Relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α and retinopathy of prematurity_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Wu Zhenquan , Zheng Lei , Zeng Jian ,  Zhang Guoming

Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China;

Corresponding author：

Zhang Guoming, Email: zhang-guoming@163.com

Keywords：

Retinopathy of prematurity/etiology; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20180408-00106

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remain elusive. The risk factors of ROP include excessive oxygen therapy, malnutrition, infection and inflammation. Among the factors above, the effect of inflammation on ROP has received more attention. TNF-α is a biological active protein which is involved in neovascularization and inflammation. It may play a role in the development of ROP. This review summarized the studies on the association between TNF-α and ROP in recent years, so as to provide a new way to further study the pathogenesis and treatment methods of ROP.

Citation： Wu Zhenquan, Zheng Lei, Zeng Jian, Zhang Guoming. Relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α and retinopathy of prematurity. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2020, 36(3): 249-252. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20180408-00106 Copy

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2.	Gilbert C, Foster A. Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020--the right to sight[J]. Bull World Health Organ, 2001, 79(3): 227-232. DOI: 10.1590/S0042-96862001000300011.
3.	Itai T, Tanaka M, Nagata S. Processing of tumor necrosis factor by the membrane-bound TNF-alpha-converting enzyme, but not its truncated soluble form[J]. Eur J Biochem, 2001, 268(7): 2074-2082. DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02085.x.
4.	Baeyens KJ, De Bondt HL, Raeymaekers A, et al. The structure of mouse tumour-necrosis factor at 1.4 A resolution: towards modulation of its selectivity and trimerization[J]. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 1999, 55(Pt 4): 772-778. DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998018435.
5.	Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis[J]. Nature, 2011, 473(7347): 298-307. DOI: 10.1038/nature10144.
6.	Stack G, Snyder EL. Cytokine generation in stored platelet concentrates[J]. Transfusion, 1994, 34(1): 20-25. DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34194098597.x.
7.	Zeng H, Ding M, Chen XX, et al. Microglial NADPH oxidase activation mediates rod cell death in the retinal degeneration in rd mice[J]. Neuroscience, 2014, 275: 54-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.065.
8.	Boyle JJ, Weissberg PL, Bennett MR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes macrophage-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis by direct and autocrine mechanisms[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2003, 23(9): 1553-1558. DOI: 10.1161/01.Atv.0000086961.44581.B7.
9.	Cardier JE, Erickson-Miller CL. Fas (CD95)- and tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis in liver endothelial cells: role of caspase-3 and the p38 MAPK[J]. Microvasc Res, 2002, 63(1): 10-18. DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2001.2360.
10.	Majka S, McGuire PG, Das A. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression by tumor necrosis factor in a murine model of retinal neovascularization[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2002, 43(1): 260-266.
11.	Bouzoukis DI, Kymionis GD, Panagopoulou SI, et al. Visual outcomes and safety of a small diameter intrastromal refractive inlay for the corneal compensation of presbyopia[J]. J Refract Surg, 2012, 28(3): 168-173. DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20120124-02.
12.	Cohen PS, Nakshatri H, Dennis J, et al. CNI-1493 inhibits monocyte/macrophage tumor necrosis factor by suppression of translation efficiency[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93(9): 3967-3971. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.9.3967.
13.	Bianchi M, Bloom O, Raabe T, et al. Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes by a tetravalent guanylhydrazone[J]. J Exp Med, 1996, 183(3): 927-936. DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.3.927.
14.	Gardiner TA, Gibson DS, de Gooyer TE, et al. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha improves physiological angiogenesis and reduces pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy[J]. Am J Pathol, 2005, 166(2): 637-644. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62284-5.
15.	Silveira RC, Fortes Filho JB, Procianoy RS. Assessment of the contribution of cytokine plasma levels to detect retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(3): 1297-1301. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6279.
16.	Dammann O, Brinkhaus MJ, Bartels DB, et al. Immaturity, perinatal inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity: a multi-hit hypothesis[J]. Early Hum Dev, 2009, 85(5): 325-329. DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.010.
17.	Ryuto M, Ono M, Izumi H, et al. Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by tumor necrosis factor alpha in human glioma cells: possible roles of SP-1[J]. J Biol Chem, 1996, 271(45): 28220-28228. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28220.
18.	Lee J, Dammann O. Perinatal infection, inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med, 2012, 17(1): 26-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2011.08.007.
19.	Polam S, Koons A, Anwar M, et al. Effect of chorioamnionitis on neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants[J]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2005, 159(11): 1032-1035. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.159.11.1032.
20.	Shima Y, Zubair M, Ishihara S, et al. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus-specific enhancer of Ad4BP/SF-1 gene[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 2005, 19(11): 2812-2823. DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0431.
21.	Yossuck P, Yan Y, Tadesse M, et al. Dexamethasone alters TNF-alpha expression in retinopathy[J]. Mol Genet Metab, 2001, 72(2): 164-167. DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2000.3124.
22.	Yoshida S, Yoshida A, Ishibashi T. Induction of IL-8, MCP-1, and bFGF by TNF-alpha in retinal glial cells: implications for retinal neovascularization during post-ischemic inflammation[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2004, 242(5): 409-413. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-004-0874-2.
23.	Hammes HP. Pericytes and the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2005, 37 Suppl 1: S39-43. DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861361.
24.	Adamis AP. Is diabetic retinopathy an inflammatory disease?[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2002, 86(4): 363-365. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.86.4.363.
25.	Runkle EA, Antonetti DA. The blood-retinal barrier: structure and functional significance[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2011, 686: 133-148. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-938-3_5.
26.	Shirasawa M, Sonoda S, Terasaki H, et al. TNF-alpha disrupts morphologic and functional barrier properties of polarized retinal pigment epithelium[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 110: 59-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.02.012.
27.	Yin XM. Bid, a critical mediator for apoptosis induced by the activation of Fas/TNF-R1 death receptors in hepatocytes[J]. J Mol Med (Berl), 2000, 78(4): 203-211. DOI: 10.1007/s001090000099.
28.	Sartorius U, Schmitz I, Krammer PH. Molecular mechanisms of death-receptor-mediated apoptosis[J]. Chembiochem, 2001, 2(1): 20-29. DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20010105)2:1<20::AID-CBIC20>3.0.CO;2-X.
29.	Stanger BZ, Leder P, Lee TH, et al. RIP: a novel protein containing a death domain that interacts with Fas/APO-1(CD95) in yeast and causes cell death[J]. Cell, 1995, 81(4): 513-523. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90072-1.
30.	Shen HM, Pervaiz S. TNF receptor superfamily-induced cell death: redox-dependent execution[J]. FASEB J, 2006, 20(10): 1589-1598. DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5603rev.
31.	Babu D, Leclercq G, Goossens V, et al. Mitochondria and NADPH oxidases are the major sources of TNF-alpha/cycloheximide-induced oxidative stress in murine intestinal epithelial MODE-K cells[J]. Cell Signal, 2015, 27(6): 1141-1158. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.019.
32.	Krady JK, Basu A, Allen CM, et al. Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression, microglial activation, and caspase-3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Diabetes, 2005, 54(5): 1559-1565. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1559.
33.	Sennlaub F, Courtois Y, Goureau O. Inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates retinal apoptosis in ischemic proliferative retinopathy[J]. J Neurosci, 2002, 22(10): 3987-3993. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-10-03987.2002.
34.	Brafman A, Mett I, Shafir M, et al. Inhibition of oxygen-induced retinopathy in RTP801-deficient mice[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2004, 45(10): 3796-3805. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-0052.
35.	Higuchi A, Ohashi K, Kihara S, et al. Adiponectin suppresses pathological microvessel formation in retina through modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression[J]. Circ Res, 2009, 104(9): 1058-1065. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.194506.
36.	Connor KM, SanGiovanni JP, Lofqvist C, et al. Increased dietary intake of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis[J]. Nat Med, 2007, 13(7): 868-873. DOI: 10.1038/nm1591.
37.	Fu Z, Lofqvist CA, Shao Z, et al. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease retinal neovascularization by adipose-endoplasmic reticulum stress reduction to increase adiponectin[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2015, 101(4): 879-888. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.099291.
38.	Darlow BA, Hutchinson JL, Henderson-Smart DJ, et al. Prenatal risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity among very preterm infants of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network[J]. Pediatrics, 2005, 115(4): 990-996. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1309.
39.	Arenas IA, Armstrong SJ, Xu Y, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and vascular angiotensin Ⅱ in estrogen-deficient rats[J]. Hypertension, 2006, 48(3): 497-503. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000235865.03528.f1.
40.	Cekmez F, Pirgon O, Aydemir G, et al. Correlation between cord blood apelin and IGF-1 levels in retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Biomark Med, 2012, 6(6): 821-825. DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.82.
41.	Xin Q, Cheng B, Pan Y, et al. Neuroprotective effects of apelin-13 on experimental ischemic stroke through suppression of inflammation[J]. Peptides, 2015, 63: 55-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.016.
42.	Zhang W, Zhang DG, Liang X, et al. Effects of apelin on retinal microglial cells in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity[J]. J Cell Biochem, 2018, 119(3): 2900-2910. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26473.
43.	Li H, Yoneda M, Takeyama M, et al. Effect of infliximab on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced alterations in retinal microvascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2010, 26(6): 549-556. DOI: 10.1089/jop.2010.0079.
44.	Schwartzman S, Schwartzman M. The use of biologic therapies in uveitis[J]. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2015, 49(3): 307-316. DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8455-6.
45.	张莲, 毕宏生, 郭俊国. 抗TNF生物制剂在葡萄膜炎临床治疗中的应用进展[J]. 眼科新进展, 2014, 34(12): 1187-1189. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0330.Zhang L, Bi HS, Guo JG. Application progress of anti-TNF biologic agents for uveitis[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2014, 34(12): 1187-1189. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0330.

1. Rao RC, Dlouhy BJ. Mechanisms and management of retinopathy of prematurity[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(12): 1161-1162. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1301021#SA1.
2. Gilbert C, Foster A. Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020--the right to sight[J]. Bull World Health Organ, 2001, 79(3): 227-232. DOI: 10.1590/S0042-96862001000300011.
3. Itai T, Tanaka M, Nagata S. Processing of tumor necrosis factor by the membrane-bound TNF-alpha-converting enzyme, but not its truncated soluble form[J]. Eur J Biochem, 2001, 268(7): 2074-2082. DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02085.x.
4. Baeyens KJ, De Bondt HL, Raeymaekers A, et al. The structure of mouse tumour-necrosis factor at 1.4 A resolution: towards modulation of its selectivity and trimerization[J]. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 1999, 55(Pt 4): 772-778. DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998018435.
5. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis[J]. Nature, 2011, 473(7347): 298-307. DOI: 10.1038/nature10144.
6. Stack G, Snyder EL. Cytokine generation in stored platelet concentrates[J]. Transfusion, 1994, 34(1): 20-25. DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34194098597.x.
7. Zeng H, Ding M, Chen XX, et al. Microglial NADPH oxidase activation mediates rod cell death in the retinal degeneration in rd mice[J]. Neuroscience, 2014, 275: 54-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.065.
8. Boyle JJ, Weissberg PL, Bennett MR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes macrophage-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis by direct and autocrine mechanisms[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2003, 23(9): 1553-1558. DOI: 10.1161/01.Atv.0000086961.44581.B7.
9. Cardier JE, Erickson-Miller CL. Fas (CD95)- and tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis in liver endothelial cells: role of caspase-3 and the p38 MAPK[J]. Microvasc Res, 2002, 63(1): 10-18. DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2001.2360.
10. Majka S, McGuire PG, Das A. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression by tumor necrosis factor in a murine model of retinal neovascularization[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2002, 43(1): 260-266.
11. Bouzoukis DI, Kymionis GD, Panagopoulou SI, et al. Visual outcomes and safety of a small diameter intrastromal refractive inlay for the corneal compensation of presbyopia[J]. J Refract Surg, 2012, 28(3): 168-173. DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20120124-02.
12. Cohen PS, Nakshatri H, Dennis J, et al. CNI-1493 inhibits monocyte/macrophage tumor necrosis factor by suppression of translation efficiency[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93(9): 3967-3971. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.9.3967.
13. Bianchi M, Bloom O, Raabe T, et al. Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes by a tetravalent guanylhydrazone[J]. J Exp Med, 1996, 183(3): 927-936. DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.3.927.
14. Gardiner TA, Gibson DS, de Gooyer TE, et al. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha improves physiological angiogenesis and reduces pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy[J]. Am J Pathol, 2005, 166(2): 637-644. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62284-5.
15. Silveira RC, Fortes Filho JB, Procianoy RS. Assessment of the contribution of cytokine plasma levels to detect retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(3): 1297-1301. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6279.
16. Dammann O, Brinkhaus MJ, Bartels DB, et al. Immaturity, perinatal inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity: a multi-hit hypothesis[J]. Early Hum Dev, 2009, 85(5): 325-329. DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.010.
17. Ryuto M, Ono M, Izumi H, et al. Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by tumor necrosis factor alpha in human glioma cells: possible roles of SP-1[J]. J Biol Chem, 1996, 271(45): 28220-28228. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28220.
18. Lee J, Dammann O. Perinatal infection, inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med, 2012, 17(1): 26-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2011.08.007.
19. Polam S, Koons A, Anwar M, et al. Effect of chorioamnionitis on neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants[J]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2005, 159(11): 1032-1035. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.159.11.1032.
20. Shima Y, Zubair M, Ishihara S, et al. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus-specific enhancer of Ad4BP/SF-1 gene[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 2005, 19(11): 2812-2823. DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0431.
21. Yossuck P, Yan Y, Tadesse M, et al. Dexamethasone alters TNF-alpha expression in retinopathy[J]. Mol Genet Metab, 2001, 72(2): 164-167. DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2000.3124.
22. Yoshida S, Yoshida A, Ishibashi T. Induction of IL-8, MCP-1, and bFGF by TNF-alpha in retinal glial cells: implications for retinal neovascularization during post-ischemic inflammation[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2004, 242(5): 409-413. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-004-0874-2.
23. Hammes HP. Pericytes and the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2005, 37 Suppl 1: S39-43. DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861361.
24. Adamis AP. Is diabetic retinopathy an inflammatory disease?[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2002, 86(4): 363-365. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.86.4.363.
25. Runkle EA, Antonetti DA. The blood-retinal barrier: structure and functional significance[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2011, 686: 133-148. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-938-3_5.
26. Shirasawa M, Sonoda S, Terasaki H, et al. TNF-alpha disrupts morphologic and functional barrier properties of polarized retinal pigment epithelium[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 110: 59-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.02.012.
27. Yin XM. Bid, a critical mediator for apoptosis induced by the activation of Fas/TNF-R1 death receptors in hepatocytes[J]. J Mol Med (Berl), 2000, 78(4): 203-211. DOI: 10.1007/s001090000099.
28. Sartorius U, Schmitz I, Krammer PH. Molecular mechanisms of death-receptor-mediated apoptosis[J]. Chembiochem, 2001, 2(1): 20-29. DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20010105)2:1<20::AID-CBIC20>3.0.CO;2-X.
29. Stanger BZ, Leder P, Lee TH, et al. RIP: a novel protein containing a death domain that interacts with Fas/APO-1(CD95) in yeast and causes cell death[J]. Cell, 1995, 81(4): 513-523. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90072-1.
30. Shen HM, Pervaiz S. TNF receptor superfamily-induced cell death: redox-dependent execution[J]. FASEB J, 2006, 20(10): 1589-1598. DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5603rev.
31. Babu D, Leclercq G, Goossens V, et al. Mitochondria and NADPH oxidases are the major sources of TNF-alpha/cycloheximide-induced oxidative stress in murine intestinal epithelial MODE-K cells[J]. Cell Signal, 2015, 27(6): 1141-1158. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.019.
32. Krady JK, Basu A, Allen CM, et al. Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression, microglial activation, and caspase-3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Diabetes, 2005, 54(5): 1559-1565. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1559.
33. Sennlaub F, Courtois Y, Goureau O. Inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates retinal apoptosis in ischemic proliferative retinopathy[J]. J Neurosci, 2002, 22(10): 3987-3993. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-10-03987.2002.
34. Brafman A, Mett I, Shafir M, et al. Inhibition of oxygen-induced retinopathy in RTP801-deficient mice[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2004, 45(10): 3796-3805. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-0052.
35. Higuchi A, Ohashi K, Kihara S, et al. Adiponectin suppresses pathological microvessel formation in retina through modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression[J]. Circ Res, 2009, 104(9): 1058-1065. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.194506.
36. Connor KM, SanGiovanni JP, Lofqvist C, et al. Increased dietary intake of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis[J]. Nat Med, 2007, 13(7): 868-873. DOI: 10.1038/nm1591.
37. Fu Z, Lofqvist CA, Shao Z, et al. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease retinal neovascularization by adipose-endoplasmic reticulum stress reduction to increase adiponectin[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2015, 101(4): 879-888. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.099291.
38. Darlow BA, Hutchinson JL, Henderson-Smart DJ, et al. Prenatal risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity among very preterm infants of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network[J]. Pediatrics, 2005, 115(4): 990-996. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1309.
39. Arenas IA, Armstrong SJ, Xu Y, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and vascular angiotensin Ⅱ in estrogen-deficient rats[J]. Hypertension, 2006, 48(3): 497-503. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000235865.03528.f1.
40. Cekmez F, Pirgon O, Aydemir G, et al. Correlation between cord blood apelin and IGF-1 levels in retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Biomark Med, 2012, 6(6): 821-825. DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.82.
41. Xin Q, Cheng B, Pan Y, et al. Neuroprotective effects of apelin-13 on experimental ischemic stroke through suppression of inflammation[J]. Peptides, 2015, 63: 55-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.016.
42. Zhang W, Zhang DG, Liang X, et al. Effects of apelin on retinal microglial cells in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity[J]. J Cell Biochem, 2018, 119(3): 2900-2910. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26473.
43. Li H, Yoneda M, Takeyama M, et al. Effect of infliximab on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced alterations in retinal microvascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2010, 26(6): 549-556. DOI: 10.1089/jop.2010.0079.
44. Schwartzman S, Schwartzman M. The use of biologic therapies in uveitis[J]. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2015, 49(3): 307-316. DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8455-6.
45. 张莲, 毕宏生, 郭俊国. 抗TNF生物制剂在葡萄膜炎临床治疗中的应用进展[J]. 眼科新进展, 2014, 34(12): 1187-1189. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0330.Zhang L, Bi HS, Guo JG. Application progress of anti-TNF biologic agents for uveitis[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2014, 34(12): 1187-1189. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0330.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α and retinopathy of prematurity

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