Objective To investigate effect of different resuscitation liquids and different resuscitation methods on contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in early resuscitation process of rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods Sixty-four healthy SD rats (450–550 g) were chosen and divided into 4 groups randomly and averagely: crystal liquid limited resuscitation group, colloidal liquid limited resuscitation group, 7.5% NaCl limited resuscitation group, and colloidal liquid non-limited resuscitation group. There were 16 rats in each group. All the experimental rats were weighed before intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. Animal model was established via Chaudry’s method. The rats were killed and the abdominal aorta bloods were drew on hour 2, 6, 12, and 24 after recovering from anesthesia. The contents of IL-8 and TNF-α in plasmas were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results The contents of IL-8 and TNF-α among three kinds of limited resuscitation groups on hour 6 after resuscitation were significantly higher than those on hour 2 after resuscitation (P<0.05) and reached the peaks, then began to decrease. On hour 12 after resuscitation, the contents of IL-8 and TNF-α were decreased continuously among three kinds of limited resuscitation groups (P<0.05). The contents of IL-8 and TNF-α in the colloidal liquid non-limited resuscitation group at each point time were significantly higher than those among three kinds of limited resuscitation groups (P<0.05), which in the crystal liquid resuscitation group were significantly lower than those in the other limited liquid resuscitation groups (P<0.05). Conclusions In process of liquid resuscitation of rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock, limited resuscitation method is better than that of non-limited resuscitation method. Among three kinds of limited resuscitation methods, crystal resuscitation liquid is more effective than the other two resuscitation liquids in prohibiting releases of IL-8 and TNF-α in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock.
The incidence of depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is higher. The concomitant depression will increase medical expense, reduce drug efficacy, lower its compliance, increase the incidence of complication, and affect the cure of rheumatoid arthritis. The influence of depression to rheumatoid arthritis is usually ignored in clinical work. In recent years, the pertinence between depression and immune disease in pathogenesis is found in research: depression will increase the risk of immune diseases in activate inflammation as well as extend and promote the release of inflammatory factors. This article reviews research progress of correlation between depression and rheumatoid arthritis.
ObjectiveTo explore the serum concentrations of complement C1q tumor necrosis factor related protein 5 (CTRP5) in patients with acute exacerbations and stable stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and analyze the correlation of CTRP5 with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and FEV1/FVC and FEV1%pred.MethodsThirty hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and 30 outpatients with stable COPD according with diagnostic criteria and inclusive criteria were sampled successively. At the same time 30 healthy volunteers were selected as normal control. All subjects were measured the concentrations of CTRP5 and hs-CRP in serum and lung function test was performed.ResultsThe serum CTRP5 and hs-CRP concentrations of the acute exacerbation group was higher than those in the stable group and the control group. The serum CTRP5 and hs-CRP concentrations of the stable group was also higher than those of the control group. The FEV1/FVC of the acute exacerbation group was lower than those of the stable group and the control group; and the FEV1/FVC of the stable group was lower than that of the control group. The FEV1%pred of three groups by analysis indicated the difference was statistically significant. Further pairwise comparisons demonstrated that the FEV1%pred of two COPD groups were lower than that of the control group but the FEV1%pred of the acute exacerbation group and stable group was not significantly different. The correlation analysis of the acute exacerbation group and the stable group demonstrated that the levels of serum CTRP5 and hs-CRP were postively correlated and the level of serum CTRP5 was negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC and FEV1%pred.ConclusionsThe level of CTRP5 in serum of COPD patients is increased. No matter in acute exacerbation or stable phase, the level of serum CTRP5 is positively correlated with hs-CRP and negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC and FEV1%pred, which suggests that CTRP5 is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD but the exact mechanism needs further study.
Objective To study the variety and the action of inflammatory cytokines and the relevant anti-inflammatory factors in acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods The authors observed the change of peripheral blood IL-6 and sTNFR in 41 patients with mild and severe AP in two groups on 1, 5, 14d after acute attack by ELISA. Results All cases recovered gradually in mild group (n＝22) after five days. Twelve patients improved gradually in severe group (n＝19) after 5-7 days. The level of sTNFR increased markedly in 2 groups at 1, 5, 14d(Ｐ＜0.001), and that of the severe group was markedly higher decreased gradually (Ｐ＜0.01). The level of IL-6 increased apparently only in severe group on 1d, 40.38 pg/ml∶12.4 pg/ml, (Ｐ＜0.001). The levels of IL-6 and sTNFR correlated respectively with severity of AP. Conclusion These results show that peripheral blood IL-6 and TNFα are useful index to supervise the severity and conversion and final results of AP.
ObjectiveTo construct a predictive model for acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) based on uromodulin (UMOD) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). MethodsPatients undergoing CABG treatment at Tianjin Chest Hospital from 2022 to 2024 were prospectively enrolled. Based on whether they developed AKI post-surgery, patients were divided into the an AKI group and a non-AKI group. Differences in UMOD, TRAF6, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and SCr clearance rate at different time points were compared between the two groups. Predictive models for AKI after CABG were constructed at various time points, and the predictive efficacy of the models for AKI was analyzed. ResultsA total of 70 patients were included, with 22 in the AKI group [13 males and 9 females, aged 55-72 (67.91±4.91) years] and 48 in the non-AKI group [32 males and 16 females, aged 56-72 (68.07±4.67) years]. The UMOD levels in the AKI group were lower than those in the non-AKI group at various time points including before surgery (t=34.283, P<0.001), postoperative 2 h (t=29.590, P<0.001), 4 h (t=30.705, P<0.001), 8 h (t=26.620, P<0.001), 12 h (t=29.671, P<0.001), and 24 h (t=31.397, P<0.001). The TRAF6 levels in the AKI group were higher than those in the non-AKI group at all these time points (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that higher levels of TRAF6, BUN, SCr, NAG, and lower levels of UMOD and SCr clearance rate were risk factors for AKI after CABG (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the predictive model at postoperative 12 h was significantly higher than that of the remaining models. The risk of AKI after CABG was: log (Y)=12.333−1.582×UMOD+1.270×TRAF6+1.356×BUN+1.356×SCr+1.355×NAG−1.254×SCr clearance rate. ConclusionIn the occurrence process of AKI after CABG, TRAF6 exacerbates renal injury by activating inflammatory signals and promoting cell apoptosis, while UMOD alleviates renal injury by regulating renal tubular function and protecting renal tubular epithelial cells. Through the simulation analysis of the two biomarkers combined with renal injury indicators at postoperative 12 h, the occurrence of AKI after CABG can be effectively predicted.
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅱ:IgG Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR:Fc) for treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MethodsThis study included 86 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis treated between September 2011 and January 2013. They were divided into two groups randomly. Forty-three patients in the treatment group received rhTNFR:Fc (25 mg, twice a week) by subcutaneous injection and methotrexate (MTX) (10 mg, orally once a week), and the other 43 patients in the contrast group received MTX (10 mg, orally once a week), hydroxychloroquine (100 mg, orally twice daily), and leflunomide (10 mg, orally once daily). The clinical efficacy of the treatments 12 weeks later were compared between the two groups. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, 50, and 70 evaluation criteria were used for efficacy evaluation. ResultsThe ACR 20, 50 and 70 effective rates in 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the treatment in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The seven indicators including the duration of morning stiffness, joint tenderness index, joint swelling index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, platelets and rheumatoid factors within 12 weeks after treatment were significantly improved in both the two groups, and the improvements in the treatment group were more significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionRhTNFR:Fc is effecive and safe in treating active RA.
Objective To investigate the effects of one-lung ventilation time on the concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum inflammatory markers and early pulmonary infection after radical resection of esophageal cancer. Methods Ninety patients with thoracoscope and laparoscopic radical resection of esophageal carcinoma were chosen. According to the thoracoscope operation time, the patients were divided into 3 groups including a T1 (0.5–1.5 hours) group, a T2 (1.5–2.5 hours) group and a T3 (>2.5 hours) group. Immediately after the operation, the ventilated and collapsed BALF were taken. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to determine the concentration of IL-6 and tumour necrosis TNF-α. The concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) were measured on the first, third, fifth day after operation. The incidence of pulmonary infection was observed within 3 days after operation. Result The IL-6 values of the right collapsed lung in all groups were higher than those in the left ventilated lung. The TNF-α value of the right collapsed lung in the T2 group and T3 group was higher than that in the left ventilated lung (P<0.05). Compared with in the right collapsed lung, the TNF-α and IL-6 values gradually increased with the the duration of one-lung ventilation (P<0.05). Compared with the left ventilated lung groups, the IL-6 value increased gradually with the duration of one-lung ventilation time (P<0.05). The TNF-α value of the T3 group was higher than that of the T1 and T2 groups (P<0.05). The PCT value of the T3 group was higher than that of the T1 group and T2 group on the third, fifth day after operation (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in CRP and WBC among the three groups at different time points. The incidence of pulmonary infection in the T3 group was significantly higher than that in the T1 group within 3 days after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion With the extension of one-lung ventilation time, the release of local and systemic inflammatory mediators is increased, and the probability of pulmonary infection is higher.
The tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance. Studies have shown that non-small cell lung cancer patients with somatic driver gene EGFR mutations are sensitive to and can benefit from EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Nevertheless, EGFR-TKIs-related adverse events should not be ignored. Common adverse events such as diarrhea, acne-like rash and paronychia are usually manageable; although the incidence of interstitial lung disease is low, once it occurs, it is a serious threat to patients' life, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. There is very limited animal experimental and clinical research evidence on the potential mechanism of EGFR-TKIs-related interstitial lung disease in the available literature. Based on this, this article reviews the association between EGFR-TKIs and interstitial lung disease, at the same time, also discusses the research progress of EGFR-TKIs-related interstitial lung disease in combination with cytotoxic drugs or immunotherapeutic drugs and EGFR-TKIs, in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of EGFR-TKIs-related interstitial lung disease in clinical practice in the future.
The gut mucus barrier and mechanical barrier are the most important natural barriers, the former is the first defense barrier, which separates pathogenic bacteria in intestinal lumen from the epithelial cells, and prevents them passing through the intestinal barrier into the human circulation system. Studies have shown that inflammation in the body affects the content of mucin 2, a key protein in the mucus layer, thereby changing the permeability of the mucus barrier and promoting the translocation of pathogenic microorganisms. Both tumor necrosis factor-α and c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways have been reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of inflammation. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α, c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway and mucin 2 and intestinal barrier dysfunction, in order to provide new ideas and directions for exploring the related research of intestinal barrier function.
摘要:目的: 研究蜕皮甾酮对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠模型肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)与核因子κB(NFκB)表达的影响，并探索其可能的作用机制。 方法 :健康成年SD大鼠36只,随机分为正常对照组12只与实验组24只;正常对照组喂以普通基础饲料,实验组应用高脂饲料喂养。实验12周末时将造模成功的实验组大鼠随机分为模型组与蜕皮甾酮治疗组2个亚组,每组12只;正常对照组喂以普通基础饲料至16周,模型组继续应用改良高脂饲料喂养至16周,蜕皮甾酮治疗组大鼠在高脂饮食同时加用蜕皮甾酮灌胃。实验16周末时处死3组所有大鼠;检测肝脏指数,血清与肝组织生化指标及肝组织病理改变;ELISA法检测肝脏TNFα水平;免疫组化检测各组大鼠肝组织中核因子κB蛋白表达情况。 结果 :蜕皮甾酮治疗组血清胆固醇(TC)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)明显低于模型组(212±058比263±024,Plt;005;5336±1848比8460±3627,P＜005;14020±3595比24359±3638,P＜001);蜕皮甾酮治疗组与模型组相比肝组织丙二醛(MDA)水平降低明显(18454±1645比23928±2376,P＜001),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力增加显著(942±052比518±043,P＜001),肝脏指数显著降低(435±037比504±046,P＜001)，肝组织脂肪变性程度和炎症活动度明显减轻(546±037比630±049,P＜001)。蜕皮甾酮治疗组与模型组相比TNFα与核因子κB水平明显减轻(4304±748比6156±727,2465±539比4504±746,P值均＜001)。 结论 :蜕皮甾酮具有改善高脂饮食诱发的非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝脏酶学功能,通过增加肝组织SOD的含量和减少MDA的含量来减轻肝组织氧化应激水平,减轻肝组织TNFα和核因子κB来减轻肝脏炎症,发挥防治非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of ecdysterone on the expression of tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats. Methods : A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, who were fed with highfat diet (experimental group, n=24) and normal basic food (normal control, n=12) respectively. At the end of the 12th week, the experimental group was randomly divided into two subgroups: model group and ecdysterone group, each group contained 12 rats. From the 13th week, the rats in the normal control group and model group were lavaged with normal sodium, and the rats in the ecdysterone group were lavaged with ecdysterone at 10 mg·kg-1·d-1. At the end of the 16th week, all rats were weighed, narcotized, sacrificed, and the liver index, biochemical indicators in serum and liver tissues and the hepatic pathological changes were observed. The expression of TNFα was detected by ELISA and the expression of NFκB was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results : At the end 16th week in ecdysterone group, the serum levels of cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were reduced markedly (212±058 vs 263±024 and 5336±1848 vs 8460±3627, both P＜005; 14020±3595 vs 24359±3638, P＜001); the tissue content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased evidently (18454±1645 vs 23928±2376, P＜001), while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was enhanced notably (942±052 vs 518±043, P＜001); the liver index was decreased significantly in comparison with that inmodel group (435±037 vs 504±046, P＜001); the degree of fatty degeneration and inflammation were relieved dramatically (546±037 vs 630±049, P＜001). The expression of TNFα and the levels of NFκB were significantly lower (4304±748 vs 6156±727 and 2465±539 vs 4504±746, both P＜001) in ecdysterone group compared with model group. Conclusion : The effects of ecdysterone in preventing NAFLD in rats could be related to the increase of SOD content in hepatic tissue and the decrease of MDA content, tumor necrosis factorα and NFκB.