The research progress of colorectal adenomas mechanism_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LI Bing , WANG Shixu , LIU Yihang ,  WANG Chaoyang

Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Chaoyang, Email: wangchaoyang10475@163.com

Keywords：

colorectal adenoma; occurrence mechanism; relevant factor; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202407056

Video：

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Objective To investigate the association between colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and to analyze the main pathogenesis of CRA, in order to identify and control the key factors of CRA and reduce the incidence of CRC. Method The studies on the mechanism of CRA in recent years were searched and summarized, focusing on the interaction of inflammation, genetic and epigenetic changes, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and their effects on the development of CRA. Results Inflammation, genetic and epigenetic changes, intestinal flora and lipid metabolism play an important roles in the occurrence and development of CRA. These factors had a significant impact on the formation and progress of CRA at different stages through complex interaction, and had potential application value in preventing CRC. Conclusions Many factors participate in the occurrence and development of CRA and plays an important role, which provide reference for future research and clinical intervention.

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26.	Taniyama D, Taniyama K, Kuraoka K, et al. CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages relate to malignant transformation of colorectal adenoma. Anticancer Res, 2019, 39(6): 2767-2775.
27.	Broadfield LA, Pane AA, Talebi A, et al. Lipid metabolism in cancer: New perspectives and emerging mechanisms. Dev Cell, 2021, 56(10): 1363-1393.
28.	Tian Y, Wang K, Li J, et al. The association between serum lipids and colorectal neoplasm: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr, 2015, 18(18): 3355-3370.
29.	Xiong J, Wu Y, Chen D, et al. MAFLD with central obesity is associated with increased risk of colorectal adenoma and high-risk adenoma. BMC Gastroenterol, 2024, 24(1): 138. doi: 10.1186/s12876-024-03220-z.
30.	Schoeler M, Caesar R. Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2019, 20(4): 461-472.
31.	Sun Y, Zhang X, Hang D, et al. Integrative plasma and fecal metabolomics identify functional metabolites in adenoma-colorectal cancer progression and as early diagnostic biomarkers. Cancer cell, 2024, 42(8): 1386-1400.
32.	He X, Lan H, Jin K, et al. Cholesterol in colorectal cancer: an essential but tumorigenic precursor? Front Oncol, 2023, 13: 1276654. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276654.
33.	Wu Y, Pu X, Wang X, et al. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: a strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Lipids Health Dis, 2024, 23(1): 35. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02024-0.
34.	Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated fatty acids in obesity-associated inflammation. J Inflamm Res, 2020, 13: 1-14.
35.	Ahmed Nor EM, Saied EM, Mina SN, et al. Clinicopathological value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ki-67 expression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023, 73(Suppl 4)(4): S124-S130. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.EGY-S4-26.
36.	Wang B, Zhang J, Wang X, et al. Identification and clinical validation of key genes as the potential biomarkers in colorectal adenoma. BMC Cancer, 2023, 23(1): 39. doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-10422-9.
37.	肖博, 熊光冰, 肖体先, 等. 儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶在结直肠腺瘤和结直肠癌组织中的表达. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2015, 22(6): 705-709.
38.	Lu D, Wang M, Ke X, et al. Association between H. pylori infection and colorectal polyps: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 8: 706036. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.706036.
39.	Fujimori S. Progress in elucidating the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol, 2021, 27(47): 8040-8046.
40.	庄肇朦, 余炳取, 谢敏, 等. 结直肠腺瘤组织幽门螺杆菌富集与腺瘤临床及病理特征的相关性. 中华医学杂志, 2022, 102(44): 3543-3548.

1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249.
2. 黄理宾, 黄秋实, 杨烈. 全球及中国的结直肠癌流行病学特征及防治: 2022《全球癌症统计报告》解读. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2024, 31(5): 530-537.
3. Nguyen LH, Goel A, Chung DC. Pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology, 2020, 158(2): 291-302.
4. Baran B, Mert Ozupek N, Yerli Tetik N, et al. Difference between left-sided and right-sided colorectal cancer: A focused review of literature. Gastroenterology Res, 2018, 11(4): 264-273.
5. Løberg M, Holme Ø, Bretthauer M, et al. Colorectal adenomas, surveillance, and cancer. Lancet Oncol, 2017, 18(8): e427. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30473-4.
6. Tan C, Qin G, Wang QQ, et al. Clinicopathologic and endoscopic features of sessile serrated lesions and conventional adenomas: a large inpatient population-based study in China. Front Oncol, 2024, 14: 1337035. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1337035.
7. Wang Z, Chang Y, Sun H, et al. Advances in molecular mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Lett, 2024, 27(6): 257. doi: 10.3892/ol.2024.14390.
8. Ionescu VA, Gheorghe G, Bacalbasa N, et al. Colorectal cancer: from risk factors to oncogenesis. Medicina (Kaunas), 2023, 59(9): 1646. doi: 10.3390/medicina59091646.
9. Aceto GM, Catalano T, Curia MC. Molecular aspects of colorectal adenomas: The interplay among microenvironment, oxidative stress, and predisposition. Biomed Res Int, 2020, 2020: 1726309. doi: 10.1155/2020/1726309.
10. Hoang KD, Chen JH, Huang TW, et al. Oral aspirin for preventing colorectal adenoma recurrence: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 2024, 19(3): e0279784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279784.
11. Tsumuraya H, Okayama H, Katagata M, et al. TGFβ-responsive stromal activation occurs early in serrated colorectal carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(9): 4626. doi: 10.3390/ijms25094626.
12. Matas J, Kohrn B, Fredrickson J, et al. Colorectal cancer is associated with the presence of cancer driver mutations in normal colon. Cancer Res, 2022, 82(8): 1492-1502.
13. Smit WL, Spaan CN, Johannes de Boer R, et al. Driver mutations of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence govern the intestinal epithelial global translational capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020, 117(41): 25560-25570.
14. Liebl MC, Hofmann TG. The role of p53 signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(9): 2125. doi: 10.3390/cancers13092125.
15. Tariq K, Ghias K. Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: a review of mechanisms. Cancer Biol Med, 2016, 13(1): 120-135.
16. Abolghasemi Fard A, Mahmoodzadeh A. Unraveling the progression of colon cancer pathogenesis through epigenetic alterations and genetic pathways. Cureus, 2024, 16(5): e59503. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59503.
17. Kim J, Lee HK. Potential role of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer progression. Front Immunol, 2022, 12: 807648. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.807648.
18. Zhang Z, Bahaji Azami NL, Liu N, et al. Research progress of intestinal microecology in the pathogenesis of colorectal adenoma and carcinogenesis. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2023, 22: 15330338221135938. doi: 10.1177/15330338221135938.
19. Boulangé CL, Neves AL, Chilloux J, et al. Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease. Genome Med, 2016, 8(1): 42. doi: 10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2.
20. Goedert JJ, Gong Y, Hua X, et al. Fecal microbiota characteristics of patients with colorectal adenoma detected by screening: A population-based study. EBioMedicine, 2015, 2(6): 597-603.
21. Li Y, Li Q, Yuan R, et al. Bifidobacterium breve-derived indole-3-lactic acid ameliorates colitis-associated tumorigenesis by directing the differentiation of immature colonic macrophages. Theranostics, 2024, 14(7): 2719-2735.
22. Kc D, Sumner R, Lippmann S. Gut microbiota and health. Postgrad Med, 2020, 132(3): 274. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1662711.
23. Cheng E, Um CY, Prizment AE, et al. Evolutionary-concordance lifestyle and diet and mediterranean diet pattern scores and risk of incident colorectal cancer in Iowa women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2018, 27(10): 1195-1202.
24. Fu T, Huan T, Rahman G, et al. Paired microbiome and metabolome analyses associate bile acid changes with colorectal cancer progression. Cell Rep, 2023, 42(8): 112997. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112997.
25. Yang Y, Weng W, Peng J, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum increases proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and tumor development in mice by activating Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to nuclear factor-κB, and up-regulating expression of microRNA-21. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(4): 851-866.
26. Taniyama D, Taniyama K, Kuraoka K, et al. CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages relate to malignant transformation of colorectal adenoma. Anticancer Res, 2019, 39(6): 2767-2775.
27. Broadfield LA, Pane AA, Talebi A, et al. Lipid metabolism in cancer: New perspectives and emerging mechanisms. Dev Cell, 2021, 56(10): 1363-1393.
28. Tian Y, Wang K, Li J, et al. The association between serum lipids and colorectal neoplasm: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr, 2015, 18(18): 3355-3370.
29. Xiong J, Wu Y, Chen D, et al. MAFLD with central obesity is associated with increased risk of colorectal adenoma and high-risk adenoma. BMC Gastroenterol, 2024, 24(1): 138. doi: 10.1186/s12876-024-03220-z.
30. Schoeler M, Caesar R. Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2019, 20(4): 461-472.
31. Sun Y, Zhang X, Hang D, et al. Integrative plasma and fecal metabolomics identify functional metabolites in adenoma-colorectal cancer progression and as early diagnostic biomarkers. Cancer cell, 2024, 42(8): 1386-1400.
32. He X, Lan H, Jin K, et al. Cholesterol in colorectal cancer: an essential but tumorigenic precursor? Front Oncol, 2023, 13: 1276654. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276654.
33. Wu Y, Pu X, Wang X, et al. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: a strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Lipids Health Dis, 2024, 23(1): 35. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02024-0.
34. Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated fatty acids in obesity-associated inflammation. J Inflamm Res, 2020, 13: 1-14.
35. Ahmed Nor EM, Saied EM, Mina SN, et al. Clinicopathological value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ki-67 expression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023, 73(Suppl 4)(4): S124-S130. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.EGY-S4-26.
36. Wang B, Zhang J, Wang X, et al. Identification and clinical validation of key genes as the potential biomarkers in colorectal adenoma. BMC Cancer, 2023, 23(1): 39. doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-10422-9.
37. 肖博, 熊光冰, 肖体先, 等. 儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶在结直肠腺瘤和结直肠癌组织中的表达. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2015, 22(6): 705-709.
38. Lu D, Wang M, Ke X, et al. Association between H. pylori infection and colorectal polyps: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 8: 706036. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.706036.
39. Fujimori S. Progress in elucidating the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol, 2021, 27(47): 8040-8046.
40. 庄肇朦, 余炳取, 谢敏, 等. 结直肠腺瘤组织幽门螺杆菌富集与腺瘤临床及病理特征的相关性. 中华医学杂志, 2022, 102(44): 3543-3548.

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