months of the first publication of the review. The number of out-of-date reviews is probably increasing. Conclusions While the stage between publishing a protocol and the completed review is usually completed in no longer than two years, the number of out-of-date reviews and protocols requires continuing attention. How up-to-date a review is depends on when the evidence base was last searched and when additional relevant evidence has been integrated into the review. This needs to be reflected in the information provided to readers of Cochrane Reviews and some alternative ways of presenting the components of this information are given. More accurate and complete reporting will also allow the Collaboration to track progress against policy.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the main treatment for elderly patients with middle and high risk aortic stenosis. However, coronary artery occlusion (CAO) related to TAVI is a very serious complication, which often leads to poor prognosis. Therefore, active preoperative prevention is particularly important. Preoperative computed tomography evaluation, bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration and chimney stent implantation technology can prevent TAVI-related coronary orifice obstruction. Ensuring commissural alignment during operation can reduce the occurrence of coronary occlusion, but its long-term prognosis needs further study. In addition, percutaneous coronary intervention is the main treatment, but there are problems such as difficult coronary access after TAVI. This article summarized the research progress in the mechanism, prevention and treatment of CAO related to TAVI.
ObjectiveTo understand the interplay between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T lymphocytes, as well as the effect on the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) again, so that providing new ideas and methods for the immunotherapy of HCC.MethodSearched the literatures about the interplay between TAMs and T lymphocytes in HCC to analyze and summarize the relationship between TAMs and T lymphocytes in HCC.ResultsWhile TAMs and T lymphocytes themselves regulate the process of tumorigenesis and development, they also had a mutual regulatory mechanism to further promote the development of HCC.ConclusionsThere is an interaction between TAMs and T lymphocytes, and this interaction forms a vicious circle to a large extent and promotes the development of HCC. Recognizing and making rational use of this interaction can provide new ideas and methods for the future immunotherapy of HCC.
The robotic bronchoscopy system is a new technology for lung lesion location, biopsy and interventional therapy. Its safety and effectiveness have been clinically proven. Based on many advanced technologies carried by the robotic bronchoscopy system, it is more intelligent, convenient and stable when clinicians perform bronchoscopy operations. It has higher accuracy and diagnostic rates, and less complications than bronchoscopy with the assistance of magnetic navigation and ordinary bronchoscopy. This article gave a review of the progress of robotic bronchoscopy systems, and a prospect of the combination with artificial intelligence.
Objective To assess effectiveness of chemotherapy versus non-chemotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Methods We searched MEDLINE (1966 to Dec. 2008), EMBASE (1984 to Dec. 2008), OVID (1980 to Dec. 2008), CBMdisc (1980 to Dec. 2008), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We also handsearched Journal of Chinese Oncology, Journal of Chinese Clinical Oncology, and Tumor (from inception to Dec. 2008). The quality of the included studies was evaluated by two reviewers independently and meta-analysis was performed for results of the homogenous studies. Results Six studies involving 836 participants related to primary, high grade, nonmetastatic soft tissue sarcoma were included. All included studies were unclear in reporting randomization and blinding; all studies reported the number and the reason of withdraw; and baseline conditions of all studies were compared. The results of meta-analyses showed that there were no significant differences in 5-year overal survival (RR=0.90, 95%CI0.76 to 1.06), local recurrence (OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.36 to 1.32), distant recurrence (OR=0.83, 95%CI 0.62 to 1.11), and overall recurrence (RR=0.91, 95%CI 0.78 to 1.06) between the chemotherapy group and the control group. But as to 5-year disease-free survival, the chemotherapy group was better than the control group (RR=0.73, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.86). Conclusion There is no advantage for the chemotherapy group over the control group in 5-year overal survival, local recurrence, distant recurrence and overall recurrence. Due to the risk of selection bias, performance bias and published bias, the evidence is not b enough to judge whether chemotherapy is better than control in treating soft tissue sarcoma. Our conclusion suggests that larger-scale randomized trials should be performed in future.
ObjectiveTo investigate the anatomy and function of pectoralis fascia in breast cancer operation, and the choice of resection and preservation of pectoralis fascia in different operation methods.MethodWe searched the articles related to pectoralis fascia and breast cancer through PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, WanFang Medical Network, SinoMed, and other databases, and then selected the Chinese and foreign articles that met the objective of this paper, and made an review after reading the articles.ResultsIn the immediate breast reconstruction of breast prosthesis after breast cancer operation, the preservation of pectoralis fascia was beneficial to the complete coverage of breast prosthesis and improved the cosmetic effect after operation. The purpose of preserving pectoralis fascia adipose tissue in breast-conserving surgery was to reduce the loss of breast volume and to pursue the cosmetic effect after operation. At present, there had been reports on the safety of pectoralis fascia oncology, but there was no final conclusion on the safe distance between tumor and pectoralis fascia, and the current research could not provide sufficient evidence for the preservation of pectoralis fascia.ConclusionsThe question of whether the pectoralis fascia needs to be removed in breast cancer surgery is still controversial. The preservation of pectoralis fascia is more for better immediate breast reconstruction after operation. However, the current evidence of evidence-based medicine is not sufficient. Clinicians need to conduct multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trials to improve the evidence.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a series of structural cardiac abnormalities resulting from abnormal fetal heart development. With the prolongation of survival time, their cognitive function problems begin to be concerned. From fetus period to adulthood, people with complex CHD are more likely to have abnormalities in brains. Children with complex CHD have a significantly increased risk of developmental disorders in cognitive functions, such as intelligence, attention and psychosocial disorders. These diseases persist into their adulthood. Adults with CHD have earlier neurocognitive decline, poorer performance in intelligence, executive function, attention and academic achievement, and are more likely to have mood disorders, higher incidence of mental disorders and lower quality of life. This paper reviews the studies on cognitive function of adult patients with CHD from the dimension of the whole life cycle.
In recent years, atezolizumab, a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown clinical efficacies against many different solid malignancies. In late October 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to atezolizumab for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy. With the development of clinical trials, the applications of atezolizumab in lung cancer treatment have gradually expanded. In this review, we summarized the current clinical status of atezolizumab in the treatment of lung cancer.