- 1. Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- 2. Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410035, China;
- 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to the First Medical University of Shandong Province, Jinan 250021, China;
Tang Shibo,
Email: tangshibo@vip.163.com
Due to the high incidence and the earlier onset age, high myopia has become an important public health problem in China. Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery has been developed for over 60 years in order to control the rapid progression and complications of high myopia. By suturing a certain size of material on the surface of the posterior eyeball, thickness and elasticity modulus of the local sclera significantly increase. As the result, the rapid growth of the axial length and the chorioretinopathy could be alleviated. At present, controversies about its clinical efficacy and safety still exist, so posterior scleral reinforcement surgery has not been widely carried out all over the world. An in-depth analysis of the mechanism, surgical manipulations and materials, the clinical application status of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery on control of high myopia can provide a basis for further standardized application of this surgery
| 1. | Borley WE, Snyder AA. Surgical treatment of high myopia; the combined lamellar scleral resection with scleral reinforcement using donor eye[J]. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1958, 62(6): 791-801. |
| 2. | Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, et al. Morphologic analysis in pathologic myopia using high-penetration optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(7): 3834-3838. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9811. |
| 3. | Hayashi M, Ito Y, Takahashi A, et al. Scleral thickness in highly myopic eyes measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography[J]. Eye (Lond), 2013, 27(3): 410-417. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.289. |
| 4. | Zhou LX, Shao L, Xu L, et al. The relationship between scleral staphyloma and choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes: The Beijing Eye Study[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 9825[2017-08-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852194/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10660-z. |
| 5. | Park UC, Lee EK, Kim BH, et al. Decreased choroidal and scleral thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 7987[2021-04-12]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846467/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87065-6. |
| 6. | Jonas JB, Ohno-Matsui K, Holbach L, et al. Histology of myopic posterior scleral staphylomas[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2020, 98(7): e856-e863[2020-03-19]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32190987/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.14405. |
| 7. | Weiyi C, Wang X, Wang C, et al. An experimental study on collagen content and biomechanical properties of sclera after posterior sclera reinforcement[J]. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2008, 23: S17-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.10.013. |
| 8. | Zhang Z, Qi Y, Wei W, et al. Investigation of macular choroidal thickness and blood flow change by optical coherence tomography angiography after posterior scleral reinforcement[J/OL]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 8658259[2021-04-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34017847/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.658259. |
| 9. | Mo J, Duan AL, Chan SY, et al. Application of optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment of posterior scleral reinforcement for pathologic myopia[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(12): 1761-1765. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.12.10. |
| 10. | 欧阳朝祜, 褚仁远, 赵梅, 等. 牛心包补片应用于后巩膜加固术的早期安全性与生物相容性[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002.Ouyang CH, Chu RY, Zhao M, et al. Early safety and biological compatibility of a bovine pericardium patch for posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Chin J Optom Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002. |
| 11. | Wong FF, Lari DR, Schultz DS, et al. Whole globe inflation testing of exogenously crosslinked sclera using genipin and methylglyoxal[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2012, 103: 17-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.06.010. |
| 12. | Ma J, Wu F, Liu Z, et al. Biomechanical considerations of patching material for posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J/OL]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 9888542[2022-05-16]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35652073/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888542. |
| 13. | Jacob-LaBarre JT, Assouline M, Byrd T, et al. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials: I. development and in vivo tissue biocompatibility response[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1994, 28(6): 699-712. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820280607. |
| 14. | Jacob JT, Lin JJ, Mikal SP. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials. III. Changes in surface and bulk physical properties[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1997, 37(4): 525-533. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19971215)37:4<525::aid-jbm11>3.0.co;2-7. |
| 15. | Yan Z, Wang C, Chen W, et al. Biomechanical considerations: evaluating scleral reinforcement materials for pathological myopia[J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2010, 45(3): 252-255. DOI: 10.3129/i09-279. |
| 16. | 郑一仁, 刘乔. 几种后巩膜加固术方法介绍[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 1992, 10(1): 5-7.Zheng YR, Liu Q. Several methods of posterior scleral reinforcement are introduced[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 1992, 10(1): 5-7. |
| 17. | Avetisov ES, Tarutta EP, Iomdina EN, et al. Nonsurgical and surgical methods of sclera reinforcement in progressive myopia[J]. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 1997, 75(6): 618-623. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00617.x. |
| 18. | Snyder AA, Thompson FB. A simplified technique for surgical treatment of degenerative myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1972, 74(2): 273-277. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(72)90544-2. |
| 19. | 薛安全, 王树林, 朱双倩, 等. 改良的后巩膜加固术治疗病理理性近视的疗效观察[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2007, 9(5): 332-334. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1801.2007.05.012.Xue AQ, Wang SL, Zhu SQ, et al. Observation on the effect of modified posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of pathologic myopia[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2007, 9(5): 332-334. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1801.2007.05.012. |
| 20. | 朱双倩, 王勤美, 郑林燕, 等. 后巩膜加固术治疗病理理性近视黄黄斑劈裂[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2014, 16(3): 177-180. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2014.03.012.Zhu SQ, Wang QM, Zheng LY, et al. Effect of posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of pathological myopic macular retinoschisis[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 16(3): 177-180. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2014.03.012. |
| 21. | 关微, 李秀娟, 张金嵩. 变性近视后巩膜加固术随访5年的效果分析[J]. 中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2019, 41(5): 344-348. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2019.05.005.Guan W, Li XJ, Zhang JS. Five years follow-up analysis of the efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement for degenerative myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2019, 41(5): 344-348. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2019.05.005. |
| 22. | 籍雪颖, 张金嵩, 孙宏亮. 后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视黄斑劈裂[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2009, 27(8): 823-825. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2009.08.013.Ji XY, Zhang JS, Sun HL. The effect of posterior scleral reinforcement for treatment of high myopia macular splitting[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2009, 27(8): 823-825. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2009.08.013. |
| 23. | Miao Z, Li L, Meng X, et al. Modified posterior scleral reinforcement as a treatment for high myopia in children and its therapeutic effect[J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 5185780[2019-01-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30805365/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5185780. |
| 24. | Dong X, Liu J, Bu J. The efficacy of modified posterior scleral reinforcement with round scleral patches in Chinese children with high myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(7): 1543-1547. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04646-3. |
| 25. | 文宝红, 杨歌, 程敬亮, 等. 磁共振成像三维打印技术在高度近视后巩膜加固手术前后的应用[J]. 中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2017, 39(10): 750-753. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.10.008.Wen BH, Yang G, Cheng JL, et al. The application of three-dimensional printing technology of MRI in posterior sclera reinforcement surgery for high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2017, 39(10): 750-753. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.10.008. |
| 26. | Wen B, Yang G, Cheng J, et al. Using high-resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging to quantitatively analyze the shape of eyeballs with high myopia and provide assistance for posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2017, 238(3): 154-162. DOI: 10.1159/000477466. |
| 27. | Ward B, Tarutta EP, Mayer MJ. The efficacy and safety of posterior pole buckles in the control of progressive high myopia[J]. Eye (Lond), 2009, 23(12): 2169-2174. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.433. |
| 28. | Xue A, Zheng L, Tan G, et al. Genipin-crosslinked donor sclera for posterior scleral contraction/reinforcement to fight progressive myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 59(8): 3564-3573. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23707. |
| 29. | Karabatsas CH, Waldock A, Potts MJ. Cilioretinal artery occlusion following scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 1997, 75(3): 316-318. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00784.x. |
| 30. | Forlini M, Szkaradek M, Rejdak R, et al. Modification of adjustable macular buckling with 29-G chandelier light for optimal positioning in highly myopic eyes with macular hole[J]. Retin Cases Brief Rep, 2017, 11(3): 249-254. DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000361. |
| 31. | 文宝红, 杨鸽, 程敬亮, 等. 磁共振三维成像在高度近视后巩膜加固手术前后的应用[J]. 中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2017, 39(3): 169-172. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.03.003.Wen BH, Yang G, Cheng JL, et al. The application of three-dimensional MRI for posterior sclera reinforcement of patients with high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2017, 39(3): 169-172. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.03.003. |
| 32. | Curtin BJ, Whitmore WG. Long-term results of scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1987, 103(4): 544-548. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74278-3. |
| 33. | Huang W, Duan A, Qi Y. Posterior scleral reinforcement to prevent progression of high myopia[J]. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2019, 8(5): 366-370. DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000257. |
| 34. | Chen CA, Lin PY, Wu PC. Treatment effect of posterior scleral reinforcement on controlling myopia progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(5): e0233564[2020-05-26]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32453804/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233564. |
| 35. | Chen M, Dai J, Chu R, et al. The efficacy and safety of modified Snyder-Thompson posterior scleral reinforcement in extensive high myopia of Chinese children[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 251(11): 2633-2638. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2429-x. |
| 36. | Széll N, Boross A, Facsko A, et al. Results with posterior scleral reinforcement for progressive highly myopic children in hungary[J]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd, 2022, 239(9): 1125-1131. DOI: 10.1055/a-1328-2586. |
| 37. | Peng C, Xu J, Ding X, et al. Effects of posterior scleral reinforcement in pathological myopia: a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 257(3): 607-617. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-04212-y. |
| 38. | Xue A, Bao F, Zheng L, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement on progressive high myopic young patients[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2014, 91(4): 412-418. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000201. |
| 39. | 刘修铎, 吕嘉华, 褚仁远. 后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视眼的远期临床疗效观察[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010.Liu XD, Lyu JH, Chu RY. Long-term studies on clinical therapeutic efficiency of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010. |
| 40. | Gerinec A, Slezakova G. Posterior scleroplasty in children with severe myopia[J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001, 102(2): 73-78. |
| 41. | Tideman JWL, Polling JR, Vingerling JR, et al. Axial length growth and the risk of developing myopia in European children[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2018, 96(3): 301-309. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13603. |
| 42. | Zhang ZY, Chu RY, Zhang XR, et al. Physical characteristics of ocular structures in Chinese children with emmetropia[J]. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 2011, 48(1): 50-56. DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20100420-06. |
| 43. | Song HT, Kim YJ, Lee SJ, et al. Relations between age, weight, refractive error and eye shape by computerized tomography in children[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2007, 21(3): 163-168. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2007.21.3.163. |
| 44. | Shen ZM, Zhang ZY, Zhang LY, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement combined with patching therapy for pre-school children with unilateral high myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2015, 253(8): 1391-1395. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-2963-9. |
| 45. | Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2012, 32(1): 3-16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x. |
| 46. | 张熙芳, 乔利亚, 李晓霞, 等. 病理性近视眼患者后巩膜加固术后视网膜及脉络膜厚度与血流改变的初步研究[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2017, 53(1): 39-45. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2017.01.009.Zhang XF, Qiao LY, Li XX, et al. A preliminary study on macular retinal and choroidal thickness and blood flow change after posterior scleral reinforcement by optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53(1): 39-45. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2017.01.009. |
| 47. | 王红波, 翟敏, 孙凤仙. 高度近视后巩膜加固术后眼后部血流动力学的观察[J]. 中国医师进修杂志, 2013, 36(15): 60-62. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4904.2013.15.024.Wang HB, Zhai M, Sun FX. Hemodynamics of posterior eye after scleral reinforcement in high myopia[J]. Chin J Postgra Med, 2013, 36(15): 60-62. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4904.2013.15.024. |
| 48. | Ji X, Wang J, Zhang J, et al. The effect of posterior scleral reinforcement for high myopia macular splitting[J]. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(2): 662-666. DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900236. |
| 49. | Zhu Z, Ji X, Zhang J, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic patients[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 37(7): 660-663. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02111.x. |
| 50. | Pan AP, Wan T, Zhu SQ, et al. Clinical investigation of the posterior scleral contraction to treat macular traction maculopathy in highly myopic eyes[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 743256[2017-02-21]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28220890/. DOI: 10.1038/srep43256. |
| 51. | Ye J, Pan AP, Zhu S, et al. Posterior scleral contraction to treat myopic foveoschisis in highly myopic eyes[J]. Retina, 2021, 41(5): 1047-1056. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002997. |
| 52. | Ye J, Wu Y, Zhu S, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of posterior scleral contraction in the treatment of macular hole with retinal detachment in high myopia[J]. Retina, 2021, 41(9): 1874-1882. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003126. |
| 53. | Zheng L, Pan A, Zhu S, et al. Posterior scleral contraction to treat recurrent or persistent macular detachment after previous vitrectomy in highly myopic eyes[J]. Retina, 2019, 39(1): 193-201. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002217. |
| 54. | He Q, Wang X, Shi Q, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement for the treatment of myopic traction maculopathy[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2022, 22(1): 273. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02497-6. |
| 55. | Li XJ, Yang XP, Li QM, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement combined with vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(2): 258-261. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.02.14. |
| 56. | Qi Y, Duan AL, You QS, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement and vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis in extreme myopia[J]. Retina, 2015, 35(2): 351-357. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000313. |
| 57. | Zhu S, Xue A, Li H, et al. Posterior scleral contraction to treat myopic traction maculopathy at different stages[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2022, 14(1): 389-395. |
| 58. | Sun CB, Xue AQ, Yao K. Is posterior scleral reinforcement sufficient for the treatment of myopic foveoschisis?[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2010, 38(4): 429-430. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02287_1.x. |
| 59. | Ma J, Li H, Ding X, et al. Effectiveness of combined macular buckle under direct vision and vitrectomy with ILM peeling in refractory macular hole retinal detachment with extreme high axial myopia: a 24-month comparative study[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2017, 101(10): 1386-1394. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-310123. |
| 60. | Cao K, Wang J, Zhang J, et al. The effectiveness and safety of posterior scleral reinforcement with vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(2): 257-271. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04550-5. |
| 61. | Parolini B, Palmieri M, Finzi A, et al. Proposal for the management of myopic traction maculopathy based on the new MTM staging system[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2021, 31(6): 3265-3276. DOI: 10.1177/1120672120980943. |
| 62. | Huang Y, Qi Y, Wei WB, et al. Long-term outcome of pathologic myopic foveoschisis treated with posterior scleral reinforcement followed by vitrectomy[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(6): 975-982. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.06.16. |
| 63. | Li Y, Qi Y, Sun M, et al. Clinical feasibility and safety of scleral collagen cross-linking by riboflavin and ultraviolet a in pathological myopia blindness: a pilot study[J]. Ophthalmol Ther, 2023, 12(2): 853-866. DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00633-5. |
- 1. Borley WE, Snyder AA. Surgical treatment of high myopia; the combined lamellar scleral resection with scleral reinforcement using donor eye[J]. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1958, 62(6): 791-801.
- 2. Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, et al. Morphologic analysis in pathologic myopia using high-penetration optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(7): 3834-3838. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9811.
- 3. Hayashi M, Ito Y, Takahashi A, et al. Scleral thickness in highly myopic eyes measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography[J]. Eye (Lond), 2013, 27(3): 410-417. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.289.
- 4. Zhou LX, Shao L, Xu L, et al. The relationship between scleral staphyloma and choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes: The Beijing Eye Study[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 9825[2017-08-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852194/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10660-z.
- 5. Park UC, Lee EK, Kim BH, et al. Decreased choroidal and scleral thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 7987[2021-04-12]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846467/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87065-6.
- 6. Jonas JB, Ohno-Matsui K, Holbach L, et al. Histology of myopic posterior scleral staphylomas[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2020, 98(7): e856-e863[2020-03-19]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32190987/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.14405.
- 7. Weiyi C, Wang X, Wang C, et al. An experimental study on collagen content and biomechanical properties of sclera after posterior sclera reinforcement[J]. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2008, 23: S17-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.10.013.
- 8. Zhang Z, Qi Y, Wei W, et al. Investigation of macular choroidal thickness and blood flow change by optical coherence tomography angiography after posterior scleral reinforcement[J/OL]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 8658259[2021-04-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34017847/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.658259.
- 9. Mo J, Duan AL, Chan SY, et al. Application of optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment of posterior scleral reinforcement for pathologic myopia[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(12): 1761-1765. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.12.10.
- 10. 欧阳朝祜, 褚仁远, 赵梅, 等. 牛心包补片应用于后巩膜加固术的早期安全性与生物相容性[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002.Ouyang CH, Chu RY, Zhao M, et al. Early safety and biological compatibility of a bovine pericardium patch for posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Chin J Optom Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002.
- 11. Wong FF, Lari DR, Schultz DS, et al. Whole globe inflation testing of exogenously crosslinked sclera using genipin and methylglyoxal[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2012, 103: 17-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.06.010.
- 12. Ma J, Wu F, Liu Z, et al. Biomechanical considerations of patching material for posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J/OL]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 9888542[2022-05-16]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35652073/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888542.
- 13. Jacob-LaBarre JT, Assouline M, Byrd T, et al. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials: I. development and in vivo tissue biocompatibility response[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1994, 28(6): 699-712. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820280607.
- 14. Jacob JT, Lin JJ, Mikal SP. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials. III. Changes in surface and bulk physical properties[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1997, 37(4): 525-533. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19971215)37:4<525::aid-jbm11>3.0.co;2-7.
- 15. Yan Z, Wang C, Chen W, et al. Biomechanical considerations: evaluating scleral reinforcement materials for pathological myopia[J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2010, 45(3): 252-255. DOI: 10.3129/i09-279.
- 16. 郑一仁, 刘乔. 几种后巩膜加固术方法介绍[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 1992, 10(1): 5-7.Zheng YR, Liu Q. Several methods of posterior scleral reinforcement are introduced[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 1992, 10(1): 5-7.
- 17. Avetisov ES, Tarutta EP, Iomdina EN, et al. Nonsurgical and surgical methods of sclera reinforcement in progressive myopia[J]. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 1997, 75(6): 618-623. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00617.x.
- 18. Snyder AA, Thompson FB. A simplified technique for surgical treatment of degenerative myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1972, 74(2): 273-277. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(72)90544-2.
- 19. 薛安全, 王树林, 朱双倩, 等. 改良的后巩膜加固术治疗病理理性近视的疗效观察[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2007, 9(5): 332-334. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1801.2007.05.012.Xue AQ, Wang SL, Zhu SQ, et al. Observation on the effect of modified posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of pathologic myopia[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2007, 9(5): 332-334. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1801.2007.05.012.
- 20. 朱双倩, 王勤美, 郑林燕, 等. 后巩膜加固术治疗病理理性近视黄黄斑劈裂[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2014, 16(3): 177-180. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2014.03.012.Zhu SQ, Wang QM, Zheng LY, et al. Effect of posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of pathological myopic macular retinoschisis[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 16(3): 177-180. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2014.03.012.
- 21. 关微, 李秀娟, 张金嵩. 变性近视后巩膜加固术随访5年的效果分析[J]. 中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2019, 41(5): 344-348. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2019.05.005.Guan W, Li XJ, Zhang JS. Five years follow-up analysis of the efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement for degenerative myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2019, 41(5): 344-348. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2019.05.005.
- 22. 籍雪颖, 张金嵩, 孙宏亮. 后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视黄斑劈裂[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2009, 27(8): 823-825. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2009.08.013.Ji XY, Zhang JS, Sun HL. The effect of posterior scleral reinforcement for treatment of high myopia macular splitting[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2009, 27(8): 823-825. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2009.08.013.
- 23. Miao Z, Li L, Meng X, et al. Modified posterior scleral reinforcement as a treatment for high myopia in children and its therapeutic effect[J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 5185780[2019-01-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30805365/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5185780.
- 24. Dong X, Liu J, Bu J. The efficacy of modified posterior scleral reinforcement with round scleral patches in Chinese children with high myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(7): 1543-1547. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04646-3.
- 25. 文宝红, 杨歌, 程敬亮, 等. 磁共振成像三维打印技术在高度近视后巩膜加固手术前后的应用[J]. 中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2017, 39(10): 750-753. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.10.008.Wen BH, Yang G, Cheng JL, et al. The application of three-dimensional printing technology of MRI in posterior sclera reinforcement surgery for high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2017, 39(10): 750-753. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.10.008.
- 26. Wen B, Yang G, Cheng J, et al. Using high-resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging to quantitatively analyze the shape of eyeballs with high myopia and provide assistance for posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2017, 238(3): 154-162. DOI: 10.1159/000477466.
- 27. Ward B, Tarutta EP, Mayer MJ. The efficacy and safety of posterior pole buckles in the control of progressive high myopia[J]. Eye (Lond), 2009, 23(12): 2169-2174. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.433.
- 28. Xue A, Zheng L, Tan G, et al. Genipin-crosslinked donor sclera for posterior scleral contraction/reinforcement to fight progressive myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 59(8): 3564-3573. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23707.
- 29. Karabatsas CH, Waldock A, Potts MJ. Cilioretinal artery occlusion following scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 1997, 75(3): 316-318. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00784.x.
- 30. Forlini M, Szkaradek M, Rejdak R, et al. Modification of adjustable macular buckling with 29-G chandelier light for optimal positioning in highly myopic eyes with macular hole[J]. Retin Cases Brief Rep, 2017, 11(3): 249-254. DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000361.
- 31. 文宝红, 杨鸽, 程敬亮, 等. 磁共振三维成像在高度近视后巩膜加固手术前后的应用[J]. 中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2017, 39(3): 169-172. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.03.003.Wen BH, Yang G, Cheng JL, et al. The application of three-dimensional MRI for posterior sclera reinforcement of patients with high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Traum Occupat Eye Dis, 2017, 39(3): 169-172. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1477.2017.03.003.
- 32. Curtin BJ, Whitmore WG. Long-term results of scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1987, 103(4): 544-548. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74278-3.
- 33. Huang W, Duan A, Qi Y. Posterior scleral reinforcement to prevent progression of high myopia[J]. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2019, 8(5): 366-370. DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000257.
- 34. Chen CA, Lin PY, Wu PC. Treatment effect of posterior scleral reinforcement on controlling myopia progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(5): e0233564[2020-05-26]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32453804/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233564.
- 35. Chen M, Dai J, Chu R, et al. The efficacy and safety of modified Snyder-Thompson posterior scleral reinforcement in extensive high myopia of Chinese children[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 251(11): 2633-2638. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2429-x.
- 36. Széll N, Boross A, Facsko A, et al. Results with posterior scleral reinforcement for progressive highly myopic children in hungary[J]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd, 2022, 239(9): 1125-1131. DOI: 10.1055/a-1328-2586.
- 37. Peng C, Xu J, Ding X, et al. Effects of posterior scleral reinforcement in pathological myopia: a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 257(3): 607-617. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-04212-y.
- 38. Xue A, Bao F, Zheng L, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement on progressive high myopic young patients[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2014, 91(4): 412-418. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000201.
- 39. 刘修铎, 吕嘉华, 褚仁远. 后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视眼的远期临床疗效观察[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010.Liu XD, Lyu JH, Chu RY. Long-term studies on clinical therapeutic efficiency of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010.
- 40. Gerinec A, Slezakova G. Posterior scleroplasty in children with severe myopia[J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001, 102(2): 73-78.
- 41. Tideman JWL, Polling JR, Vingerling JR, et al. Axial length growth and the risk of developing myopia in European children[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2018, 96(3): 301-309. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13603.
- 42. Zhang ZY, Chu RY, Zhang XR, et al. Physical characteristics of ocular structures in Chinese children with emmetropia[J]. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 2011, 48(1): 50-56. DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20100420-06.
- 43. Song HT, Kim YJ, Lee SJ, et al. Relations between age, weight, refractive error and eye shape by computerized tomography in children[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2007, 21(3): 163-168. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2007.21.3.163.
- 44. Shen ZM, Zhang ZY, Zhang LY, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement combined with patching therapy for pre-school children with unilateral high myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2015, 253(8): 1391-1395. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-2963-9.
- 45. Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2012, 32(1): 3-16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x.
- 46. 张熙芳, 乔利亚, 李晓霞, 等. 病理性近视眼患者后巩膜加固术后视网膜及脉络膜厚度与血流改变的初步研究[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2017, 53(1): 39-45. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2017.01.009.Zhang XF, Qiao LY, Li XX, et al. A preliminary study on macular retinal and choroidal thickness and blood flow change after posterior scleral reinforcement by optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53(1): 39-45. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2017.01.009.
- 47. 王红波, 翟敏, 孙凤仙. 高度近视后巩膜加固术后眼后部血流动力学的观察[J]. 中国医师进修杂志, 2013, 36(15): 60-62. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4904.2013.15.024.Wang HB, Zhai M, Sun FX. Hemodynamics of posterior eye after scleral reinforcement in high myopia[J]. Chin J Postgra Med, 2013, 36(15): 60-62. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4904.2013.15.024.
- 48. Ji X, Wang J, Zhang J, et al. The effect of posterior scleral reinforcement for high myopia macular splitting[J]. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(2): 662-666. DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900236.
- 49. Zhu Z, Ji X, Zhang J, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic patients[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 37(7): 660-663. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02111.x.
- 50. Pan AP, Wan T, Zhu SQ, et al. Clinical investigation of the posterior scleral contraction to treat macular traction maculopathy in highly myopic eyes[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 743256[2017-02-21]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28220890/. DOI: 10.1038/srep43256.
- 51. Ye J, Pan AP, Zhu S, et al. Posterior scleral contraction to treat myopic foveoschisis in highly myopic eyes[J]. Retina, 2021, 41(5): 1047-1056. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002997.
- 52. Ye J, Wu Y, Zhu S, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of posterior scleral contraction in the treatment of macular hole with retinal detachment in high myopia[J]. Retina, 2021, 41(9): 1874-1882. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003126.
- 53. Zheng L, Pan A, Zhu S, et al. Posterior scleral contraction to treat recurrent or persistent macular detachment after previous vitrectomy in highly myopic eyes[J]. Retina, 2019, 39(1): 193-201. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002217.
- 54. He Q, Wang X, Shi Q, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement for the treatment of myopic traction maculopathy[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2022, 22(1): 273. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02497-6.
- 55. Li XJ, Yang XP, Li QM, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement combined with vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(2): 258-261. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.02.14.
- 56. Qi Y, Duan AL, You QS, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement and vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis in extreme myopia[J]. Retina, 2015, 35(2): 351-357. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000313.
- 57. Zhu S, Xue A, Li H, et al. Posterior scleral contraction to treat myopic traction maculopathy at different stages[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2022, 14(1): 389-395.
- 58. Sun CB, Xue AQ, Yao K. Is posterior scleral reinforcement sufficient for the treatment of myopic foveoschisis?[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2010, 38(4): 429-430. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02287_1.x.
- 59. Ma J, Li H, Ding X, et al. Effectiveness of combined macular buckle under direct vision and vitrectomy with ILM peeling in refractory macular hole retinal detachment with extreme high axial myopia: a 24-month comparative study[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2017, 101(10): 1386-1394. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-310123.
- 60. Cao K, Wang J, Zhang J, et al. The effectiveness and safety of posterior scleral reinforcement with vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(2): 257-271. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04550-5.
- 61. Parolini B, Palmieri M, Finzi A, et al. Proposal for the management of myopic traction maculopathy based on the new MTM staging system[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2021, 31(6): 3265-3276. DOI: 10.1177/1120672120980943.
- 62. Huang Y, Qi Y, Wei WB, et al. Long-term outcome of pathologic myopic foveoschisis treated with posterior scleral reinforcement followed by vitrectomy[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(6): 975-982. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.06.16.
- 63. Li Y, Qi Y, Sun M, et al. Clinical feasibility and safety of scleral collagen cross-linking by riboflavin and ultraviolet a in pathological myopia blindness: a pilot study[J]. Ophthalmol Ther, 2023, 12(2): 853-866. DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00633-5.