创伤、手术、感染、烧伤等极度应激状况下的危重患者常出现应激性高血糖; 非糖尿病危重患者类似糖尿病的症状; 糖尿病危重患者则高血糖程度明显加重。 创伤后出现不同水平的高血糖,随着血糖的增高,其死亡危险性也呈阶梯样成倍增长[1,2]……
Forty critical patients with respiratory failure in the intensive care unit were randomly divided into two groups,Group A with administration of parenteral nutritino(PN) and Group B,no parenteral nutrition given.Blood gas analysis and respiratory monitoring showed that the respiratory rate,pH、PaO2、PaCO2 and HCO3- had no marked difference between the two groups.But in Group A there was a slight decrease of Pao2/FiO2 and a marked increase of A-aDO2 and the pulmonary shunt.This study indicates that the content of fat emulsion and hydrocarbon in PN may be the main factor that affects the respiratory function.
In order to identify the incidence of nosocomial pulmonary infection in surgical critical care patients in our hospital, we studied 800 patients discharged from surgical intensive care unit between May 1992 to Dec. 1994. One hundred and six episodes of pulmonary infection were found in 96 cases, in which 20 cases had been re-infected. The infection rate was 12.0%. The age of patients, APACHE- Ⅱ score and duration in ICU were closely related to the incidence of pulmonary infection. Tracheal intubation, tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation were the predisposing factors. The prevalent pathogens were pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans. 54.7% of cases were infected with more than one pathogens, and 36.8% of cases had fungal infection. The prevention and treatment are also discussed.
目的 研究高血压脑出血患者开始建立肠内营养的时间,以揭示其建立肠内营养的最佳时机。 方法 选取2010年7月-2011年9月收治的高血压脑出血患者69例,随机将其分为A、B、C组,A组23例在血流动力学稳定后24 h内采取鼻胃管方式开始建立肠内营养;B组23例在24~48 h内开始肠内营养支持;C组23例在48~72 h开始肠内营养支持,并分别于营养支持前1 d及营养支持后的14 d检测三组患者三头肌皮皱厚度、上臂肌围、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平等相关营养指标的波动情况;监测第3、14天各组患者腹泻、便秘、应激性溃疡、肺部感染等临床并发症的发生情况。 结果 相关营养指标监测结果研究发现:建立肠内营养支持14 d后,三组患者其三头肌皮皱厚度及上臂肌围在营养支持前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A、B组患者其血清白蛋白及血红蛋白水平在营养支持后较前有增高表现,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且B组患者其血清白蛋白及血红蛋白水平增高程度较A组更为显著;C组患者其血清白蛋白水平在营养支持后有增高表现,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但血红蛋白水平较前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关临床并发症发生率的研究结果如下:给予肠内营养支持3 d后,A、C组患者分别与其余两组比较发现,其腹泻、胃潴留、应激性溃疡、肺部感染发生率较其余两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组患者与其余两组比较,其应激性溃疡发生率较其余两组减低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹泻、胃潴留、肺部感染较其余两组比较无显著差异;但随着观察时间的不断延长,在肠内营养支持后的14 d,A组患者较其余两组比较,其腹泻、胃潴留、应激性溃疡发生率仍无显著差异,但其肺部感染的发生率较B组增高,而较C组减低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者较其余两组比较,其腹泻、应激性溃疡、肺部感染的发生率较其余两组均减低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且其肺部感染发生率减低程度较A组明显,其胃潴留发生率与其余两组比较时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组患者与其余两组比较,其应激性溃疡、肺部感染个例发生率较其余两组增高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 高血压脑出血患者于血流动力学稳定后的24~48 h内给予建立肠内营养支持,可利于患者相关营养指标的恢复,减少相关临床并发症的发生,可能会在一定程度益于患者的预后。
【摘要】 目的 探讨甲型H1N1流感危重症患者的抢救疗效。 方法 2009年10月-2010年1月,对我院ICU收治5例甲型H1N1流感危重症患者采用集束化治疗方案进行救治,并就患者的器官功能变化进行评价。 结果 5例患者平均住院天数为(11.8±5.59)d,4 例存活,1例死亡。存活患者在治疗过程中急性生理和既往健康 (APACHE)Ⅱ、多器官功能障碍综合征评分(MODS)、全身性感染相关的器官衰竭评分 (SOFA)总体呈逐渐下降趋势。死亡者APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分均呈逐渐升高趋势。 结论 对甲型H1N1流感危重症患者采取集束化救治疗效良好。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of bundle therapy on severe patients with influenza A (H1N1). Methods Bundle therapy were used in 5 severe patients with influenza A from October 2009 to January 2010. The patients’ organ dysfunction were observed for. Results The average in-hospital duration was (11.80±5.59) days. Four patients survived and one died with the survival ratio of 80%. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score gradually decreased in 4 survived patients, while gradually increased in the died patient. Conclusion Bundle therapy is effective on patients with severe influenza A.
目的:研究地震对非伤员的其他内外科危重患者急诊医疗的影响。方法:采用病例对照研究方法,研究和分析汶川地震发生前后一周急诊科内外科危重患者情况。结果:地震后内外科危重患者数量明显减少,转诊患者和救护车来诊比例降低,但抢救患者比例增加,优化处理流程后急诊诊疗时间明显缩短。结论:虽然地震期间急诊科内外科危重患者总量减少,但存在抢救患者比例增加和院前急救资源减少的问题。应该重视这部分患者的急救医疗需求以及优化处理流程。