ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of Snail and N-cadherin protein in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) tissues and cell lines, and then discuss the clinical value of Snail and N-cadherin expressions. MethodsImmunohis-tochemical SP technique was performed to detect the expressions of Snail and N-cadherin protein in 60 cases of PTC, and the relation between the expression of Snail or N-cadherin and clinicopathologic indicators was analyzed. Western blot was used to investigate the constitutive and inducible expressions of Snail and N-cadherin protein. Results①The positive rates of Snail and N-cadherin protein expressions were 85.0% (51/60) and 78.3% (47/60) respectively in the PTC tissues of 60 patients with PTC, which were significantly higher than those (0, 0, respectively) in the corresponding normal tissues adjacent to the cancer (P < 0.01).②The positive rates of Snail and N-cadherin protein expressions in the PTC with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in the PTC without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), which were not related with the gender, age, tumor size of the patients (P > 0.01).③There was a positive correlation between Snail and N-cadherin protein positive expression (rs=0.721, P < 0.001).④The constitutive and inducible expressions of Snail and N-cadherin in the PTC tissues and cell lines further were identified by Western blot. ConclusionsSnail and N-cadherin could constitutively express in PTC, which might play important roles in the development and metastasis of PTC. Snail and N-cadherin might be used as effective indicators.
Objective To explore the manifestations and features of multi-slice spiral CT （MSCT） in the diagnosisof papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）. Methods Preoperative MSCT data of 35 cases of PTC proved by operation and pathology in our hospital form May. to Jun. in 2013 were observed retrospectively， to analyze the manifestations and characteristics of MSCT for it. Results Of 35 patients with PTC， MSCT totally showed 48 lesions， 68.6% （24/35） of patients with single lesion， 31.4% （11/35） of patients with 2-3 lesions， and 62.9% （22/35） of patients with lymph node metastasis. Of the 48 lesions， 29.2% （14/48） of lesions located in the left lobe， 70.8% （34/48） of lesions located in the right lobe；the lesions’ maximum diameter were 0.4-5.8cm， with the average maximum diameter of 1.3cm. There were 39.6% （19/48） of lesions with uneven density， 25.0% （12/48） of lesions with irregular shape， 47.9% （23/48） of lesions with blurred edges， 18.8% （9/48） of lesions had papillary enhanced tumor nodules， 10.4% （5/48） of lesions had peritumoral incomplete enhanced ring sign， 22.9% （11/48） of lesions invaded surrounding tissue or organs. There were 35.4% （17/48） of lesions had calcification， in which 76.4% （13/17） of lesions were fine granular calcification， 11.8% （2/17） of lesions were mixed calcification， and 11.8% （2/17） of lesions were coarse calcification. Conclusion MSCT manifestations of PTC have certain characteristics， which can provide imaging basis for clinical treatment options.
Objective To investigate influence of iodine-131 (131I) treatment following total thyroidectomy on menstrual rhythm and fertility of childbearing age patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The clinical data of 342 childbearing age patients with PTC treated with total thyroidectomy from January 2007 to December 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were designed to 131I treatment group (126 cases) and non-131I treatment group (216 cases) according to the postoperative treatment. The menstrual rhythm and pregnancy after operation were regularly followed-up on postoperative 1 month. The age, nationality, occupation, menstrual rhythm, and pregnancy were analyzed by two independent samples t or Chi-square or Fisher test. Results ① There were no significant differences in the age, nationality, and occupation between the 131I treatment group and the non-131I treatment group (P>0.05). ② Compared with the non-131I treatment group, the proportions of the irregular menstruation were significantly increased on the 1st month and 3rd month of follow-up (P<0.05) in the131I treatment group, which had no statistically significant differences on the 6th month and 12th month of follow-up in two groups (P>0.05). Further the analysis results of the age stratification showed that had no significant differences at different follow-up time in these two groups (P>0.05). ③ The success rate of pregnancy also had no significant differences in these two groups both in the general and the age stratification analysis results (P>0.05). Conclusions 131I treatment following total thyroidectomy can affect menstrual rhythm of women in childbearing age at the early stage (within 6 months), but there is no abnormal menstruation on 6 months later, which dosen’t effect on pregnancy in women of childbearing age, and it is recommended that pregnancy should be renewed in 1-year after 131I treatment.
Objective To assess the applied significance of carbon nanoparticles in central compartment lymph node dissection in treatment of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods Sixty-eight patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma who were treated in Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from May. to Oct. in 2012 were randomly allocated to the control group （n=32） and the carbon nanoparticles trace group （tracer group， n=36）， receiving non-carbon nanoparticles trace and carbon nanoparticles trace respectively. All patients were received total resection of thyroid plus the affected side and （or） contralateral side central compartment lymph node dissection. The lymph node-related indexes（including number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵarea and lymph node metastasis rate at Ⅵarea） and operative indexs （including operation time， blood loss， drainage time， complication， and hospital stay） were collected and compared between the 2 groups. Results There were 205 and 324 dissected lymph node at central compartment in control group and tracer group respectively. The results of postoperative pathology showed that the number of lymph node in central compartment of the tracer group was much more than those of control group （8.99±2.24 vs. 6.41±1.56， P＜0.001）. The metastasis rate of central compartment lymph node were 40.6% （13/32） in control group and 47.2% （17/36） in tracer group， but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups （P=0.762）. But in medial area of laryngeal recurrent nerve， the metastasis rate in the tracer group （38.9%， 14/36） was much higher than those of control group （12.5%， 4/32）， P=0.029. There were no significant differences in the operation time， blood loss， drainage time， hospital stay， and complication incidence such as bleeding， temporary hypocalcemia， and injury of superior laryngeal nerve between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. All the patients in 2 groups had followed-up for 6 months without death， recurrence， and metastasis.Conclusions The lymphatic tracer technique of carbon nanoparticles may improve the number of dissected lymph nodes in central region of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma， without increasing （or prolonging） operation time， intraoperative blood loss， and postoperative hospital stay， and can accurately represent the metastasis of lymph node， thus to make the staging of the tumor accurately and guide postoperative treatment.
ObjectiveTo explore the safety-related factors for total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. MethodsThe clinical data of 72 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated by total thyroidectomy from January 2002 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed, the laryngeal recurrent nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism were observed. ResultsThe incidences of hypoparathyroidism and laryngeal recurrent nerve injury were 15.28% （11/72) and 4.17%（3/72）, respectively. The hypoparathyroidism was significantly related to the thyroid reoperation, the lymph nodes metastases of central compartment, or the extraglandular invasion of the primary tumor (Plt;0.05), but not to the dissection of neck lymph nodes (Pgt;0.05). The laryngeal recurrent nerve injury was not relative to those factors (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionThe safetyrelated factors of total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma include thyroid reoperation, the lymph node metastasis of central compartment, and the extraglandular invasion of the primary tumor.
ObjectiveTo discuss the correlation of BRAFV600E mutation with clinicopathologic characteristics or thyroglobulin (Tg) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its clinical significance. MethodsThe BRAFV600E mutations of 55 patients with PTC were detected by nested PCR. The relations between BRAFV600E mutation and the clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. Results①The BRAFV600E mutations happened in 29 patients with PTC, the mutation rate was 52.7% (29/55).②The BRAFV600E mutation rate was related with extracapsular spread, multiple lesions, regional lymph node metastasis or average Tg value > 1.0μg/L during 2 years after standardized treatment (P value was 0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, respectively), but which not related with the gender, age, tumor diameter, or TNM stage (P > 0.05). ConclusionThe BRAFV600E mutation in PTC might lead to increased tumor aggressiveness and it might be related with increased Tg value after standardized treatment.
Objective The aim of this study is to review the association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Method The relevant literatures about lncRNA associated with PTC were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results The expression levels of noncoding RNA associated with MAP kinase pathway and growth arrest (NAMA), PTC susceptibility candidate 3 (PTCSC3), BRAF activated non-coding RNA (BANCR), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), NONHSAT037832, and GAS8-AS1 in PTC tissues were significantly lower than those in non-thyroid carcinoma tissues. The expression levels of ENST00000537266, ENST00000426615, XLOC051122, XLOC006074, HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in PTC tissues were upregulated in PTC tissues, comparing with the non-thyroid carcinoma tissues. These lncRNAs were possibly involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of PTC. Conclusion LncRNAs may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism and gene-targeted therapy of PTC and become new molecular marker for the diagnosis of PTC.
In recent years, with the improvement of the sensitivity of examination equipment and the change of people's living environment and diet, the rate of thyroid cancer has risen rapidly, which has increased nearly five folds in 10 years. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma of different pathological types are obviously different. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can develop at any age, which accounts for about 90% of thyroid cancer. It progresses slowly and has favourable prognosis, but lymph node metastasis appears easily. Whether PTC is accompanied by lymph node metastasis has an important impact on its prognosis and outcome. The Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B(BRAF)gene mutation plays a crucial role in PTC lymph node metastasis. Having an in-depth understanding of the specific role and mechanism of BRAF gene mutation in PTC is expected to provide new ideas for diagnosis and treatment of PTC.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and diabetes mellitus (DM), and to provide basis for individualized diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe patients who underwent the first thyroid surgery in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1, 2017 to September 15, 2020 and were pathologically diagnosed as PTC were collected. According to the presence or absence of DM, the clinical features were compared.ResultsThere were 2859 patients without DM and 133 patients with DM in 2992 patients. In patients with or without DM, there were no differences in lymph node metastasis, multiple, bilateral tumors, and extrathyroid invasion between the two groups (P>0.05). However, compared with the PTC patients without DM, the proportion of women with DM was lower (58.65% versus 76.71%, P<0.01), the proportions of age >55 years old (92.48% versus 66.32%, P<0.01) and capsule invasion (67.21% versus 63.11%, P=0.04) with DM were higer. After adjusting for age and gender, the multivariate analysis showed that the risks of larger tumor and capsular invasion in the patients with DM was 1.51 times [95%CI (1.06, 2.16), P=0.02] and 1.75 times [95%CI (1.16, 2.64), P<0.01] respectively as compared with in the patients without DM.ConclusionsIn PTC patients with DM, proportion of women is lower, proportions of elderly population (age >55 years old) and patients with capsular invasion are higer, tumor is larger. Therefore, patients with DM must not neglect regular examination of thyroid morphology and function, and PTC patients should also pay attention to control of blood glucose.
ObjectiveTo summarize the role of circular RNA (circRNAs) in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) and the emphasis of future research.MethodRelevant literatures in recent years about the biological function of circRNA and its role in PTC were reviewed.ResultscircRNAs had abnormal expression in PTC tissues. Besides, by working as miRNA sponges or interacting with RNA-binding proteins, circRNAs regulated the expression of proteins that were associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis, which could affect the biological characteristics of tumor cells.ConclusioncircRNAs are expected to be the biomarkers for early diagnosis of PTC or potential targets for PTC therapy and provid therapeutic bases to prevent PTC.