In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. Researchers around the world have begun to pay more attention to the exploration of its pathogenesis, disease evolution and prognosis. Among them, research in the field of gene molecules has become a hotspot, which includes the mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter. However, this field is not mature, and there are many problems and challenges need to be solved. This paper explores the value of BRAF mutation in the treatment, recurrence, mortality and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition, we also explore the relationship between BRAF mutation and TERT promoter mutations and their influences in thyroid cancer. We hope this paper could help later scholars understand the current situation in this field and find a research direction in the future.