Advances in methods and applications of electroencephalogram microstate analysis_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

WANG Haili ^1,2,3 ,  YIN Ning ^1,2,3 , XU Guizhi ^1,2,3

1. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China;
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China;
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, TianJin 300130, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Electroencephalogram signals; Microstate analysis; Brain disease; Brain cognition

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202206007

Video：

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Electroencephalogram ( EEG) is characterized by high temporal resolution, and various EEG analysis methods have developed rapidly in recent years. The EEG microstate analysis method can be used to study the changes of the brain in the millisecond scale, and can also present the distribution of EEG signals in the topological level, thus reflecting the discontinuous and nonlinear characteristics of the whole brain. After more than 30 years of enrichment and improvement, EEG microstate analysis has penetrated into many research fields related to brain science. In this paper, the basic principles of EEG microstate analysis methods are summarized, and the changes of characteristic parameters of microstates, the relationship between microstates and brain functional networks as well as the main advances in the application of microstate feature extraction and classification in brain diseases and brain cognition are systematically described, hoping to provide some references for researchers in this field.

Citation： WANG Haili, YIN Ning, XU Guizhi. Advances in methods and applications of electroencephalogram microstate analysis. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(1): 163-170. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202206007 Copy

1.	黄海云, 蔡跃新, 李远清. 基于脑电信号的耳鸣患者静息态频谱图及注意力研究. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 492-497.
2.	Jadav G M, Lerga J, Tajduhar I. Adaptive filtering and analysis of EEG signals in the time-frequency domain based on the local entropy. Eurasip J Adv Sig Pr, 2020, 2020(6): 1187-1188.
3.	Lehmann D, Ozaki H, Pal I. EEG alpha map series: brain micro-states by space-oriented adaptive segmentation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 1987, 67(3): 271-288.
4.	Chu C G, Wang X, Cai L H, et al. Spatiotemporal EEG microstate analysis in drug-free patients with Parkinson's disease. NeuroImage Clin, 2020, 25: 102132.
5.	Michel C M, Koenig T. EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: a review. Neuroimage, 2017, 180(Pt B): 577-593.
6.	Murphy M, Whitton A E, Deccy S, et al. Abnormalities in electroencephalographic microstates are state and trait markers of major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020, 45(12): 2030-2037.
7.	Murphy M, Stickgold R, Öngür D. Electroencephalogram microstate abnormalities in early-course psychosis. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging, 2020, 5(1): 35-44.
8.	Damborská A, Tomescu M I, Honzírková E, et al. EEG resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics are related to depressive symptoms. Front Psychiatry, 2019, 10: 548-557.
9.	Al Zoubi O, Mayeli A, Tsuchiyagaito A, et al. EEG microstates temporal dynamics differentiate individuals with mood and anxiety disorders from healthy subjects. Front Hum Neurosci, 2019, 13: 56-66.
10.	Hanoglu L, Toplutas E, Saricaoglu M, et al. Therapeutic role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: electroencephalography microstate correlates. Front Neurosci, 2022, 16: 798558.
11.	Vellante F, Ferri F, Baroni G, et al. Euthymic bipolar disorder patients and EEG microstates: a neural signature of their abnormal self-experience?. J Affect Disord, 2020, 272: 326-334.
12.	Lian H, Li Y J, Li Y X. Altered EEG microstate dynamics in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol, 2021, 132(11): 2861-2869.
13.	Mackintosh A J, Borgwardt S, Studerus E, et al. EEG microstate differences in medicated vs. medication-naive first-episode psychosis patients. Front Psychiatry, 2020, 11: 600606.
14.	Pan Zhilin, Xiong Dongsheng, Xiao Huisi, et al. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with chronic schizophrenia: insights from EEG microstates. Psychiatry Research, 2021, 299: 113866.
15.	Jiang Y B, Zhu M Y, Hu Y, et al. Altered resting-state electroencephalography microstates in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: a prospective case-control study. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 710952.
16.	Peng A, Wang R, Huang J, et al. Abnormalities of resting-state electroencephalographic microstate in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Front Hum Neurosci, 2021, 15: 728405.
17.	Poskanzer C, Denis D, Herrick A, et al. Using EEG microstates to examine post-encoding quiet rest and subsequent word-pair memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 2020, 181: 107424.
18.	Muthukrishnan S P, Ahuja N, Mehta N, et al. Functional brain microstate predicts the outcome in a visuospatial working memory task. Behav Brain Res, 2016, 314(1): 134-142.
19.	Jabès A, Klencklen G, Ruggeri P, et al. Resting-state EEG microstates parallel age-related differences in allocentric spatial working memory performance. Brain Topogr, 2021, 34(4): 442-460.
20.	Zanesco A P, King B G, Skwara A C, et al. Within and between-person correlates of the temporal dynamics of resting EEG microstates. NeuroImage, 2020, 211(1): 116631.
21.	Kim K, Duc N T, Choi M, et al. EEG microstate features according to performance on a mental arithmetic task. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 343-356.
22.	D'Croz-Baron D F, Bréchet L, Baker M, et al. Auditory and visual tasks influence the temporal dynamics of EEG microstates during post-encoding rest. Brain Topogr, 2021, 34(1): 19-28.
23.	Zanesco A P, Skwara A C, King B G, et al. Meditation training modulates brain electric microstates and felt states of awareness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2021, 42(10): 3228-3252.
24.	Faber P L, Travis F, Milz P, et al. EEG microstates during different phases of transcendental meditation practice. Cogn Process, 2017, 18(3): 307-314.
25.	Pan D N, Hoid D, Gu R L, et al. Emotional working memory training reduces rumination and alters the EEG microstate in anxious individuals. Neuroimage Clin, 2020, 28: 102488.
26.	Liu H, Tang H, Wei W, et al. Altered peri-seizure EEG microstate dynamics in patients with absence epilepsy. Seizure, 2021, 88(1): 15-21.
27.	Seitzman B A, Abell M, Bartley S C, et al. Cognitive manipulation of brain electric microstates. Neuroimage, 2017, 146(1): 533-543.
28.	Bréchet L, Ziegler D A, Simon A J, et al. Reconfiguration of electroencephalography microstate networks after breath-focused, digital meditation training. Brain Connect, 2021, 11(2): 146-155.
29.	Guan K, Zhang Z, Chai X, et al. EEG based dynamic functional connectivity analysis in mental workload tasks with different types of information. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2022, 30: 632-642.
30.	Kim K, Duc N T, Choi M, et al. EEG microstate features for schizophrenia classification. PLoS One, 2021, 16(5): e0251842.
31.	Baradits M, Bitter I, Czobor P. Multivariate patterns of EEG microstate parameters and their role in the discrimination of patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls. Psychiatry Res, 2020, 288(1): 112938.
32.	Musaeus C S, Engedal K, Høgh P, et al. Changes in the left temporal microstate are a sign of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav, 2020, 10(6): e01630.
33.	Gotman J. Automatic recognition of epileptic seizures in the EEG. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1982, 54(5): 530-540.
34.	Ahmadi N, Pei Y, Carrette E, et al. EEG-based classification of epilepsy and PNES: EEG microstate and functional brain network features. Brain Inform, 2020, 7(1): 6.
35.	李昭阳, 伏云发. 基于EEG微状态方法的视觉想象识别研究. 计算机工程与科学, 2021, 43(3): 465-472.
36.	Li Y B, Chen M, Sun S, et al. Exploring differences for motor imagery using Teager energy operator-based EEG microstate analyses. J Integr Neurosci, 2021, 20(2): 411-417.
37.	Krylova M, Alizadeh S, Izyurov I, et al. Evidence for modulation of EEG microstate sequence by vigilance level. NeuroImage, 2021, 224(1): 117393.
38.	Li Y, Shi W, Liu Z, et al. Effective brain state estimation during propofol-induced sedation using advanced EEG microstate spectral analysis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2020, 25(4): 978-987.

1. 黄海云, 蔡跃新, 李远清. 基于脑电信号的耳鸣患者静息态频谱图及注意力研究. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 492-497.
2. Jadav G M, Lerga J, Tajduhar I. Adaptive filtering and analysis of EEG signals in the time-frequency domain based on the local entropy. Eurasip J Adv Sig Pr, 2020, 2020(6): 1187-1188.
3. Lehmann D, Ozaki H, Pal I. EEG alpha map series: brain micro-states by space-oriented adaptive segmentation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 1987, 67(3): 271-288.
4. Chu C G, Wang X, Cai L H, et al. Spatiotemporal EEG microstate analysis in drug-free patients with Parkinson's disease. NeuroImage Clin, 2020, 25: 102132.
5. Michel C M, Koenig T. EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: a review. Neuroimage, 2017, 180(Pt B): 577-593.
6. Murphy M, Whitton A E, Deccy S, et al. Abnormalities in electroencephalographic microstates are state and trait markers of major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020, 45(12): 2030-2037.
7. Murphy M, Stickgold R, Öngür D. Electroencephalogram microstate abnormalities in early-course psychosis. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging, 2020, 5(1): 35-44.
8. Damborská A, Tomescu M I, Honzírková E, et al. EEG resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics are related to depressive symptoms. Front Psychiatry, 2019, 10: 548-557.
9. Al Zoubi O, Mayeli A, Tsuchiyagaito A, et al. EEG microstates temporal dynamics differentiate individuals with mood and anxiety disorders from healthy subjects. Front Hum Neurosci, 2019, 13: 56-66.
10. Hanoglu L, Toplutas E, Saricaoglu M, et al. Therapeutic role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: electroencephalography microstate correlates. Front Neurosci, 2022, 16: 798558.
11. Vellante F, Ferri F, Baroni G, et al. Euthymic bipolar disorder patients and EEG microstates: a neural signature of their abnormal self-experience?. J Affect Disord, 2020, 272: 326-334.
12. Lian H, Li Y J, Li Y X. Altered EEG microstate dynamics in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol, 2021, 132(11): 2861-2869.
13. Mackintosh A J, Borgwardt S, Studerus E, et al. EEG microstate differences in medicated vs. medication-naive first-episode psychosis patients. Front Psychiatry, 2020, 11: 600606.
14. Pan Zhilin, Xiong Dongsheng, Xiao Huisi, et al. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with chronic schizophrenia: insights from EEG microstates. Psychiatry Research, 2021, 299: 113866.
15. Jiang Y B, Zhu M Y, Hu Y, et al. Altered resting-state electroencephalography microstates in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: a prospective case-control study. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 710952.
16. Peng A, Wang R, Huang J, et al. Abnormalities of resting-state electroencephalographic microstate in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Front Hum Neurosci, 2021, 15: 728405.
17. Poskanzer C, Denis D, Herrick A, et al. Using EEG microstates to examine post-encoding quiet rest and subsequent word-pair memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 2020, 181: 107424.
18. Muthukrishnan S P, Ahuja N, Mehta N, et al. Functional brain microstate predicts the outcome in a visuospatial working memory task. Behav Brain Res, 2016, 314(1): 134-142.
19. Jabès A, Klencklen G, Ruggeri P, et al. Resting-state EEG microstates parallel age-related differences in allocentric spatial working memory performance. Brain Topogr, 2021, 34(4): 442-460.
20. Zanesco A P, King B G, Skwara A C, et al. Within and between-person correlates of the temporal dynamics of resting EEG microstates. NeuroImage, 2020, 211(1): 116631.
21. Kim K, Duc N T, Choi M, et al. EEG microstate features according to performance on a mental arithmetic task. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 343-356.
22. D'Croz-Baron D F, Bréchet L, Baker M, et al. Auditory and visual tasks influence the temporal dynamics of EEG microstates during post-encoding rest. Brain Topogr, 2021, 34(1): 19-28.
23. Zanesco A P, Skwara A C, King B G, et al. Meditation training modulates brain electric microstates and felt states of awareness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2021, 42(10): 3228-3252.
24. Faber P L, Travis F, Milz P, et al. EEG microstates during different phases of transcendental meditation practice. Cogn Process, 2017, 18(3): 307-314.
25. Pan D N, Hoid D, Gu R L, et al. Emotional working memory training reduces rumination and alters the EEG microstate in anxious individuals. Neuroimage Clin, 2020, 28: 102488.
26. Liu H, Tang H, Wei W, et al. Altered peri-seizure EEG microstate dynamics in patients with absence epilepsy. Seizure, 2021, 88(1): 15-21.
27. Seitzman B A, Abell M, Bartley S C, et al. Cognitive manipulation of brain electric microstates. Neuroimage, 2017, 146(1): 533-543.
28. Bréchet L, Ziegler D A, Simon A J, et al. Reconfiguration of electroencephalography microstate networks after breath-focused, digital meditation training. Brain Connect, 2021, 11(2): 146-155.
29. Guan K, Zhang Z, Chai X, et al. EEG based dynamic functional connectivity analysis in mental workload tasks with different types of information. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2022, 30: 632-642.
30. Kim K, Duc N T, Choi M, et al. EEG microstate features for schizophrenia classification. PLoS One, 2021, 16(5): e0251842.
31. Baradits M, Bitter I, Czobor P. Multivariate patterns of EEG microstate parameters and their role in the discrimination of patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls. Psychiatry Res, 2020, 288(1): 112938.
32. Musaeus C S, Engedal K, Høgh P, et al. Changes in the left temporal microstate are a sign of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav, 2020, 10(6): e01630.
33. Gotman J. Automatic recognition of epileptic seizures in the EEG. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1982, 54(5): 530-540.
34. Ahmadi N, Pei Y, Carrette E, et al. EEG-based classification of epilepsy and PNES: EEG microstate and functional brain network features. Brain Inform, 2020, 7(1): 6.
35. 李昭阳, 伏云发. 基于EEG微状态方法的视觉想象识别研究. 计算机工程与科学, 2021, 43(3): 465-472.
36. Li Y B, Chen M, Sun S, et al. Exploring differences for motor imagery using Teager energy operator-based EEG microstate analyses. J Integr Neurosci, 2021, 20(2): 411-417.
37. Krylova M, Alizadeh S, Izyurov I, et al. Evidence for modulation of EEG microstate sequence by vigilance level. NeuroImage, 2021, 224(1): 117393.
38. Li Y, Shi W, Liu Z, et al. Effective brain state estimation during propofol-induced sedation using advanced EEG microstate spectral analysis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2020, 25(4): 978-987.

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Advances in methods and applications of electroencephalogram microstate analysis

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