In 2025, the American Cancer Society published "Cancer statistics, 2025", which projected cancer data for the upcoming year based on incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). Similarly, the National Cancer Center of China released "Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022" in December 2024, analyzing data from 22 cancer registries across the country. This study provides a comparative analysis of cancer incidence and mortality trends in China and the United States during the same period, with a focus on sex- and age-specific distributions and long-term changes in cancer patterns. Long-term trends indicate that lung and liver cancer mortality rates in China have declined, primarily due to tobacco control measures and hepatitis B vaccination programs. However, the burden of gastric and esophageal cancers remains substantial. In the United States, mortality rates for colorectal and lung cancers have continued to decline, largely attributed to widespread screening programs and advances in immunotherapy. As economic growth and social development, China’s cancer profile is gradually shifting towards patterns observed in countries with high human development index. However, the prevention and control of upper gastrointestinal cancers remains a critical public health challenge that requires further attention.
Objective To explore the global research status and trends of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) based on knowledge visualization analysis. Methods Based on the Web of Science Core Collection, studies reporting CRRT research that were published between June 2014 and June 2023 were retrieved and collected after manual review. VOSviewer and CiteSpace softwares were used for bibliometric visualization analysis, including publication trends, geographical distribution characteristics, journal distribution characteristics, author contributions, citations, funding source characteristics, and keyword clustering. Results A total of 2708 papers were analyzed, with an increasing trend in the number of articles and citation frequency from 2015 to 2021. The United States was the most prolific country and France was the most influential country. The University of Pittsburgh in the United States had the highest number of publications among research institutions and showed higher motivation for inter-institutional collaboration. The University of Queensland in the Australia had the highest average citation frequency. Professor Rinaldo Bellomo of Australia was the most productive author and Professor Jeffrey Lipman was the most influential. Jason A. Roberts, Jeffrey Lipman and Claudio Ronco were the three authors who had the highest number of collaborations with other authors. Keyword cluster analysis showed that the prognosis of CRRT for renal disease was the focus of research, with hotspots of research being antibiotics, citrate accumulation, plasma replacement, lactate clearance, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019. Coupling analysis of the literature showed that exploring the indications for CRRT and optimizing treatment prescription were at the forefront of research. Conclusions The present study of CRRT has generally shown an upward trend in the last decade. The management and efficacy of CRRT remains a hot topic of research. Exploring the indications for CRRT and optimizing treatment prescriptions may be a popular research direction and trend in the future.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological burden and change trend of five sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe estimated numbers and standardized rates of STIs incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in China and other regions were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The epidemic burden and change trend of STIs in China were compared and evaluated. ResultsIn 2019, STIs affected about 242 million people in China, resulting in 173 million new cases and 350 000 person years of DALY losses. Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of STIs increased by 59.75% and 30.02%, respectively, and the number of DALY decreased by 35.19%. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of chlamydia infection and gonococcal infection in the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) showed an upward trend; in addition, the DALY rate of genital herpes and trichomoniasis also increased. Among the 5 STIs, the disease burden caused by trichomoniasis infection in women was much higher than that in men. With the increase in the socio-demographic index (SDI), the burden of STIs in China gradually decreased. After the SDI exceeded 0.65, the decline rate of standardized DALY rate sharply increased. ConclusionThe disease burden of STIs in China shows a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, and the disease burden of the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) is the most significant, especially in trichomoniasis and chlamydia infection.
The quality of sleep has a great relationship with health and working efficiency. The result of sleep stage classification is an important indicator to measure the quality of sleep, and it is also an important way to diagnose and treat sleep disorders. In this paper, the method of detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) was used to analyze sleep stage classification, sleep electroencephalograph signals, which were extracted from the MIT-BIH Polysomnographic Database randomly. The results showed that the average DCCA exponent of the awake period is smaller than that of the first stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleeps. It is well concluded that the method of studying the sleep electroencephalograph with this method is of great significance to improve the quality of sleep, to diagnose and to treat sleep disorders.
The multi-fractal de-trended fluctuation analysis was used to estimate the mental stress in the present study. In order to obtain the optimal fractal order of the multi-fractal de-trended fluctuation analysis, we analyzed the relationship between singular index and Hurst index with order. We recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 14 students, compared the relationship between singular index, Hurst index and quality index, ensured the optimal order being [—5, 5] and achieved the estimation of mental stress with the β wave in the EEGs. The result indicated that Hurst index and quality index of the EEGs under mental stress were greater than those of EEGs in the relaxing state. The Hurst index was gradually decreasing with the order increasing and was finally approaching a constant, while the quality index was amplified and variation of amplitude of the singular index was more obvious. We also compared the amplitude and the width of singular spectrum of the EEGs under the two conditions, and results indicated that the characteristics of multi-fractal spectrum of the EEGs under different conditions were different, namely the width of singular spectrum of the EEGs under mental stress was greater than that under relax condition.
The current unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) technique was originated from Argentina and developed in South Korea, which was rapidly growing and popularizing in China. The adoption of spinal endoscopy, using small cameras placed inside body with continuous water irrigation, providing better surgical field with less tissue dissection and quicker recovery for patients. As with other disciplines, the use of spinal endoscopy in spinal surgery will become increasingly widespread. UBE technique will promote the popularization of spinal endoscopy in China with monoportal endoscopy technique. At the same time, biportal endoscopy has better expansibility, the application of accessory incision may provide solution for more complicated spinal disease. Chinese spine surgeon should better understand the trends in spinal endoscopy, seize the opportunity of the rapidly evolving in spinal healthcare, and to promote the popularization of UBE across the globe.
The hallmark of the recent latest advances in diagnostic fundus imaging technology is combination of complex hierarchical levels and depths, as well as wide-angle imaging, ultra-wide imaging. The clinical application of wide-angle and ultra-wide imaging, not only can reevaluate the role of the peripheral retina, the classification types and treatment modalities of central retinal vein occlusion, and enhance the reliability of diabetic retinopathy screening, improve the classification and therapeutic decision of diabetic retinopathy, and but also can help guide and improve laser photocoagulation. However we must clearly recognize that the dominant role of ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases cannot be replaced by any advanced fundus imaging technology including wide-angle imaging. We emphasize to use the three factors of cognitive performance (technology, knowledge and thinking) to improve the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases in China.
ObjectiveTo analyze the gender-specific distribution patterns of the disease burden of tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer (hereinafter referred to as lung cancer) attributed to tobacco from 1990 to 2021 globally and in China and the United States (US), and to predict the trend of disease burden changes from 2022 to 2031, aiming to provide multi-dimensional evidence-based support for optimizing tobacco control strategies and precise lung cancer prevention and control systems. MethodsData on the disease burden of lung cancer attributed to tobacco from 1990 to 2021 globally and in China and the US were extracted and integrated from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. The Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software was used to analyze the corresponding trends in disease burden. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) prediction model was employed to forecast the disease burden of lung cancer from 2022 to 2031. ResultsIn 2021, China had the highest number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to lung cancer attributed to tobacco, followed by the US. The top three risk factors for lung cancer globally and in China and the US from 1990 to 2021 were tobacco, air pollution, and occupational risks. The disease burden of lung cancer patients attributed to tobacco has been decreasing year by year in the global and US populations [the average annual percentage change (AAPC) values of age-standardized mortality rate and DALYs rate were: globally: −0.96%, −1.28%; US: −2.33%, −2.72%], while it has been increasing in China (the AAPC values of age-standardized mortality rate and DALYs rate were 0.28% and −0.02%, respectively). From a gender perspective, the disease burden of male patients with lung cancer attributed to tobacco was much higher than that of female patients from 1990 to 2021. Compared to the global average, the disease burden of lung cancer attributed to tobacco in China and the US from 1990 to 2021 was still heavy, with China’s burden being higher than that of the US. The elderly population aged ≥65 years in the global context and in China and the US was the primary group affected by the disease burden of lung cancer attributed to tobacco. The BAPC prediction model indicated that from 2022 to 2031, the age-standardized rates of lung cancer attributed to tobacco in the global context and in China and the US would show a declining trend. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of lung cancer attributed to tobacco in China and the US was still heavy compared to the global average, with China’s burden being significantly higher than that of the US. The focus on prevention and control for both countries remains among the middle-aged and elderly population (especially males), which is a key challenge for tobacco-related lung cancer prevention and treatment work in the next 10 years.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2020–2024 global TB reports provide a comprehensive overview of the TB situation from 2019 to 2023. In 2023, TB re-emerged as the world's leading infectious killer, with an estimated 10.8 million new cases. While the growth in the incidence rate slowed, the number of deaths decreased to 1.25 million. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted TB control efforts in 2020–2021. As control measures are gradually restored, a positive trend in TB control is emerging. However, significant regional disparities in incidence persist, with eight high-burden countries, including India and China, accounting for over two-thirds of the global total. In 2023, global treatment coverage for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) was 44.00% with a treatment success rate of 68.00%; yet, with 400 000 new drug-resistant cases, the control situation remains severe. China has achieved remarkable progress in TB control: new cases fell to 741 000 in 2023 (an incidence of 52 per 100 000); mortality decreased significantly; its share of the global DR-TB burden dropped from 14.00% to 7.30%; and the TB/HIV co-infection rate declined from 1.68% in 2019 to 0.66% in 2023, outperforming the global average. Globally, control measures continue to be optimized: treatment coverage increased from 70.00% in 2019 to 75.00% in 2023, the number of people receiving preventive therapy grew to 4.7 million, and rapid diagnostic coverage reached 48.00%. In China, the number of patients treated recovered to 565 000 in 2023, and rapid diagnostic coverage rose to 74.00%. Although technological innovations have enhanced the efficiency of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management, achieving the 2030 End TB Strategy goals will require strengthening TB management, building primary healthcare capacity, and targeting interventions for high-risk populations, while balancing resource allocation with technological innovation to address the challenges of a heterogeneous global epidemic.
Objective To summary the incidence rate and trends of cancers in China. MethodsBy compiling and analyzing the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report from 2008 to 2021, we summarized the regional and population distribution characteristics of overall and high-incidence rate cancers in China and analyzed influencing factors. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2018, the overall crude incidence of cancers in China showed a continuous upward trend. The incidence rate in the eastern region (incidence rate was 353.26/100 000 in 2018, the following data were crude incidence rate in 2018) was significantly higher than those in the central (269.47/100 000) and western regions (253.71/100 000), while the incidence rates in the central and western regions were closer. 2005–2018, the incidence rates of male was higher than that of female, and the population aged 80 years old or older (2 741.02/100 000) had the highest incidence rate of cancers, and the incidence rate of people aged 0–14 years old (41.38/100 000) was the lowest. From 2005–2018 (except for 2009), lung cancer (65.05/100 000), gastric cancer (27.03/100 000), liver cancer (27.42/100 000), colorectal cancer (30.51/100 000), and breast cancer (43.02/100 000) were the top 5 highest incidence rates of China’s cancers, of which lung cancer ranked the first in different regions, and the ranking of other cancers varied in different regions. The top 5 cancers in males’ incidence rates from 2005 to 2018 were lung cancer (83.45/100 000), gastric cancer (37.12/100 000), liver cancer (40.02/100 000), colorectal cancer (35.32/100 000) and esophageal cancer (26.30/100 000); the top 5 cancers in females’incidence rates had changed a lot in different years, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, thyroid cancer and cervical cancer had all been in the top 5, for example, in 2018, the top 5 cancers in female were lung cancer (46.10/100 000), breast cancer (43.02/100 000), colorectal cancer (25.56/100 000), thyroid cancer (24.60/100 000) and cervical cancer (18.10/100 000).ConclusionsThe crude incidence rate of cancers in China continues to rise, with the cancer spectrum showing new characteristics that combine high-incidence rate cancers in developed countries (e.g., breast cancer, colorectal cancer) with common cancers in developing countries (e.g., gastric cancer, liver cancer). The situation of cancer prevention and control remains challenging.