Clinical features of anthracosis and bronchial anthracofibrosis_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

AN Yulin ^# , GUO Jun ^# , ZHANG Mingqiang , CAI Cunliang , ZHAO Jingquan ,  MU Xiangdong

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

MU Xiangdong, Email: mxda02600@btch.edu.cn

Keywords：

Anthracosis; Bronchial anthracofibrosis; Bronchoscopy; Tomography, spiral computed; Respiratory function tests

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.201903081

Video：

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Objective To investigate the clinical features and relationship of anthracosis and bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF).Methods A retrospective study among 591 patients who did bronchoscopy in this hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 was performed. Of them, 71 patients had anthracosis, including 39 BAF. Their clinical data, bronchoscopic results, CT scan and pulmonary function tests were analyzed and compared.Results The prevalence of anthracosis was 12.0% (71/591), while 54.9% (39/71) of anthrocosis were BAF. BAF patients shared features of old age (77.0±10.4), female domination (59.0%), low smoking ratio (25.6%) and high prevalence of tuberculosis (41.0%). Upper lobe bronchi and right lobe bronchus were the predominant sites of involvement. Right lobe bronchus was the most common site of stenosis or occlusion in BAF. According to CT scan, 69.0% of all anthrocasis cases had enlarged or calcificated lymph node in mediastinal or hilar positions. Paratracheal, parahilar, subcarinal lymph nodes were most frequently involved. Compared BAF with non-BAF patients, BAF patients had significantly more cough and expectoration. There was no statistical differences in age, sex, smoking history, infection with tuberculosis, the distribution of anthracosis and abnormal lymph nodes. Though only 26 of 71 patients performed respiratory function tests, there were significantly more cases of obstructive ventilation function disturbance in BAF than in non-BAF patients.Conclusions Anthracosis occurs at regular locations in lung, usually accompanied with abnormal mediastinal/hilar lymph nodes and associated with tuberculosis. BAF might be a more severe type of anthracosis.

Citation： AN Yulin, GUO Jun, ZHANG Mingqiang, CAI Cunliang, ZHAO Jingquan, MU Xiangdong. Clinical features of anthracosis and bronchial anthracofibrosis. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2019, 18(6): 554-559. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.201903081 Copy

1.	Jamaati H, Sharifi A, Mirenayat MS, et al. What do we know about anthracofibrosis? A literature review. Tanaffos, 2017, 16(3): 175-189.
2.	Mirsadraee M. Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: A review. Tanaffos, 2014, 13(4): 1-13.
3.	Chung MP, Lee KS, Han J, et al. Bronchial stenosis due to anthracofibrosis. Chest, 1998, 113(2): 344-350.
4.	蔡后荣, 孟凡青, 曹敏, 等. 支气管色素沉着纤维化是独立的疾病实体吗?. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2005, 4(4): 311-312.
5.	孙小丽, 朱艳艳, 王仁贵, 等. 支气管色素沉着纤维化的临床表现、支气管镜改变和 CT 特征分析. 中国防痨杂志, 2016, 38(5): 381-385.
6.	Groome PA, Bolejack V, Crowley JJ, et al. The iaslc lung cancer staging project: validation of the proposals for revision of the T, N, and M descriptors and consequent stage groupings in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of the tnm classification of malignant tumours. J Thorac Oncol, 2007, 2(8): 694-705.
7.	Sigari N, Mohammadi S. Anthracosis and anthracofibrosis. Saudi Med J, 2009, 30(8): 1063-1066.
8.	Park TY, Heo EY, Chung HS, et al. Prediction of anthracofibrosis based on clinico-radiographic findings. Yonsei Med J, 2017, 58(2): 355-361.
9.	Dhar A, Sikund K, Lall A, et al. Radiological spectrum of anthracofibrosis: a series of 40 patients with computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and biopsy. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2017, 27(4): 397-403.
10.	Mirsadraee M, Asnaashari A, Attaran D. Pattern of pulmonary function test abnormalities in anthracofibrosis of the lungs. Tanaffos, 2012, 11(2): 34-37.
11.	张中宏, 牟向东, 关键. 支气管色素沉着纤维化的临床特征研究. 内科急危重症杂志, 2017, 23(3): 201-203.
12.	Kim YJ, Jung CY, Shin HW, et al. Biomass smoke induced bronchial anthracofibrosis: presenting features and clinical course. Respir Med, 2009, 103(5): 757-765.
13.	Xu Y, Xu W, Liu Y, et al. Pulmonary hypertension associated with combined fibrosing mediastinitis and bronchial anthracofibrosis: a retrospective analysis in a single chinese hospital. Clin Respir J, 2018, 12(3): 1134-1140.
14.	Chang SC, Lee PY, Perng RP. Clinical role of bronchoscopy in adults with intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Chest, 1988, 93(2): 314-317.
15.	Smith LS, Schillaci RF, Sarlin RF. Endobronchial tuberculosis. Serial fiberoptic bronchoscopy and natural history. Chest, 1987, 91(5): 644-647.
16.	Long R, Wong E, Barrie J. Bronchial anthracofibrosis and tuberculosis: CT features before and after treatment. Am J Roentgenol, 2005, 184(3 Suppl): S33-S36.

1. Jamaati H, Sharifi A, Mirenayat MS, et al. What do we know about anthracofibrosis? A literature review. Tanaffos, 2017, 16(3): 175-189.
2. Mirsadraee M. Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: A review. Tanaffos, 2014, 13(4): 1-13.
3. Chung MP, Lee KS, Han J, et al. Bronchial stenosis due to anthracofibrosis. Chest, 1998, 113(2): 344-350.
4. 蔡后荣, 孟凡青, 曹敏, 等. 支气管色素沉着纤维化是独立的疾病实体吗?. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2005, 4(4): 311-312.
5. 孙小丽, 朱艳艳, 王仁贵, 等. 支气管色素沉着纤维化的临床表现、支气管镜改变和 CT 特征分析. 中国防痨杂志, 2016, 38(5): 381-385.
6. Groome PA, Bolejack V, Crowley JJ, et al. The iaslc lung cancer staging project: validation of the proposals for revision of the T, N, and M descriptors and consequent stage groupings in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of the tnm classification of malignant tumours. J Thorac Oncol, 2007, 2(8): 694-705.
7. Sigari N, Mohammadi S. Anthracosis and anthracofibrosis. Saudi Med J, 2009, 30(8): 1063-1066.
8. Park TY, Heo EY, Chung HS, et al. Prediction of anthracofibrosis based on clinico-radiographic findings. Yonsei Med J, 2017, 58(2): 355-361.
9. Dhar A, Sikund K, Lall A, et al. Radiological spectrum of anthracofibrosis: a series of 40 patients with computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and biopsy. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2017, 27(4): 397-403.
10. Mirsadraee M, Asnaashari A, Attaran D. Pattern of pulmonary function test abnormalities in anthracofibrosis of the lungs. Tanaffos, 2012, 11(2): 34-37.
11. 张中宏, 牟向东, 关键. 支气管色素沉着纤维化的临床特征研究. 内科急危重症杂志, 2017, 23(3): 201-203.
12. Kim YJ, Jung CY, Shin HW, et al. Biomass smoke induced bronchial anthracofibrosis: presenting features and clinical course. Respir Med, 2009, 103(5): 757-765.
13. Xu Y, Xu W, Liu Y, et al. Pulmonary hypertension associated with combined fibrosing mediastinitis and bronchial anthracofibrosis: a retrospective analysis in a single chinese hospital. Clin Respir J, 2018, 12(3): 1134-1140.
14. Chang SC, Lee PY, Perng RP. Clinical role of bronchoscopy in adults with intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Chest, 1988, 93(2): 314-317.
15. Smith LS, Schillaci RF, Sarlin RF. Endobronchial tuberculosis. Serial fiberoptic bronchoscopy and natural history. Chest, 1987, 91(5): 644-647.
16. Long R, Wong E, Barrie J. Bronchial anthracofibrosis and tuberculosis: CT features before and after treatment. Am J Roentgenol, 2005, 184(3 Suppl): S33-S36.

Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Clinical features of anthracosis and bronchial anthracofibrosis

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