Macroscopic and mesoscopic biomechanical analysis of the bone unit in idiopathic scoliosis_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

WANG Zhaoyao ¹ ,  FU Rongchang ¹ , MA Yuan ² , YE Peng ¹

1. The School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P.R. China;
2. The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, P.R. China;

Corresponding author：

FU Rongchang, Email: 2781642414@qq.com

Keywords：

Idiopathic scoliosis; Finite element; Bone unit; Sub-models; Mesoscopic mechanical properties

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202212053

Video：

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To investigate the effects of postoperative fusion implantation on the mesoscopic biomechanical properties of vertebrae and bone tissue osteogenesis in idiopathic scoliosis, a macroscopic finite element model of the postoperative fusion device was developed, and a mesoscopic model of the bone unit was developed using the Saint Venant sub-model approach. To simulate human physiological conditions, the differences in biomechanical properties between macroscopic cortical bone and mesoscopic bone units under the same boundary conditions were studied, and the effects of fusion implantation on bone tissue growth at the mesoscopic scale were analyzed. The results showed that the stresses in the mesoscopic structure of the lumbar spine increased compared to the macroscopic structure, and the mesoscopic stress in this case is 2.606 to 5.958 times of the macroscopic stress; the stresses in the upper bone unit of the fusion device were greater than those in the lower part; the average stresses in the upper vertebral body end surfaces were ranked in the order of right, left, posterior and anterior; the stresses in the lower vertebral body were ranked in the order of left, posterior, right and anterior; and rotation was the condition with the greatest stress value in the bone unit. It is hypothesized that bone tissue osteogenesis is better on the upper face of the fusion than on the lower face, and that bone tissue growth rate on the upper face is in the order of right, left, posterior, and anterior; while on the lower face, it is in the order of left, posterior, right, and anterior; and that patients’ constant rotational movements after surgery is conducive to bone growth. The results of the study may provide a theoretical basis for the design of surgical protocols and optimization of fusion devices for idiopathic scoliosis.

Citation： WANG Zhaoyao, FU Rongchang, MA Yuan, YE Peng. Macroscopic and mesoscopic biomechanical analysis of the bone unit in idiopathic scoliosis. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(2): 303-312. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202212053 Copy

1.	Barton C B, Weinstein S L. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosisnatural history. Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis, Tokyo: Springer, 2018: 27-50. DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56541-3_2.
2.	Takeda K, Kou I, Otomo N, et al. A multiethnic meta-analysis defined the association of rs12946942 with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Journal of Human Genetics, 2019, 64(5): 493-498.
3.	Dunn J, Henrikson N B, Morrison C C, et al. Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA, 2018, 319(2): 173-187.
4.	Lo Y F, Huang Y C. Bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Hu LI Za Zhi, 2017, 64(2): 117-123.
5.	Choudhry M N, Ahmed Z, Verma R. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The Open Orthopaedics Journal, 2016, 10: 143-154.
6.	辛大奇, 王国强, 汉迪, 等. Lenke3型成人特发性脊柱侧凸有限元模拟手术建模: 5年2次建模评估. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(36): 5755-5763.
7.	Erbulut D U, Zafarparandeh I, Lazoglu I, et al. Application of an asymmetric finite element model of the C2-T1 cervical spine for evaluating the role of soft tissues in stability. Medical Engineering & Physics, 2014, 36(7): 915-921.
8.	Pintar F A, Yoganandan N, Myers T, et al. Biomechanical properties of human lumbar spine ligaments. Journal of Biomechanics, 1992, 25(11): 1351-1356.
9.	颜文涛, 赵改平, 方新果, 等. 人体腰椎L_(4~5)节段有限元建模及分析. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2014, 31(3): 612-618.
10.	Totoribe K, Chosa E, Tajima N. A biomechanical study of lumbar fusion based on a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method. Journal of spinal disorders & techniques, 2004, 17(2): 147-153.
11.	Guan T, Zhang Y, Anwar A, et al. Determination of three-dimensional corrective force in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and biomechanical finite element analysis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020, 8: 963.
12.	Cao F, Fu R, Wang W. Comparison of biomechanical performance of single-level triangular and quadrilateral profile anterior cervical plates. PLoS One, 2021, 16(4): e0250270.
13.	欧华. 重度僵硬脊柱侧弯三维有限元模型的建立及PVCR术生物力学分析. 昆明: 昆明医科大学, 2018.
14.	卢昌怀, 刘志军, 晏峻峰, 等. Lenke 1AN型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸不同置棒顺序矫形的有限元分析. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2019, 27(19): 1780-1784.
15.	朱海明, 丁亮, 张东, 等. 胸腰椎爆裂性骨折短节段伤椎固定三维有限元模型构建及生物力学比较研究. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2015, 23(10): 917-920.
16.	Kallemeyn N A, Tadepalli S C, Shivanna K H, et al. An interactive multiblock approach to meshing the spine. Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine, 2009, 95(3): 227-235.
17.	Nobakhti S, Limbert G, Thurner P J. Cement lines and interlamellar areas in compact bone as strain amplifiers–contributors to elasticity, fracture toughness and mechanotransductio. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2014, 29: 235-251.
18.	刘娟, 沈火明, 蔡振兵, 等. 人皮质骨径向微动损伤有限元分析与试验验证. 润滑与密封, 2010, 35(9): 13-17.
19.	Zheng J, Weng L Q, Shi M Y, et al. Effect of water content on the nanomechanical properties and microtribological behaviour of human tooth enamel. Wear, 2013, 301(1–2): 316-323.
20.	Lievers W B, Poljsak A S, Waldman S D, et al. Effects of dehydration-induced structural and material changes on the apparent modulus of cancellous bone. Medical Engineering & Physics, 2010, 32(8): 921-925.
21.	Markolf K L. Deformation of the thoracolumbar intervertebral joints in response to external loads: a biomechanical study using autopsy material. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery American Volume, 1972, 54(3): 511-533.
22.	Momeni Shahraki N, Fatemi A, Goel V K, et al. On the use of biaxial properties in modeling annulus as a Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden material. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2015, 3: 69-78.
23.	Spilker R L, Simon B R. Computational methods in bioengineering. England: ASME, 1988: 135-144.
24.	Markolf K L, Morris J M. The structural components of the intervertebral disc. A study of their contributions to the ability of the disc to withstand compressive forces. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery American Volume, 1974, 56(4): 675-687.
25.	Brown T, Hansen R J, Yorra A J. Some mechanical tests on the lumbosacral spine with particular reference to the intervertebral discs; a preliminary report. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery-American Volume, 1957, 39(5): 1135-1164.
26.	蒋成明, 蒋赛男, 唐烨, 等. 3D打印微孔钛合金融合器用于颈椎前路减压植骨融合对颈椎解剖学及应激激素的影响. 中国组织工程研究, 2023, 27(18): 2837-2841.
27.	于纬伦, 武晓刚, 李朝鑫, 等. 受载骨内液流刺激信号的跨尺度传导行为. 医用生物力学, 2020, 35(2): 208-215.

1. Barton C B, Weinstein S L. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosisnatural history. Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis, Tokyo: Springer, 2018: 27-50. DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56541-3_2.
2. Takeda K, Kou I, Otomo N, et al. A multiethnic meta-analysis defined the association of rs12946942 with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Journal of Human Genetics, 2019, 64(5): 493-498.
3. Dunn J, Henrikson N B, Morrison C C, et al. Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA, 2018, 319(2): 173-187.
4. Lo Y F, Huang Y C. Bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Hu LI Za Zhi, 2017, 64(2): 117-123.
5. Choudhry M N, Ahmed Z, Verma R. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The Open Orthopaedics Journal, 2016, 10: 143-154.
6. 辛大奇, 王国强, 汉迪, 等. Lenke3型成人特发性脊柱侧凸有限元模拟手术建模: 5年2次建模评估. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(36): 5755-5763.
7. Erbulut D U, Zafarparandeh I, Lazoglu I, et al. Application of an asymmetric finite element model of the C2-T1 cervical spine for evaluating the role of soft tissues in stability. Medical Engineering & Physics, 2014, 36(7): 915-921.
8. Pintar F A, Yoganandan N, Myers T, et al. Biomechanical properties of human lumbar spine ligaments. Journal of Biomechanics, 1992, 25(11): 1351-1356.
9. 颜文涛, 赵改平, 方新果, 等. 人体腰椎L_(4~5)节段有限元建模及分析. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2014, 31(3): 612-618.
10. Totoribe K, Chosa E, Tajima N. A biomechanical study of lumbar fusion based on a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method. Journal of spinal disorders & techniques, 2004, 17(2): 147-153.
11. Guan T, Zhang Y, Anwar A, et al. Determination of three-dimensional corrective force in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and biomechanical finite element analysis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020, 8: 963.
12. Cao F, Fu R, Wang W. Comparison of biomechanical performance of single-level triangular and quadrilateral profile anterior cervical plates. PLoS One, 2021, 16(4): e0250270.
13. 欧华. 重度僵硬脊柱侧弯三维有限元模型的建立及PVCR术生物力学分析. 昆明: 昆明医科大学, 2018.
14. 卢昌怀, 刘志军, 晏峻峰, 等. Lenke 1AN型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸不同置棒顺序矫形的有限元分析. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2019, 27(19): 1780-1784.
15. 朱海明, 丁亮, 张东, 等. 胸腰椎爆裂性骨折短节段伤椎固定三维有限元模型构建及生物力学比较研究. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2015, 23(10): 917-920.
16. Kallemeyn N A, Tadepalli S C, Shivanna K H, et al. An interactive multiblock approach to meshing the spine. Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine, 2009, 95(3): 227-235.
17. Nobakhti S, Limbert G, Thurner P J. Cement lines and interlamellar areas in compact bone as strain amplifiers–contributors to elasticity, fracture toughness and mechanotransductio. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2014, 29: 235-251.
18. 刘娟, 沈火明, 蔡振兵, 等. 人皮质骨径向微动损伤有限元分析与试验验证. 润滑与密封, 2010, 35(9): 13-17.
19. Zheng J, Weng L Q, Shi M Y, et al. Effect of water content on the nanomechanical properties and microtribological behaviour of human tooth enamel. Wear, 2013, 301(1–2): 316-323.
20. Lievers W B, Poljsak A S, Waldman S D, et al. Effects of dehydration-induced structural and material changes on the apparent modulus of cancellous bone. Medical Engineering & Physics, 2010, 32(8): 921-925.
21. Markolf K L. Deformation of the thoracolumbar intervertebral joints in response to external loads: a biomechanical study using autopsy material. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery American Volume, 1972, 54(3): 511-533.
22. Momeni Shahraki N, Fatemi A, Goel V K, et al. On the use of biaxial properties in modeling annulus as a Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden material. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2015, 3: 69-78.
23. Spilker R L, Simon B R. Computational methods in bioengineering. England: ASME, 1988: 135-144.
24. Markolf K L, Morris J M. The structural components of the intervertebral disc. A study of their contributions to the ability of the disc to withstand compressive forces. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery American Volume, 1974, 56(4): 675-687.
25. Brown T, Hansen R J, Yorra A J. Some mechanical tests on the lumbosacral spine with particular reference to the intervertebral discs; a preliminary report. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery-American Volume, 1957, 39(5): 1135-1164.
26. 蒋成明, 蒋赛男, 唐烨, 等. 3D打印微孔钛合金融合器用于颈椎前路减压植骨融合对颈椎解剖学及应激激素的影响. 中国组织工程研究, 2023, 27(18): 2837-2841.
27. 于纬伦, 武晓刚, 李朝鑫, 等. 受载骨内液流刺激信号的跨尺度传导行为. 医用生物力学, 2020, 35(2): 208-215.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Macroscopic and mesoscopic biomechanical analysis of the bone unit in idiopathic scoliosis

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