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find Keyword "发病机制" 90 results
  • BONE MARROW EDEMA SYNDROME AND AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF FEMORAL HEAD

    Objective To explore the difference between bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) and avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH). Methods Recent original articles about BMES and ANFH were extensively reviewed, and were comprehensively analysed. Results The pathology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment selection, and prognosis are different between these two diseases. Conclusion BMES and ANFH are two different diseases. Micro-fracture may be the cause of bone marrow edema.

    Release date:2016-08-31 05:43 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Mechanism of blood brain barrier in the pathogenesis of epilepsy

    Epilepsy is one of the common chronic diseases in neurology, and antiepileptic medication is the main treatment method. Studies have shown that epileptic seizures may disrupt the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB), and BBB disruption may also lead to epilepsy. This article reviews the mechanism of BBB in the pathogenesis of epilepsy based on relevant research progress, elucidates the relationship between BBB and epilepsy, and proposes possible directions for future research and development of antiepileptic drugs.

    Release date:2025-05-26 04:29 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 慢性间歇缺氧引起高血压的发病机制

    阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征( OSAHS)是临床常见疾病。高血压、肺动脉高压、冠心病、心力衰竭、心律失常、猝死及脑血管疾病等都与OSAHS 存在密切相关性, 但对于OSAHS 所致全身性疾病的发病机制尚未完全阐明。已知慢性间歇低氧( chronic intermittent hypoxia, CIH) 和睡眠结构紊乱是OSAHS 的主要病理生理特征, 因而通常将啮齿类动物反复暴露于短暂间歇低氧环境中来模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停( obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) 的低氧血症, 并借此探讨OSAHS 所致疾病的机制[ 1 ] ,尤其是与高血压的相关性。近年来, 对于间歇低氧( intermittent hypoxia, IH) 导致这些疾病发生的分子机制取得诸多进展, 包括神经系统、循环系统、炎症介质和转录因子等方面。

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  • 新型冠状病毒感染伴发癫痫及其发病机制与脑电图改变

    新型冠状病毒感染(Corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)是一种由冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)导致的新型传染性疾病。关于COVID-19与癫痫之间的关系,有研究认为癫痫发作和COVID-19无明显关系;但也有不少学者认为,癫痫发作是COVID-19的继发症状,甚至是早期症状。COVID-19患者中癫痫发作发生率为0.08%~1.9%。COVID-19出现癫痫发作的直接发病机制是,SARS-COV-2能够直接进入并感染中枢神经系统,引起脑膜炎和脑炎,从而引起癫痫发作。间接发病机制包括:中枢神经系统炎症(细胞因子风暴)、血-脑屏障的破坏、凝血异常、脑卒中、线粒体功能异常、电解质紊乱。新发作和频发癫痫发作的患者可能导致预后更差,死亡率更高。COVID-19伴发癫痫患者中脑电图(Electroencephalogram,EEG)改变的主要表现为:基本节律不同程度的慢化、节律性慢活动、癫痫样放电(包括周期性放电和散在性棘波、尖波等)。癫痫患者EEG的异常部位主要分布在额叶,然而,异常EEG表现并无特异性。

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  • KCNT1 基因变异相关癫痫及其治疗的研究进展

    KCNT1基因编码含有1 235个氨基酸的钠离子门控钾离子通道的α亚基,对调节神经元的膜兴奋性发挥着重要作用,其致病性变异可通过影响钾通道的功能导致癫痫。KCNT1基因变异相关癫痫患者表型具有显著临床异质性,可出现从轻度表型到严重表型的系列癫痫表型谱,为难治性癫痫大多数,严重表型患者可伴有运动、智能发育落后或倒退,预后极差。早期识别KCNT1基因变异相关癫痫,及时进行KCNT1基因检测,有利于KCNT1基因变异相关癫痫患者的精准治疗及预后评估。在此,本文就KCNT1基因变异相关癫痫的发病机制、临床特点及其治疗进行综述。

    Release date:2022-06-27 04:41 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Research progress of autoimmune reaction mechanism in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

    The pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease (VKH) has not yet been fully defined. Current studies mainly suggest that VKH is actually an autoimmune disease, especially related to the immune response mediated by various signal transduction pathways involved in the function of T cells. In recent years, the influence of the balance imbalance of various T cell subsets in cellular immunity on the pathogenesis of VKH has been a hot research direction. Currently, T helper cell 17/T regulatory cells, balance is the focus of clinical research, meanwhile, new discoveries and potential clinical treatment schemes have been made for related cellular pathways, particularly the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and NF-kappa B pathway. The exploration of B cells in the pathogenesis of VKH has also achieved initial results through the successful application of various targeted drugs. In the future, further screening and localization of genes or proteins that are abnormally regulated or expressed in VKH, for which early comprehensive and in-depth exploration will be helpful, thus improve the efficacy of clinical treatment programs and develop new therapeutic targets.

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  • 癫痫共患注意缺陷多动障碍发病机制的研究进展

    大量高质量临床研究显示,虽然癫痫和注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)为独立疾病,但二者可能存在共同的发病机制,影像学的不断发展及大脑网络功能测定技术的兴起进一步支持了该假设,快点燃及匹鲁卡品诱导的癫痫动物模型为研究二者共病机制提供了基础,去甲肾上腺素能通路的分子机制研究为探索治疗新靶点提供了方向。文章对近年来关于癫痫共患 ADHD 发病机制的研究作一综述,以期为相关疾病的临床诊治提供一定参考。

    Release date:2020-09-04 03:02 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 免疫功能紊乱相关的获得性单纯性红细胞再生障碍性贫血

    【摘要】 单纯性红细胞再生障碍性贫血(pure red cell aplasia, PRCA)是临床相对罕见的一组异质性疾病,其中获得性PRCA发病原因多种多样。现就各种背景疾病下,免疫功能紊乱在PRCA发病机制中的作用进行探讨。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 芳香族抗癫痫药物所致严重皮肤不良反应的研究进展

    芳香族抗癫痫药物(AEDs)所致皮肤不良反应在临床治疗过程中较为常见,其中严重皮肤不良反应可对患者的生命造成致死性威胁。现主要对芳香族AEDs所致严重皮肤不良反应的临床表现、可能机制及治疗方法等方面的研究进行综述,从而进一步指导合理用药避免其不良反应的发生。

    Release date:2017-07-26 04:06 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Research progress on the correlation between gender differences and the incidence of knee osteoarthritis

    Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the common degenerative joint diseases, which is more common in the middle-aged and elderly population. It shows significant gender differences, with a significantly higher incidence rate in women than in men, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. However, there are few research reports on the correlation between gender differences and the incidence of KOA both domestically and internationally. Therefore, this article will summarize and analyze the potential causes of gender differences related to the incidence of KOA from five aspects: hormone levels, anatomical biomechanical characteristics, genes, obesity, and exercise-muscle factors. Through a comprehensive review of research progress, the aim is to provide a theoretical basis for gender based personalized treatment of KOA in clinical practice.

    Release date:2024-05-28 01:17 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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