Nuclear receptors are transcriptional regulators involved in almost all biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, substance metabolism and tumor formation, and they can be regulated by small molecules that bind to them. Autophagy is a special way of programmed cell death and it is a highly conserved metabolic process. Once autophagy defects or excessive autophagy occur, the disease will develop. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that nuclear receptors are related to autophagy. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the research progress on nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of autophagy, and focuses on the mechanism of several nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of autophagy, aiming at understanding the molecular basis of how nuclear receptors participate in regulating autophagy, as well as providing possible ideas and strategies for the treatment of corresponding diseases.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current research progress of the relationship between vitamin D and the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and relevant clinical translational application researches.MethodsThe related literatures at home and abroad were searched to review the studies on the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D, classic and non-classical effects of vitamin D, and the relationship between vitamin D and the development and progression of HCC, as well as relevant clinical translational application.ResultsVitamin D was an important cytokine that regulated the body’s mineral and bone metabolism, and its anti-proliferation, pro-differentiation, pro-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, immune regulation, and other non-classical effects, had received more and more attentions in recent years. The existing studies had found that vitamin D was closely associated with HCC, which affected the development and progression of HCC through various mechanisms. Epidemiology showed that vitamin D levels were closely related to the prognosis of HCC patients. Whether vitamin D could be used as a clinical prognostic indicator and treatment plan for HCC still needed further clinical evidence to confirm.ConclusionVitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of the development and progression of HCC, and exploration of the association between vitamin D and HCC and related clinical translation problems are expected to provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
Parkinson’s disease is a common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, and its main pathological change is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra striatum. Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in neurons and glial cells, and the normal function of substantia nigra striatum system depends on the level of vitamin D and the normal expression of vitamin D receptors. In recent years, from basic to clinical research, there are some differences in the conclusion of the correlation of vitamin D and its receptor gene polymorphism with Parkinson’s disease. This paper aims to review the research on the correlation of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with Parkinson’s disease, and discuss the future research direction in this field.