Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, which is usually highly expressed in embryonic tissues and tumor tissues, but is not expressed or just lowly expressed in mature tissues. TNC is involved in various complex signaling pathways during tumor metastasis, especially through modulating FAK, RhoA, Wnt and Notch pathways by interacting with syndecan-4, integrinα5β1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As a result, TNC affects epithelial mesenchymal transition, tumor cell adhesion, proliferation and angiogenesis, which eventually enhances the invasion and metastasis ability of many tumors. Further studies have demonstrated that TNC could be used as prognosis or metastasis marker of patients with malignant tumor.
microRNA (miRNA) is a kind of RNAs which involves in the regulation of proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumors. It also closely connects to the colorectal cancer. This article reviews the relationship between miRNA and proliferation, invasion, metastasis, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Objective To summarize research progress of relationship between chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) and colonic cancer. Method The related literatures in recent years on the relationship between the CLIC1 and the colonic cancer were reviewed and analyzed. Results The CLIC1 could play its physiological function as a chloride ion channel, with a wide tissue distribution and high expression in many tumor tissues. The abnormal expression of CLIC1 could result in many diseases and participate in many processes such as the occurrence, development, metastasis, and treatment of the colonic cancer. Conclusions CLIC1 might be a biomarker for early diagnosis and a target for gene therapy of colonic cancer, key genes regulated its expression, signal transduction pathways involved in occurrence and progression of colonic cancer, and interaction with other related molecules are still unclear, and further study is needed.
Epithelial membrane protein (EMP) 2 is one of the seven proteins in the EMP gene family and is a tissue-specific transmembrane protein. Recent studies have shown that it exhibits different expression patterns in different tumor tissues and exhibits differentiated manifestations in the invasion and metastasis of different tumors, such as promoting or inhibiting them. Based on these characteristics, progress has been made in the field of anti EMP2 therapy, such as the development of monoclonal antibodies, which may bring new avenues for cancer treatment. Based on this, this article reviews the research progress of EMP2 in tumor invasion and metastasis, in order to provide ideas for determining new tumor targets.