- 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan China, 430000;
Chen Bo,
Email: eyechen@aliyun.com
The pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease (VKH) has not yet been fully defined. Current studies mainly suggest that VKH is actually an autoimmune disease, especially related to the immune response mediated by various signal transduction pathways involved in the function of T cells. In recent years, the influence of the balance imbalance of various T cell subsets in cellular immunity on the pathogenesis of VKH has been a hot research direction. Currently, T helper cell 17/T regulatory cells, balance is the focus of clinical research, meanwhile, new discoveries and potential clinical treatment schemes have been made for related cellular pathways, particularly the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and NF-kappa B pathway. The exploration of B cells in the pathogenesis of VKH has also achieved initial results through the successful application of various targeted drugs. In the future, further screening and localization of genes or proteins that are abnormally regulated or expressed in VKH, for which early comprehensive and in-depth exploration will be helpful, thus improve the efficacy of clinical treatment programs and develop new therapeutic targets.
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| 5. | Liang L, Peng XY, Wang H. Th lymphocyte subsets in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2019, 12(2): 207-211. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.02.04. |
| 6. | Zhang W, Chen Z, Yi K, et al. TET2-mediated upregulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in LRRC39 promoter promotes Th1 response in association with downregulated Treg response in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J/OL]. Clin Immunol, 2023, 250: 109323[2023-04-03]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37019422/. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109323. |
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| 8. | Wu L, Wen H, Zhou Y, et al. Activation of the liver X receptor inhibits Th17 and Th1 responses in Behcet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Curr Mol Med, 2014, 14(6): 712-722. DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140724100135. |
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- 1. 黄果, 杨培增. Vogt-小柳原田综合征的治疗进展[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2017, 17(6): 1082-1086. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2017.6.18.Huang G, Yang PZ. Advances in treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome[J]. Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2017, 17(6): 1082-1086. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2017.6.18.
- 2. Zhu J. T helper cell differentiation, heterogeneity, and plasticity[J/OL]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2018, 10(10): a030338[2018-10-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28847903/. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a030338.
- 3. Sakaguchi M, Sugita S, Sagawa K, et al. Cytokine production by T cells infiltrating in the eye of uveitis patients[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 1998, 42(4): 262-268. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-5155(98)00016-1.
- 4. Patil YB, Garg R, Rajguru JP, et al. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome: a new perspective for healthcare professionals[J]. J Family Med Prim Care, 2020, 9(1): 31-35. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_787_19.
- 5. Liang L, Peng XY, Wang H. Th lymphocyte subsets in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2019, 12(2): 207-211. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.02.04.
- 6. Zhang W, Chen Z, Yi K, et al. TET2-mediated upregulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in LRRC39 promoter promotes Th1 response in association with downregulated Treg response in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J/OL]. Clin Immunol, 2023, 250: 109323[2023-04-03]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37019422/. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109323.
- 7. Deng B, Ye Z, Li L, et al. Higher expression of NOD1 and NOD2 is associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome but not Behcet's disease (BD)[J]. Curr Mol Med, 2016, 16(4): 424-435. DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666160316153038.
- 8. Wu L, Wen H, Zhou Y, et al. Activation of the liver X receptor inhibits Th17 and Th1 responses in Behcet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Curr Mol Med, 2014, 14(6): 712-722. DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140724100135.
- 9. De la Cruz-Mosso U, García-Iglesias T, Bucala R, et al. MIF promotes a differential Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammatory response in human primary cell cultures: predominance of Th17 cytokine profile in PBMC from healthy subjects and increase of IL-6 and TNF-α in PBMC from active SLE patients[J]. Cell Immunol, 2018, 324: 42-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.12.010.
- 10. Yi S, Chang R, Hu J, et al. Disabled-2 (DAB2) overexpression inhibits monocyte-derived dendritic cells' function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 59(11): 4662-4669. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24630.
- 11. Qiu Y, Yu H, Zhu Y, et al. Hypermethylation of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) confers risk to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 1007[2017-04-21]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28432342/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01249-7.
- 12. Hu J, Yi S, Wang C, et al. A20 Inhibits intraocular inflammation in mice by regulating the function of CD4+T cells and RPE cells[J/OL]. Front Immunol, 2021, 11: 603939[2021-02-04]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33613524/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603939.
- 13. Shu J, Su G, Zhang J, et al. Analyses of circRNA and mRNA profiles in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease[J/OL]. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 738760[2021-12-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35003060/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738760.
- 14. Saravia J, Chapman NM, Chi H. Helper T cell differentiation[J]. Cell Mol Immunol, 2019, 16(7): 634-643. DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0220-6.
- 15. Lee GR. The balance of Th17 versus Treg cells in autoimmunity[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2018, 19(3): 730[2018-03-03]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29510522/. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030730.
- 16. Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang X, et al. lncRNA-GM targets Foxo1 to promote T cell-mediated autoimmunity[J/OL]. Sci Adv, 2022, 8(31): eabn9181[2022-08-05]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35930633/. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9181.
- 17. Khan H, Sureda A, Belwal T, et al. Polyphenols in the treatment of autoimmune diseases[J]. Autoimmun Rev, 2019, 18(7): 647-657. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.001.
- 18. Villegas SN, Gombos R, García-López L, et al. PI3K/Akt cooperates with oncogenic notch by inducing nitric oxide-dependent inflammation[J]. Cell Rep, 2018, 22(10): 2541-2549. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.049.
- 19. Kraus EE, Kakuk-Atkins L, Farinas MF, et al. Regulation of autoreactive CD4 T cells by FoxO1 signaling in CNS autoimmunity[J/OL]. J Neuroimmunol, 2021, 359: 577675[2021-10-15]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34403862/. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577675.
- 20. Li H, Xie L, Zhu L, et al. Multicellular immune dynamics implicate PIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for uveitis[J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1): 5866. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33502-7.
- 21. Ebeid DE, Firouzi F, Esquer CY, et al. PIM1 promotes survival of cardiomyocytes by upregulating c-Kit protein expression[J/OL]. Cells, 2020, 9(9): 2001[2020-08-31]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32878131/. DOI: 10.3390/cells9092001.
- 22. Hedrick SM, Hess Michelini R, Doedens AL, et al. FOXO transcription factors throughout T cell biology[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2012, 12(9): 649-661. DOI: 10.1038/nri3278.
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- 24. Banerjee S, Biehl A, Gadina M, et al. JAK-STAT signaling as a target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: current and future prospects[J]. Drugs, 2017, 77(5): 521-546. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0701-9.
- 25. Gorman JA, Hundhausen C, Kinsman M, et al. The TYK2-P1104A autoimmune protective variant limits coordinate signals required to generate specialized T Cell subsets[J/OL]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 44[2019-01-25]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30740104/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00044.
- 26. Traves PG, Murray B, Campigotto F, et al. JAK selectivity and the implications for clinical inhibition of pharmacodynamic cytokine signalling by Filgotinib, Upadacitinib, Tofacitinib and Baricitinib[J]. Ann Rheum Dis, 2021, 80(7): 865-875. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219012.
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