Objective To introduce the methods and the advancements of early diagnosis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder (PCG), and improve the early diagnostic rate of PCG. Methods Recent relevant literatures were reviewed. Results It was difficult in early diagnosis of PCG and with a poor prognosis. Comprehending case history and careful examination and being assisted by multiple imaging methods and molecular biology technology could markedly improve the early diagnostic rate. Conclusion Comprehending the progress will contribute a lot of improving the early diagnostic rate and selecting reasonable clinical methods to be used in early diagnosis of PCG.
Objective To investigate the clinical implication on expression of HLA class I in breast cancer tissures.Methods The expression of HLA class I in 271 patients with breast cancer that underwent radical operation was examinedby using immunohistochemically， and the correlation between the expression of HLA class I and clinicalpathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed. Results The b positive expression of HLA class I in breast cancer tissures was observed in 92 patients （33.9%）， the expressions of HLA class I in 179 patients （66.1%）were downregulation. The expression of HLA class I expression in breast cancer tissures was significantly associated with the axillary lymph node metastasis， TNM stage （P＜0.05）， other lymph node metastasis， and vascular invasion （P＜0.05）. The disease free survival rate of patients with positive expression of HLA class I was higher than that expression downregulation of HLA class I （P＜0.05）. Conclusion The examination of HLA class I expression is useful for the prediction of tumor progression and recurrent risk of breast cancer via the antitumor immune system.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the bacterial spectrum difference of gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile and clinical prognosis of gallstone pancreatitis. MethodsA synchronic bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were carried out on 48 patients with gallstone pancreatitis. ResultsThe cases of positive gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile were 13 (27.1%) and 31 (64.6%) respectively. The cases of double positivity were 12 (25.0%). The cultural strains of gallbladder mucosa and choledochus bile were significantly different. Some strains were only found in choledochus bile，whereas in gallbladder mucosa L-form bacteria predominated.ConclusionThe most common causative strain of gallstone pancreatitis is Bacterium coli. The drug-resistant strain emerges maybe due to bacterium immigration and delitescence in gallbladder mucosa. L-form bacteria should be considered when using antibiotics, because L-form bacteria have close relationship with the prognosis of gallstone pancreatitis.
Objective To obtain the polypeptides specifically binding to gastric cancer BGC823 cell from a Ph.D-12 TM phage display peptide library (PDPL), to search the markers of gastric cancer for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods The gastric cancer BGC823 cell was used as the antigen and the immortalized gastric epithelial GES cell was used as control for 3 rounds subtraction biopanning from PDPL at room temperature. The positive and specific binding clones were identified by cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochemistry staining. Those DNA sequences of identified clones were sequenced, polypeptides were marked by fluorescein FITC peptide tag, and polypeptides affinity and specificity of gastric cancer cells and tissues were identified. Results After 3 rounds of panning, 20 phage clones were identified by ELISA, one of which （GC-11） was specially binding to the BGC823. Cell and tissue immunofluorescence assay further presented a high affinity of fluorescein-labeled peptide FITC-GC-11 with BGC823 and gastric cancer tissue.Conclusion A peptide GC-11 which is specific binding to gastric cancer BGC823 cell and gastric cancer tissue has been selected from PDPL.
Objective To design and construct the eukaryotic expressed vector of suicide genes, which contained 5 copies of hypoxia-responsive element (5HRE), promoter of alpha-fetoprotein gene (AFPp） and nitroreductase from Escherichia coli. Methods The constructing processes were as follows: ①The design of primer: Suicide genes of NTR in the Escherichia coli, which contained 6his-tag gene (6his-tag), were cloned by overlapping PCR. ②The construction of 5HRE: The single strand of synthetized HRE oligonucleotide was annealed, and 5HRE was constructed by multiple recombinant clone. ③The recombination of NTR gene, 5HRE, AFPp and pIRES2-EGFP: pIRES2-EGFP, which had removed the instant early promoter of cytomegalovirus, was recombined with NTR gene, 5HRE, AFPp. In this way, the eukaryotic expressed vector of pIRES2-EGFP-5HRE-AFPp-NTR, which carried NTR gene, 5HRE, AFPp was finally constructed. Results NTR gene, which contained the fusion of 684-base pair and 6his-tag gene, was cloned successfully, and its sequence was coincident with the result published by Genbank. A 221-base pair of 5HRE was also constructed, which was in accordance with the expected sequences. The integrity of the eukaryotic expressed vector was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis, respectively. Conclusion The eukaryotic expressed vector of pIRES2-EGFP-5HRE-AFPp-NTR is successfully constructed, which may be used for its further investigation in vitro.
Tostudytheexpressionofproliferatingcellnuclearantigen(PCNA)inhumangastricneoplasmanditsclinicalsignificance.TheexpressionofPCNAwassemiquantitativelyanalysedimmunohistochemically(ABC)in10gastricadenomatouspolypand94gastriccarcinomas.Results:①PCNAlabelingindex(LI)showedasignificantdifferentiationindifferentpathologicstate(Plt;0.01),②PCNALIingastriccarcinomawasindepednetofsexandage(Pgt;0.05),butcorrelatedwiththegrowingmannerofthetumor,tumordifferentiation,serosalinfiltration,nodalmetastasisandclinicalstages(Plt;0.05),③ThecorrelationwasfoundbetweenPCNALIandprognosisofgastriccarcinoma(Plt;0.05).AmoderategradeofPCNAexpressiongenerallyhadabetterprognosis.Conclusions:TheseresultssuggestthatPCNALIisafairlygoodindextoindicatebiologicbehaviorandprognosisingastriccarcinoma.