Research progress on macular development in pediatric cataract and its impact on visual prognosis_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Wang Houshuo , Li Yunqian , Shen Yanyu ,  Liu Zhenzhen

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat~sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China;

Corresponding author：

Liu Zhenzhen, Email: liuzhenzhen@gzzoc.com

Keywords：

Pediatric cataract; Macular development; Visual prognosis; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20241216-00485

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Childhood cataract is a disease that affects the development of children's vision. It is divided into infants and adolescents according to the age of onset. Surgery is the main treatment, but the vision after surgery is difficult to reach the level of healthy children. Macular dysplasia is an important factor affecting postoperative visual acuity. In recent years, with the development of optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, more and more research has been done on macular development of children's cataract. The retinal structure in the macular area of children with cataract is abnormal, and the early inflammatory reaction after surgery can also lead to structural changes. In addition, insufficient blood supply to the macular area may affect retinal structure and function. The mechanism by which childhood cataract affects macular structure is still unclear and needs further study. Understanding the relationship between macular structure and vision prognosis is helpful to develop more effective treatment and improve the vision prognosis of children.

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1. Liu YC, Wilkins M, Kim T, et al. Cataracts[J]. Lancet, 2017, 390(10094): 600-612. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30544-5.
2. Tariq MA, Uddin QS, Ahmed B, et al. Prevalence of pediatric cataract in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Curr Ophthalmol, 2022, 34(2): 148-159. DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_339_21.
3. Writing Committee for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG), Repka MX, Dean TW, et al. Visual acuity and ophthalmic outcomes in the year after cataract surgery among children younger than 13 years[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2019, 137(7): 817-824. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1220.
4. Hendrickson A, Possin D, Vajzovic L, et al. Histologic development of the human fovea from midgestation to maturity[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2012, 154(5): 767-778. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.05.007.
5. Wang CT, Chang YH, Tan GSW, et al. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in pediatric retinal diseases[J]. Diagnostics (Basel), 2023, 13(8): 1461. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081461.
6. Hsu ST, Ngo HT, Stinnett SS, et al. Assessment of macular microvasculature in healthy eyes of infants and children using OCT angiography[J]. Ophthalmology, 2019, 126(12): 1703-1711. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.06.028.
7. Lee H, Purohit R, Patel A, et al. In vivo foveal development using optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(8): 4537-4545. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16542.
8. Provis JM, Hendrickson AE. The foveal avascular region of developing human retina[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126(4): 507-511. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.4.507.
9. He Y, Chen X, Tsui I, et al. Insights into the developing fovea revealed by imaging[J/OL]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 202, 90: 101067[2022-09-20]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35595637/. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101067.
10. Selvam S, Kumar T, Fruttiger M. Retinal vasculature development in health and disease[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 63: 1-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.001.
11. Provis JM, Leech J, Diaz CM, et al. Development of the human retinal vasculature: cellular relations and VEGF expression[J]. Exp Eye Res, 1997, 65(4): 555-568. DOI: 10.1006/exer.1997.0365.
12. Hughes S, Yang H, Chan-Ling T, et al. Vascularization of the human fetal retina: roles of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2000, 41(5): 1217-1228.
13. Provis JM. Development of the primate retinal vasculature[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2001, 20(6): 799-821. DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(01)00012-x.
14. Kozulin P, Natoli R, O'Brien KM, et al. Differential expression of anti-angiogenic factors and guidance genes in the developing macula[J]. Mol Vis, 2009, 15: 45-59.
15. Lutty GA, McLeod DS. Development of the hyaloid, choroidal and retinal vasculatures in the fetal human eye[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 62: 58-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.10.001.
16. 康峥, 杨晖. 学龄前儿童脉络膜厚度的研究[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2019, 55(2): 111-114. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2019.02.008.Kang Z, Yang H. Choroidal thickness in preschool children[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55(2): 111-114. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2019.02.008.
17. Read SA, Alonso-Caneiro D, Vincent SJ, et al. Longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness and eye growth in childhood[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(5): 3103-3112. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16446.
18. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study design and baseline patient characteristics: ETDRS report number 7[J]. Ophthalmology, 1991, 98(5 Suppl): 741-756. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(13)38009-9.
19. Kim YW, Kim SJ, Yu YS. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis in deprivational amblyopia: a pilot study with unilateral pediatric cataract patients[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 251(12): 2811-2819. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2494-1.
20. Wang J, Smith HA, Donaldson DL, et al. Macular structural characteristics in children with congenital and developmental cataracts[J]. J AAPOS, 2014, 18(5): 417-422. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.05.008.
21. Hansen MM, Bach Holm D, Kessel L. Associations between visual function and ultrastructure of the macula and optic disc after childhood cataract surgery[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2022, 100(6): 640-647. DOI: 10.1111/aos.15065.
22. Al-Haddad C, Mehanna CJ, Ismail K. High-definition optical coherence tomography of the macula in deprivational amblyopia[J]. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina, 2018, 49(3): 198-204. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20180221-08.
23. Daniel MC, Dubis AM, MacPhee B, et al. Optical coherence tomography findings after childhood lensectomy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 60(13): 4388-4396. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26806.
24. Long E, Chen J, Liu Z, et al. Interocular anatomical and visual functional differences in pediatric patients with unilateral cataracts[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2016, 16(1): 192. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0371-5.
25. Wang D, Tian T, Wang J, et al. Longitudinal changes of the macular structure after lens removal combined with anterior vitrectomy after pediatric cataract surgery[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2020, 46(8): 1108-1113. DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000226.
26. Sen P, Shah C, Sachdeva M, et al. Central macular thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography after cataract surgery in pediatric population[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2022, 70(12): 4331-4336. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1114_22.
27. Passani A, Sframeli AT, Posarelli C, et al. Macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography values and correlations in healthy children[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2019, 39(11): 2449-2457. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01085-w.
28. Giovannini A, Amato G, Mariotti C. The macular thickness and volume in glaucoma: an analysis in normal and glaucomatous eyes using OCT[J]. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl, 2002, 236: 34-36. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.80.s236.44.x.
29. Curcio CA, Allen KA. Topography of ganglion cells in human retina[J]. J Comp Neurol, 1990, 300(1): 5-25. DOI: 10.1002/cne.903000103.
30. 袁晓萌, 张稚平, 石艳梅, 等. 视网膜神经纤维层的定量评估在视网膜疾病中的应用[J]. 眼科学报, 2023, 38(3): 253-259. DOI: 10.12419/j.issn.1000-4432.2023.03.09.Yuan XM, Zhang ZP, Shi YM, et al. Application of quantitative assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer in retinal diseases[J]. Eye Science, 2023, 38(3): 253-259. DOI: 10.12419/j.issn.1000-4432.2023.03.09.
31. Bansal P, Ram J, Sukhija J, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness measurements in children after cataract surgery compared with age-matched controls[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2016, 166: 126-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.03.041.
32. 周薇薇, 刘春民, 苏满想, 等. 先天性白内障致形觉剥夺性弱视眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度分析[J]. 中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志, 2011, 19(4): 149-152. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-328X.2011.04.002.Zhou WW, Liu CM, Su MX, et al. Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with form-deprivation amblyopia induced by congenital cataract[J]. Chinese Journal of Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology, 2011, 19(4): 149-152. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-328X.2011.04.002.
33. 赵于渔, 赵云娥. 先天性白内障形觉剥夺性弱视眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度的研究[J]. 国际眼科纵览, 2019, 43(3): 199-203. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2019.03.012.Zhao YY, Zhao YE. The research of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with form deprivation amblyopia due to congenital cataract[J]. Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2019, 43(3): 199-203. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2019.03.012.
34. Magli A, Esposito Veneruso P, Rinaldi M, et al. Long-term effects of early/late-onset visual deprivation on macular and retinal nerve fibers layer structure: a pilot study[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(3): e0283423[2023-03-23]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36952524/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283423.
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