Choroid thickness analysis and related influencing factors in adolescents with different types of non-pathological high myopia_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Ji Yanyan ^1,2,3 , Li Zhongqing ³ , Wang Jia ³ ,  Chen Song ^1,2

1. Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China;
2. Tian Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China;
3. Liaocheng Aier Eye Hospital, Liaocheng 252100, China;

Corresponding author：

Chen Song, Email: chensong9999@126.com

Keywords：

Myopia, degenerative; Root cause analysis; Tomography, optical coherence; Choroidal thickness

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220411-00209

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To investigate the changes of choroid thickness in adolescents with different types of non-pathological high myopia (HM). Methods A retrospective observational study. From January 2021 to April 2022, 179 eyes of 101 adolescents with myopia in Liaocheng Aier Eye Hospital were collected and analyzed. According to the spherical equivalent (SE) and corneal curvature, subjects were divided into mild myopia or emmetical eye group (control group), HM group, occult HM group (OHM group) and super HM group (SHM group). There were 52 eyes in 30 cases, 47 eyes in 26 cases, 42 eyes in 24 cases and 38 eyes in 21 cases, respectively. Medical optometry, intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography (OCT), axial length (AL) and corneal curvature were measured. The macular foveal choroidal thickness was analyzed by using spectral-domain OCT. The diopter was expressed in SE. The thickness of choroid in the fovea of macular region was measured by enhanced deep imaging with frequency domain OCT. The thickness of choroid was measured in 9 regions within 1 mm, 3 mm from the fovea, including the upper, lower, nasal and temporal regions. Generalized estimating equation was used to compare the data among groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used to compare the data among groups. The correlation between AL, corneal curvature, intraocular pressure and choroidal thickness was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results The choroidal thickness in the foveal macula and the areas 1 mm and 3 mm away from the fovea were compared among the control group, HM group, OHM group and SHM group, the difference were significant (χ²=76.646, 36.715, 27.660, 35.301, 24.346, 38.093, 36.275, 33.584, 36.050; P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the choroidal thickness of the fovea and the choroidal thickness in each area within 1 and 3 mm from the fovea in the HM group, the OHM group and the SHM group were significantly thinner than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There were statistically significant differences in choroidal thickness in each region between the group and the SHM group, and between the OHM group and the SHM group (P＜0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that AL was negatively correlated with choroidal thickness in various regions (P＜0.05); SE was positively correlated with choroidal thickness in various regions (P＜0.05); corneal curvature and intraocular pressure had no significant correlation with choroidal thickness in various regions (P＞0.05). Conclusions The choroidal thickness of SHM is significantly lower than that of OHM and HM; OHM patients have lower SE. However, the choroidal thickness is significantly thinner. AL and SE are the influencing factors of choroidal thickness.

Citation： Ji Yanyan, Li Zhongqing, Wang Jia, Chen Song. Choroid thickness analysis and related influencing factors in adolescents with different types of non-pathological high myopia. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2022, 38(6): 462-467. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220411-00209 Copy

1.	Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, Duker JS, et al. The relationship between axial length and choroidal thickness in eyes with high myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2013, 155(2): 314-319. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.07.015.
2.	Benoudis L, Ingrand P, Jeau J, et al. Relationships between macular pigment optical density and lacquer cracks in high myopia[J]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2016, 39(7): 615-621. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2016.04.001.
3.	Teberik K, Kaya M. Retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with high myopia without maculopathy[J]. Pak J Med Sci, 2017, 33(6): 1438-1443. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.336.13726.
4.	Wong CW, Phua V, Lee SY, et al. Is choroidal or scleral thickness related to myopic macular degeneration[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(2): 907-913. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20742.
5.	中华医学会眼科学分会眼视光学组. 重视高度近视防控的专家共识(2017)[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2017, 19(7): 385-389. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2017.07.001.Ophthalmology Group, Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Attach importance to the consensus of experts on the prevention and control of high myopia(2017)[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 19(7): 385-389. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2017.07.001.
6.	吴静, 张传伟, 姚易硕, 等. FS-LASIK联合Triple-A切削模式矫正超高度近视[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2019, 21(6): 420-425. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2019.06.004.Wu J, Zhang CW, Yao YS, et al. FS-LASIK combined with triple-a for ultra-high myopia correction[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 21(6): 420-425. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2019.06.004.
7.	徐广第．屈光手术的适应症及手术注意事项[M]//徐广第. 眼科屈光学. 北京: 军事医学科学出版社, 2001: 48-60. Xu GD. The indication of refractive surgery and points for attention[M]//Xu GD. Ophthalmic refraction. Beijing: Military Medical Science Press, 2001: 48-60.
8.	王洪亮, 刘刚, 贾万程. 囊袋张力环植入在超高度近视并发白内障眼超声乳化白内障摘出术中的应用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2020, 38(2): 114-120. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.02.007.Wang HL, Lu G, Jia WC. Application of capsular tension ring implantation in Phacoemulsification for cataract complicated by high myopia[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 38(2): 114-120. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.02.007.
9.	韩雅军, 石晶, 谭小波, 等. 儿童隐匿性高度近视黄斑区视网膜厚度分析[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2021, 21(6): 1107-1111. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.6.34.Han YJ, Shi J, Tan XB, et al. Analysis of macular retinal thickness in children with latent high myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2021, 21(6): 1107-1111. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.6.34.
10.	韩雅军, 石晶, 谭小波, 等. 隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑区脉络膜厚度分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2020, 36(12): 922-928. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20201020-00496.Han YJ, Shi J, Tan XB, et al. Analysis of choroidal thickness in macular region of children with latent high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2020, 36(12): 922-928. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20201020-00496.
11.	Nickla DL, Totonelly K. Brief light exposure at night disrupts the circadian rhythms in eye growth and choroidal thickness in chicks[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2016, 146: 189-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.003.
12.	Zhou LX, Shao L, Xu L, et al. The relationship between scleral staphyloma and choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes: the Beijing eye study[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 9825[2017-08-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852194/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10660-z.
13.	Nickla DL, Wallman J. The multifunctional choroid[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2010, 29(2): 144-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002.
14.	Ho M, Liu DT, Chan VC, et al. Choroidal thickness measurement in myopic eyes by enhanced depth optical coherence tomography[J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(9): 1909-1914. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.005.
15.	莫亚, 肖西立, 何叶红, 等. 高度近视黄斑区视网膜及脉络膜厚度与中心视野相关性分析[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2013, 31(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.02.009.Mo Y, Xiao XL, He YH, et al. Correlation between macular retinal and choroidal thickness and central visual field in high myopia[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2013, 31(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.02.009.
16.	Wang NK, Lai CC, Chou CL, et al. Choroidal thickness and biometric markers for the screening of lacquer cracks in patients with high myopia[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(1): e53660[2013-01-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23349728/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053660.
17.	Nishida Y, Fujiwara T, Imamura Y, et al. Choroidal thickness and visual acuity in highly myopic eyes[J]. Retina, 2012, 32(7): 1229-1236. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318242b990.
18.	杨倩琪, 廖妙云, 张玉明. 近视儿童中心凹下脉络膜厚度的相关性[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2019, 19(12): 2080-2083. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.12.19.Yang QQ, Liao MY, Zhang YM. Correlation between subconcave choroid thickness and family history of myopia in children with myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2019, 19(12): 2080-2083. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.12.19.
19.	田雨, 王松田, 郭珊, 等. 不同近视程度对青少年脉络膜厚度变化的影响[J]. 实用医药杂志, 2020, 37(2): 117-120. DOI: 10.14172/j.issn1671-4008.2020.02.006.Tian Y, Wang ST, Guo S, et al. Effect of different degree of myopia on chorioretinal thickness in adolescents[J]. Prac J Med & Pharm, 2020, 37(2): 117-120. DOI: 10.14172/j.issn1671-4008.2020.02.006.
20.	Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, et al. Choroidal thickness in myopic and nonmyopic children assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(12): 7578-7586. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12772.
21.	Qi Y, Li L, Zhang F. Choroidal thickness in Chinese aged 8 to 11 years with mild and moderate myopia[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2018, 2018: 72701027[2018-05-31]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29955394/. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7270127.
22.	徐玲, 易敬林, 杜红岩. 近视儿童黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度的变化特征及影响因素[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2021, 21(3): 540-544. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.3.34.Xu L, Yi JL, Du HY. Variation characteristics and influencing factors of choroidal thickness of subfoveal fovea in children with myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2021, 21(3): 540-544. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.3.34.
23.	Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, et al. Choroidal thickness in childhood[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(5): 3586-3593. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11732.
24.	Turan KE, Sekeroglu HT, Baytaroglu A, et al. Normative values for opitcal coherence tomography parameters in healthy children and interexaminer agreement for choroidal thickness measurements[J]. Arq Bras Oftalmol, 2018, 81(1): 3-6. DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20180003.
25.	EI-Shazly AA, Farweez YA, EI Sebaay ME, et al, Correlation between choroidal thickness and degree of myopia assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2017, 27(5): 577-584. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000936.

1. Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, Duker JS, et al. The relationship between axial length and choroidal thickness in eyes with high myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2013, 155(2): 314-319. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.07.015.
2. Benoudis L, Ingrand P, Jeau J, et al. Relationships between macular pigment optical density and lacquer cracks in high myopia[J]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2016, 39(7): 615-621. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2016.04.001.
3. Teberik K, Kaya M. Retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with high myopia without maculopathy[J]. Pak J Med Sci, 2017, 33(6): 1438-1443. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.336.13726.
4. Wong CW, Phua V, Lee SY, et al. Is choroidal or scleral thickness related to myopic macular degeneration[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(2): 907-913. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20742.
5. 中华医学会眼科学分会眼视光学组. 重视高度近视防控的专家共识(2017)[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2017, 19(7): 385-389. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2017.07.001.Ophthalmology Group, Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Attach importance to the consensus of experts on the prevention and control of high myopia(2017)[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 19(7): 385-389. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2017.07.001.
6. 吴静, 张传伟, 姚易硕, 等. FS-LASIK联合Triple-A切削模式矫正超高度近视[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2019, 21(6): 420-425. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2019.06.004.Wu J, Zhang CW, Yao YS, et al. FS-LASIK combined with triple-a for ultra-high myopia correction[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 21(6): 420-425. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2019.06.004.
7. 徐广第．屈光手术的适应症及手术注意事项[M]//徐广第. 眼科屈光学. 北京: 军事医学科学出版社, 2001: 48-60. Xu GD. The indication of refractive surgery and points for attention[M]//Xu GD. Ophthalmic refraction. Beijing: Military Medical Science Press, 2001: 48-60.
8. 王洪亮, 刘刚, 贾万程. 囊袋张力环植入在超高度近视并发白内障眼超声乳化白内障摘出术中的应用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2020, 38(2): 114-120. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.02.007.Wang HL, Lu G, Jia WC. Application of capsular tension ring implantation in Phacoemulsification for cataract complicated by high myopia[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 38(2): 114-120. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.02.007.
9. 韩雅军, 石晶, 谭小波, 等. 儿童隐匿性高度近视黄斑区视网膜厚度分析[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2021, 21(6): 1107-1111. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.6.34.Han YJ, Shi J, Tan XB, et al. Analysis of macular retinal thickness in children with latent high myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2021, 21(6): 1107-1111. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.6.34.
10. 韩雅军, 石晶, 谭小波, 等. 隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑区脉络膜厚度分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2020, 36(12): 922-928. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20201020-00496.Han YJ, Shi J, Tan XB, et al. Analysis of choroidal thickness in macular region of children with latent high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2020, 36(12): 922-928. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20201020-00496.
11. Nickla DL, Totonelly K. Brief light exposure at night disrupts the circadian rhythms in eye growth and choroidal thickness in chicks[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2016, 146: 189-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.003.
12. Zhou LX, Shao L, Xu L, et al. The relationship between scleral staphyloma and choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes: the Beijing eye study[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 9825[2017-08-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852194/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10660-z.
13. Nickla DL, Wallman J. The multifunctional choroid[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2010, 29(2): 144-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002.
14. Ho M, Liu DT, Chan VC, et al. Choroidal thickness measurement in myopic eyes by enhanced depth optical coherence tomography[J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(9): 1909-1914. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.005.
15. 莫亚, 肖西立, 何叶红, 等. 高度近视黄斑区视网膜及脉络膜厚度与中心视野相关性分析[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2013, 31(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.02.009.Mo Y, Xiao XL, He YH, et al. Correlation between macular retinal and choroidal thickness and central visual field in high myopia[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2013, 31(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2013.02.009.
16. Wang NK, Lai CC, Chou CL, et al. Choroidal thickness and biometric markers for the screening of lacquer cracks in patients with high myopia[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(1): e53660[2013-01-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23349728/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053660.
17. Nishida Y, Fujiwara T, Imamura Y, et al. Choroidal thickness and visual acuity in highly myopic eyes[J]. Retina, 2012, 32(7): 1229-1236. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318242b990.
18. 杨倩琪, 廖妙云, 张玉明. 近视儿童中心凹下脉络膜厚度的相关性[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2019, 19(12): 2080-2083. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.12.19.Yang QQ, Liao MY, Zhang YM. Correlation between subconcave choroid thickness and family history of myopia in children with myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2019, 19(12): 2080-2083. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.12.19.
19. 田雨, 王松田, 郭珊, 等. 不同近视程度对青少年脉络膜厚度变化的影响[J]. 实用医药杂志, 2020, 37(2): 117-120. DOI: 10.14172/j.issn1671-4008.2020.02.006.Tian Y, Wang ST, Guo S, et al. Effect of different degree of myopia on chorioretinal thickness in adolescents[J]. Prac J Med & Pharm, 2020, 37(2): 117-120. DOI: 10.14172/j.issn1671-4008.2020.02.006.
20. Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, et al. Choroidal thickness in myopic and nonmyopic children assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(12): 7578-7586. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12772.
21. Qi Y, Li L, Zhang F. Choroidal thickness in Chinese aged 8 to 11 years with mild and moderate myopia[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2018, 2018: 72701027[2018-05-31]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29955394/. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7270127.
22. 徐玲, 易敬林, 杜红岩. 近视儿童黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度的变化特征及影响因素[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2021, 21(3): 540-544. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.3.34.Xu L, Yi JL, Du HY. Variation characteristics and influencing factors of choroidal thickness of subfoveal fovea in children with myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2021, 21(3): 540-544. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2021.3.34.
23. Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, et al. Choroidal thickness in childhood[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(5): 3586-3593. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11732.
24. Turan KE, Sekeroglu HT, Baytaroglu A, et al. Normative values for opitcal coherence tomography parameters in healthy children and interexaminer agreement for choroidal thickness measurements[J]. Arq Bras Oftalmol, 2018, 81(1): 3-6. DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20180003.
25. EI-Shazly AA, Farweez YA, EI Sebaay ME, et al, Correlation between choroidal thickness and degree of myopia assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2017, 27(5): 577-584. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000936.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Choroid thickness analysis and related influencing factors in adolescents with different types of non-pathological high myopia

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content