Objective To evaluate the efficacy, safety and economical values of nucleic acid/nueleotides for clinical nutritional support and immune treatment. Methods The following electronic databases were searched: Chinese Biomedicine database (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCI. Data were extracted by two reviewers. Applied RevMan 4.1 for statistical analyse. Results Forty-six randomized controlled trials were identified, involving nucleic acids/nucleotides for clinical nutritional support, infant feed, immune treatment. Eighteen randomized trials comparing the use of immunonutrition which comprises nucleotides with standard enteral nutrition in surgical and critical ill patients. Combined analysis directed that immunonutrition therapy decrease infection events, length of hospitalization and the cost. Only one trial reported the effects of adding nucleotides to breast milk substitute, but there is no valuable results for clinical practice. Twenty-seven low quality trials compared the use of "immune RNA (iRNA)" with standard methods in hepatitis, carcinoma and burn patients, combined analysis directed that there are not valid evidences to confirm the value of iRNA. Conclusions Immunonutrition may decrease infection rates, length of hospitalisation and cost in surgery and critical ill patients, but we can not affirm the role of the nucleotides in irmnunonutrition. No evidences support the point of adding nucteotides in breast milk substitute. Also, we can not affirm the role of iRNA in clinical immune regulation treatment. There are no available evidences in nucleic acids for caducity prevention and improvement of aging people’s health. Consequently, we advice Chinese health officials to enhance the management for applying "nucleic acids nutrients".
Objective To explore the role of high endothelial venule (HEV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the single cell level. Methods A total of 219257 cells from the lung tissues of 18 COPD patients and 28 healthy controls in the GEO public database (GSE136831) were used to analyze the relationship between HEV with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Results Endothelial cells were extracted using single cell analysis technique, and sorting out venous endothelium, CCL14, IGFBP7, POSTN were used as marker genes for HEV endothelial cells. The ratio of HEV endothelial cells was also identified as up-regulated expression in COPD. The function of the differential genes of HEV endothelial cells was analyzed, suggesting the presence of immune regulation. By trajectory analysis, it was suggested that the differential genes of HEV endothelial cells were enriched for extracellular matrix deposition in late development. Finally, by receptor-ligand pairing, it was suggested that HEV endothelial cells was recruited through a series of ligands with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Conclusions HEV endothelial cells are elevated in COPD and have an immunomodulatory role by secreting a series of ligands after recruiting T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells for immune action. HEV may be a potential target for the study of COPD therapy.
ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics of the occurrence and development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and to review the important regulatory role of immune cells in the progression of ONFH. MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature on the immune regulation of ONFH was reviewed, and the relationship between immune cells and the occurrence and development of ONFH was analyzed. ResultsThe ONFH region has a chronic inflammatory reaction and an imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast, while innate immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and immune effector cells such as T cells and B cells are closely related to the maintenance of bone homeostasis. ConclusionImmunotherapy targeting the immune cells in the ONFH region and the key factors and proteins in their regulatory pathways may be a feasible method to delay the occurrence, development, and even reverse the pathology of ONFH.
Since the emergence of novel coronavirus pneumonia in late 2019, it has quickly spread to many countries and regions around the world, causing a significant impact on human beings and society, posing a great threat to the global public health system. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was highly infectious, and some complications emerged rapidly in some patients, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure. The virus could trigger a series of immune responses, which might lead to excessive immune activation, thereby bringing about the immune system imbalance of the body. Up to now, there was no specific antiviral drug, and we conjectured that immunomodulatory therapy might play an essential part in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as adjuvant therapy. Therefore, we analyzed the possible mechanism of immune imbalance caused by the new coronavirus, and summarized the immunotherapeutic means of COVID-19 based on the mechanisms, to provide some reference for follow-up research and clinical prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Objective To summarize research progress of the mechanism of natural killer cells (NK cells) acted in regulating the T cell immunity in chronic infectious disease. Method Literatures about recent studies concerning how NK cells act as a regulator for T cells in chronic infectious disease were reviewed according to the results obtained from PubMed, Embase, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang databases. Results NK cells that acted as regulators of T cell immunity could affect T cell immune responses through influencing antigen presentation, secreting cytokine, and presenting lytic activities, thus playing an important role in the immunological therapy of chronic infectious diseases. Conclusion NK cells are critical for T cell immune regulation, which could provide noval strategies for immunological therapy of chronic infectious disease, transplantation-related immune rejection, and autoimmune disease.
Objective To review the osteoimmunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair. Methods A wide range of relevant domestic and foreign literature was reviewed, the characteristics of various inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair were summarized, and the osteoimmunomodulatory mechanism in the process of bone repair was discussed. Results Immune cells play a very important role in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. Inorganic biomaterials can directly regulate the immune cells in the body by changing their surface roughness, surface wettability, and other physical and chemical properties, constructing a suitable immune microenvironment, and then realizing dynamic regulation of bone repair. Conclusion Inorganic biomaterials are a class of biomaterials that are widely used in bone repair. Fully understanding the role of inorganic biomaterials in immunomodulation during bone repair will help to design novel bone immunomodulatory scaffolds for bone repair.
ObjectiveTo introduce the research status of the immunoregulation function of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor microenvironment.MethodThe literatures in recent years on the studies of role of CAFs in the regulation of immune response in the tumor microenvironment were collected and summarized.ResultsThe CAFs played a critical role as the components of the tumor microenvironment. The CAFs could product various growth factors and cytokines that were contributed to the immunoregulation including the polarization of the immune cells and the regulation of the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and eventually resulted in the carcinogenesis, tumor progression, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance.ConclusionCAFs play a significant role in the immunoregulation in tumor microenvironment, but as a potential target for breast cancer, more studies are still needed to discover the specific markers, heterogeneity, and key signaling pathways.
【摘要】 目的 探讨同种异基因骨髓间充质干细胞（bone mesenchamal stem cells，BMSC）静脉输注对大鼠到小鼠胰岛移植物的功能保护和小鼠糖尿病状态改善。 方法 全骨髓培养法获得C57BL/6小鼠BMSC。不连续梯度离心法分离纯化Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠胰岛，将300胰岛当量的胰岛单独或与BMSC联合移植入链脲菌素诱导的糖尿病BALB/c小鼠肾包膜下，并通过尾静脉在移植后0、3和5 d注射CM-DiI标记的BMSC 5×105/只，对照组给于磷酸盐缓冲溶液。移植后监测血糖，第9天处死小鼠，取肝、脾、胸腺、淋巴结和移植胰岛的肾脏，冰冻切片，荧光显微镜观察CM-DiI标记细胞的组织分布；免疫荧光法观察移植物中胰岛素和胰高血糖素表达，评价胰岛的功能。 结果 BMSC静脉输注后主要分布于胸腺，其次是脾脏和淋巴结，肾和肝组织中未观察到BMSC；BMSC联合胰岛移植组血糖控制水平优于其他组，且在第7天的口服糖耐量实验优于单纯胰岛移植组。 结论 与胰岛联合移植的BMSC对受者免疫器官和组织有明显的趋向性，且对胰岛细胞的体内存活有一定保护作用。【Abstract】 Objective To research on the protection function by the allogeneic rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on rat to mouse islet transplantation and the improvement of diabetic state in mouse. Methods BMSC were prepared from C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow cells and identified by flow cytometry (FCM). Islets were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with Ficoll discontinuous centrifugation. CM-DiI labeled BMSC at 5×105 for one mouse were intravenously infused into STZ induced diabetic BALB/c mice after rat to mouse islet transplantation at day 0, 3 and 5. Mice with PBS intravenously infused after islet transplantation were set as the negative controls. Blood glucose was monitored every day at the first 3 days after transplantation, and then monitored every two days. At day 9 after transplantation, spleen, thymus, lymph nods, liver and islets recipient kidney were harvested. Ice slices were prepared and CM-DiI labeled cells were investigated with fluorescence microscope. Results CM-DiI-labeled BMSC were mainly distributed in thymus followed by spleen and lymph nodes. In liver and kidney, there was no red fluorescence observed. The blood sugar control for combined BMSC infusion group was superior to other groups, and the control level of islet combined BMSC infusion group were better than single islet transplantation group in OGTT at day 7. Conclusion Allogeneic BMSC can sustain the insulin secretion of islets in vivo and tend to distribute in immune organs or adenoid tissues after infusion.
Titanium and its alloys have become one of the most widely used implant materials in orthopedics because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Implant-associated infection is the main reason of failure of orthopedic implant surgery. The anti-infection modification of implant surface has received more attention in the field of infection prevention and developed rapidly. This article focuses on the current research status of simple anti-infection surface modifications that make titanium implants possess anti-adhesion, bactericidal activity or antibacterial membrane activity, as well as the research progress of composite functional surface modifications that promote bone integration, osteogenesis or immunomodulatory effects on the basis of anti-infection, so as to provide references for the construction of orthopedic implants with composite functions.