目的 了解妇幼保健院住院患者抗菌药物应用情况。 方法 采用横断面调查法，对2012年2月份患者的抗菌药物使用情况进行调查。 结果 抗菌药物横断面使用率为71.14%，其中单用率为79.27%，二联使用率为20.73%；住院患者使用频率排行前10位的抗菌药物中应用最多的是头孢硫脒；儿科抗菌药物使用率最高为93.27%；产科抗菌药物使用频率强度最高为77.37，妇科为67.19；所有患者临床微生物检验样本送检率仅为39.3%。 结论 抗菌药物使用率及抗菌药物使用强度不符合相关规定，需要加强其抗菌药物临床应用的管理。
ObjectiveTo investigate the use of anti-hypertensive drugs among hypertension patients in examination medical center. MethodThis was a cross-sectional survey. Data of 3 000 cases of medical examination center health records from December 2012 to December 2013 were sampled, and 1 310 patients with hypertension were screened for analysis of medication. ResultsIn the 1 310 hypertension patients, 959 used antihypertensive drugs before, among whom 423 (44.11%) accepted only one anti-hypertensive drug and 536 (55.89%) accepted compound anti-hypertensive drugs or combined medicine. In patients of the previous kind, calcium channel blocker classes of antihypertensive drugs were used the most (n=244, 25.44%). Among the second kind of patients, 359 (37.43%) were treated with a two-compound drug or a combination of two drugs, and most of them used the combination of calcium channel blocker with angiotensin receptor blocker or calcium channel blocker with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. ConclusionsThe current using of anti-hypertensive drug is in accordance with the recommendation of anti-hypertensive treatment guidelines in some way, but there are still some gaps between real clinical practice and guidelines.
Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of Beichuan cadres 1 year after Wenchuan earthquake, so as to provide references for promoting psychological intervention and improving QOL. Methods With the adoption of WHOQOL-BREF, questionnaire survey on basic conditions of cadre victims, and PCL-C scale, cross-section survey was conducted for 2 055 cadres of Beichuan public institutions in aspects of their QOL, social demographic characteristics and psychological trauma. Results a) Compared with domestic norm, although the Beichuan cadres had higher score in social relation domain (14.31 ± 2.59, Plt;0.01), their QOL scores in each dimensions (physical domain score: 14.16 ± 2.43; psychological domain score: 13.79 ± 2.59, environmental domain score: 11.20 ± 2.74) were lower with significant difference (Plt;0.01); b) The group with population under the age of 30 scored higher than other age groups in the psychological and environmental domains; men scored higher than women in the psychological domain; the widowed group scored lower than other groups in all domains; the Han nationality group scored higher than the Qiang nationality group in all domains; the primary education group scored lower than other groups in the social relation domain; the group with relatives, houses and physical loss or damage scored lower than the non-loss group in all domains; and the higher the score in PCL-C, the lower the scores in all domains (all Plt;0.05). Conclusion Beichuan cadres are severely affected in their physical, psychological and environmental domains even one year after Wenchuan earthquake, especially the female, the Qiang nationality, the old, the lost, and the psychological injured cadres are more badly affected with worse QOL, so those population should be concerned in particular with sustainable psychological service and other measures. The finding of social relation domain score being higher than general population suggests that it is important to promote the satisfaction with social relation through the timely effective support from both government and civil society, and the resettlement of sample housing area as well.
Objectives To evaluate pulmonary physicians’knowledge level about prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) in some urban areas in China. Methods A total of 258 pulmonary physicians were interviewed face-to-face in 24 hospitals from July to October in 2006. The questionnaire included the knowledge of COPD, prescriptions at initial visit and follow-up, pulmonary function test monitoring, assessment and intervention in stable COPD, knowledge and evaluation of the commonly used medicines, the effects of smoking cessation and adopted measures, as well as the knowledge of treatment prospects and patients’ education. Results Eighty-eight percent of pulmonary physicians considered themselves knowledgeable on COPD, and 95% were familiar with the severity classification. Most of them knew about GOLD and Chinese Guideline of Prevention and Treatment to COPD, and paid attention to chest X-ray and pulmonary function test during diagnosis. The standards in evaluation of stable COPD patients were not well understood, and 92% of physicians claimed for pulmonary function test in stable stage. Seventy-nine percent of physicians actively suggested the patients quit smoking. The prescription for COPD patients at iniative and maintenance therapy met the guideline on the whole, but the mucolytic agents were appreciated too much and used too frequently. Thirty-three percent of physicians took it necessary to treat stable COPD,and 69% believed that pharmacotherapy for stable COPD could rersult in satisfactory quality of life.Conclusions In some big cities in China, the pulmonary physicians have good knowledge about COPD. But long-term prevention and intervention, especially in pharmacotherapy, are still unsatisfactory.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of arteriosclerosis in patients with hypertension defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) and classical diagnostic criteria. MethodsA total of 3 815 residents were enrolled in 10 communities in north Shanghai. According to the classic diagnostic criteria of hypertension (systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg) and AHA diagnostic criteria (systolic blood pressure≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥80 mmHg), the population was divided into normal blood pressure group, AHA diagnosis standard hypertension group, and classic methods of diagnosis of hypertension group. The differences in cervical-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) among the three groups were compared. SPSS 13.0 software was then used for data analysis.ResultsCompared with the patients who met the standard criteria, patients who met AHA criteria had lower mean ages (70.2±7.4 vs. 71.4±7.9 year, P<0.001), more history of hypertension (48.8% vs. 72.7%, P<0.001) and lower body mass index (24.1±3.5 vs. 24.7±3.9 kg/m2, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (3.07±0.92 vs. 3.15±0.97 mmol/L, P=0.033), cf-PWV (8.7±2.7 vs. 9.8±3.0 m/s, P<0.001) and ba-PWV (1 647.7±610.1 vs. 1 797.2±729.7 cm/s, P<0.001). ConclusionsThe degree of arteriosclerosis of patients who meet AHA standards is between that who meet the standard criteria and the normal population. For these patients, blood pressure should be actively controlled to delay the progression of arteriosclerosis.
Objective To investigate the ways of scientific research knowledge acquirement, and the situation of research capacity and demand of neurological nurses in Sichuan Province. Methods From May to June 2015, 153 neurological nurses from 7 hospitals of Sichuan Province were enrolled by convenient stratified sampling method. The ways of acquiring scientific research knowledge, research capacity, and research demand of the nurses were investigated by questionnaire. Results Among the 153 nurses, there were 50.3% with low level, 47.7% with moderate level, and 2.0% with high level of scientific research capacity, respectively. The total scores of nursing research capacity ranged from 4 to 101. The dimension of " capacity of generating the research ideas” was the highest, and the dimensions of " capacity of designing research protocol” and " capacity of analyzing research data and material” were the lowest. Of the respondents, 66.2% had never attended any research training program, 51.3% acquired scientific research knowledge by themselves, and 65.6% were willing to participate research training courses. The respondents tended to study on their own by internet. There were significant differences in scientific research capacity among neurological nurses with different initial education, attending the college entrance examination or not, having attended research training and self-study or not (P<0.05). Conclusions Most nurses acquire scientific research knowledge by themselves, and insufficient research training couldn’t satisfy the research demand of neurological nurses. The initial education degree and research study intention are related to research capacity. However, due to the limited amount of samples, the positive influence of self-study and research training on the research capacity still need to be further explored.
ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the antibiotic use in Sichuan Province. MethodsAntibiotic use of inpatients was investigated in 23 hospitals on the day of June 25, 2011. ResultsThe percentage of antibiotic use was 42.4% in the total 27 144 inpatients, the range of which was between 24.3% and 63.3% for each hospital. And 63.8% of the antibiotic use was for therapeutic purpose, and 72.2% used only one antibiotic drug. A total of 36.9% of the patients receiving antibiotic treatment for therapeutic use sent samples for pathogenic detection. With the increase of the size of the hospital (judged by the number of beds), antimicrobial drug utilization decreased with statistical significance (χ2=411.834, P=0.000). With the improvement of regional economic level (judged by per-capita GDP of each region), the hospital antimicrobial usage decreased with statistical significance (χ2=500.093, P=0.000). The three types of antimicrobial drug most frequently used were other β-lactam antibiotics, penicillin and third generation cephalosporin. ConclusionAntibiotic use is reasonable in Sichuan Province as a whole. However, it is necessary to reduce irrational use of antimicrobial agents continuously, and to strengthen the management of clinical antibiotic usage among inpatients.
Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of perceived HIV stigma and discrimination among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methods By using convenience sampling method, 123 patients were recruited from the department of infectious diseases in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu from April to May in 2017. Berger HIV stigma scale was used to measure the level of perceived HIV stigma. Results The mean score of Berger HIV stigma scale was 113.72±17.890, which revealed a middle to upper level. Among the four subscales, the score of disclosure concerns (3.07±0.462) was the highest, while the score of negative self-image (2.70±0.494) was the lowest. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender and self-perceived health status were the influencing factors of perceived HIV stigma. Conclusions The level of perceived HIV stigma among PLWHA is from middle to upper level. Female gender and poor self-perceived health status are associated with a higher level of perceived HIV stigma. Individualized interventions are required in order to reduce the level of HIV stigma.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in urban and rural residents in Chengdu. MethodsA cluster random sampling survey was carried out from February to October in 2010. A total of 2 011 residents aged 35-70 years in four communities of Chengdu (two communities in urban area, two in rural area) were investigated for the incidence of hypertension. Analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software. ResultsThe standardized prevalence of hypertension was 31.30% among residents aged 35-70 years, which was much higher in urban than that in rural:39.03% vs. 24.90% (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, age, waist, heart rate, fasting blood glucose and education level were the major risk factors of hypertension for male; while age, waist, heart rate, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and uric acid were the major risk factors for female. ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension in urban is higher than that in rural in Chengdu. Prevention and intervention should be performed more for whom have increased waist circumfluence, abnormal levels of fasting glucose, and increased heart rate.
目的 了解四川省人民医院2011年的医院感染情况及其高危因素、抗菌药物使用情况。 方法 2011年9月采用横断面调查、床旁调查和病历调查相结合的方法，调查该院在调查日的医院感染、高危因素和抗菌药物使用等信息。 结果 调查住院患者1 898例，医院感染现患率4.53%，医院感染例次率4.64%；动静脉插管、呼吸机使用、泌尿道插管、气管切开、激素使用、化学疗法和免疫抑制剂的使用、血液透析等为医院感染的高危因素；调查当日抗菌药物使用率为32.93%。 结论 通过医院感染横断面调查可方便、快捷地获得全院医院感染方面的信息，为医院感染防控工作的开展提供依据。