Objective To introduce the methods and the advancements of early diagnosis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder (PCG), and improve the early diagnostic rate of PCG. Methods Recent relevant literatures were reviewed. Results It was difficult in early diagnosis of PCG and with a poor prognosis. Comprehending case history and careful examination and being assisted by multiple imaging methods and molecular biology technology could markedly improve the early diagnostic rate. Conclusion Comprehending the progress will contribute a lot of improving the early diagnostic rate and selecting reasonable clinical methods to be used in early diagnosis of PCG.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the bacterial spectrum difference of gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile and clinical prognosis of gallstone pancreatitis. MethodsA synchronic bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were carried out on 48 patients with gallstone pancreatitis. ResultsThe cases of positive gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile were 13 (27.1%) and 31 (64.6%) respectively. The cases of double positivity were 12 (25.0%). The cultural strains of gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile were significantly different. Some strains were only found in choledochus bile，whereas in gallbladder mucosa L-form bacteria predominated.ConclusionThe most common causative strain of gallstone pancreatitis is Bacterium coli. The drug-resistant strain emerges maybe due to bacterium immigration and delitescence in gallbladder mucosa. L-form bacteria should be considered when using antibiotics, because L-form bacteria have close relationship with the prognosis of gallstone pancreatitis.
Objective To study the effects of L-arginine （L-Arg） on cell proliferation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and cell cycle in human colon carcinoma cell line LS174 through nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Methods LS174 cells were cultured in medium with L-Arg at different concentrations for different times. MTT method was employed to evaluate the level of the cell proliferation. The production of NO in culture supernatants of LS174 cell was detected with enzyme reduction of nitrate. The distribution of the cell cycle was detected with the flow cytometry (FCM). The expression level of iNOS in the cells was determined by Western blot and SP immunocytochemical staining method. Results The growth of LS174 was promoted by the L-Arg at low concentration (0.125 mmol/L) and inhibited at high concentrations (0.5， 2， 8 and 32 mmol/L). The level of NO was increased with the increasing concentration of L-Arg in culture medium. To compare with the control group, the ratio of cells at S phase was increased after 48 hours’ treatments with high concentrations (0.5, 2, 8 and 32 mmol/L) of L-Arg (P＜0.05, P＜0.01); while there was no obvious difference after treatments with low concentration (0.125 mmol/L) of L-Arg (Pgt;0.05). With the increase of the concentration of L-Arg, the expression of iNOS was increased as compared with control group. The higher the concentration of L-Arg was, the better the effect. Conclusion L-Arg can induce the expression of iNOS resulting in increase the production of nitric oxide (NO). Low concentration of L-Arg can promote the growth of LS174 cells, while high concentration ones can inhibit growth and proliferation. The high concentration of L-Arg could induce S phase arrestion in the cell cycle.
Objective To obtain the polypeptides specifically binding to gastric cancer BGC823 cell from a Ph.D-12 TM phage display peptide library (PDPL), to search the markers of gastric cancer for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods The gastric cancer BGC823 cell was used as the antigen and the immortalized gastric epithelial GES cell was used as control for 3 rounds subtraction biopanning from PDPL at room temperature. The positive and specific binding clones were identified by cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochemistry staining. Those DNA sequences of identified clones were sequenced, polypeptides were marked by fluorescein FITC peptide tag, and polypeptides affinity and specificity of gastric cancer cells and tissues were identified. Results After 3 rounds of panning, 20 phage clones were identified by ELISA, one of which （GC-11） was specially binding to the BGC823. Cell and tissue immunofluorescence assay further presented a high affinity of fluorescein-labeled peptide FITC-GC-11 with BGC823 and gastric cancer tissue.Conclusion A peptide GC-11 which is specific binding to gastric cancer BGC823 cell and gastric cancer tissue has been selected from PDPL.
Objective To observe the expression of Ezrin protein in primary carcinoma of gallbladder tissue and the levels of CEA and CA19-9 in serum of patients with primary carcinoma of gallbladder, and to explore the relationship between the expressions of these measurements and clinicopathologic characteristics. Methods Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the expression of Ezrin protein in primary carcinoma of gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis tissue. The levels of CEA and CA19-9 in serum and clinicopathologic characteristics of all including patients were detected with clinical measurement. All data were analyzed statistically. Results ①The positive rates of Ezrin protein in primary carcinoma of gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis tissue were 66.7% （40/60） and 30.8%（4/13）, respectively (χ2=5.57, Plt;0.05). ②There was no difference between the expression of Ezrin protein in primary carcinoma of gallbladder tissue and age or gender (Pgt;0.05). However, difference was significant between the Ezrin expression and degree of difference, pNevin stages, pTNM stages, lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis (Plt;0.05). ③There were no differences between the positive rates of CEA and CA19-9 in primary carcinoma of gallbladder and age or gender (Pgt;0.05). However, differences were significant between the positive rates of CEA and CA19-9 and pNevin stages, pTNM stages, degree of difference, lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis (Plt;0.05). ④There was some relationship between the expression of Ezrin protein and the positive rate of CEA (rs=0.213, Plt;0.05), but not with the positive rate of CA19-9 (rs=0.081, Pgt;0.05). Conclusions The high expression of Ezrin protein may promote the invasion and metastasis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder. It could be possible to decide the outcome of primary carcinoma of gallbladder through the combined analysis on the expression of Ezrin protein and the serum levels of CEA and CA19-9.