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find Keyword "病房" 115 results
  • Effect of “net bottom” management in the prevention and control of device-associated infections in elderly patients in emergency intensive care unit

    Objective To explore the effect of “net bottom” management in the control of device-associated infections (DAIs) in elderly patients by setting infection monitoring doctors and nurses in the emergency intensive care unit (EICU). Methods Elderly patients who aged≥60 years old admitted to the EICU of the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang between April 2018 and March 2021 were selected as the research subjects. A “net bottom” management mode was established and implemented for the purpose of infection prevention and control, taking medical and other departments as the coordination and management subjects, and infection monitoring doctors and nurses as the core. The effectiveness of the management intervention was evaluated by comparing the incidences of DAIs in elderly patients, the compliance rates of medical staff in hand hygiene, and the consumption of hand sanitizer per bed day in EICU among the primary stage (from April 2018 to March 2019), intermediate stage (from April 2019 to March 2020), and later stage (from April 2020 to March 2021). Results During the primary stage, intermediate stage, and later stage, there were 540, 497, and 507 elderly inpatients in EICU monitored, respectively, and the incidences of nosocomial infections were 7.22% (39/540), 5.84% (29/497), and 4.14% (21/507), respectively, showing a decreasing trend (χ2trend=4.557, P=0.033). The incidences of ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections decreased from 4.82‰, 2.53‰, and 0.95‰, respectively in the primary stage, to 0.51‰, 1.01‰, and 0.53‰, respectively in the later stage, among which the difference in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was statistically significant (P<0.05). The hand hygiene compliance rate of EICU medical staff increased from 70.39% to 86.67% (P<0.05), and the consumption of hand sanitizer per bed day increased from 33.70 mL to 67.27 mL. The quarterly hand hygiene compliance rate was positively correlated with the quarterly consumption of hand sanitizer per bed day (rs=0.846, P=0.001), and negatively correlated with the quarterly incidence of nosocomial infections (rs=–0.769, P=0.003). Conclusion The “net bottom” management by setting up infection monitoring doctors and nurses in the EICU and multi-department collaboration can reduce the incidence of DAIs in elderly patients in EICU, which plays a positive role in promoting the hospital infection management and improving the quality of hospital infection management.

    Release date:2022-04-25 03:47 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 中心静脉血氧饱和度监测在重症加强治疗病房中的临床应用

    重症加强治疗病房( ICU) 危重患者大部分因为多器官功能障碍综合征( MODS) 而生命受到威胁, 而组织缺氧是导致MODS 发生的最重要的因素之一, 是各因素相互作用的主要枢纽[ 1] 。混合静脉血氧饱和度( SvO2 ) 可以提供全身氧供需的评估, 了解组织缺氧的程度, 从而为危重患者治疗策略的实施提供依据[ 2] 。但其测定较为复杂, 必须通过放置SWAN-GANS 导管才能监测, 临床应用因此受到限制。中心静脉血氧饱和度( ScvO2 ) 是混合静脉血氧饱和度的组成部分, 主要反映了脑和躯体的上半部分对氧的供需之间的关系, 其临床操作侵袭性较小, 容易获取, 目前在ICU的应用越来越广泛[ 2] 。本综述主要介绍ScvO2 监测在ICU危重疾病的诊断、治疗和预后方面的重要意义和应用范围, 同时进一步强调了ICU氧平衡监测策略的重要性。

    Release date:2016-09-13 04:06 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 特需病房高血压患者疾病认知行为调查及护理干预

    目的 讨论护理干预对特需病房高血压患者疾病认知程度及生活方式改变的影响。 方法 2010年11月-2012年1月,采用自行设计问卷对165例高收入高血压患者疾病认知及行为情况进行调查,并采取对症护理干预措施,比较干预前后该组患者认知水平及行为改变程度。 结果 通过护理干预,患者对高血压病因知识、治疗目的及意义、遵医嘱服药的重要性、获取高血压相关知识途径的知晓率均达到90%以上;能够坚持低盐、清淡饮食的患者由44.2%提升到78.2%。认知水平及行为改变明显高于干预前,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 护理干预可提高特需病房高血压患者的疾病认知水平,改变生活习惯,提高自我管理能力。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 烧伤病房陪护管理方法探讨

    【摘要】 针对烧伤病房陪护管理问题,通过采用加大宣传教育力度及制定落实陪护管理制度等措施,从多个方面切实加强烧伤层流病房的陪护管理。在大家的努力下,烧伤病房陪护人员数量得到有效控制,感染防控意识明显加强,但在中午以及夜间薄弱时间段对陪护人员的管理还需加强。目前采取的陪护管理方法能够实现较规范的陪护管理,但完善的陪护管理仍有可探讨改进的空间。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:27 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 重症医学科构建外周静脉置入中心静脉导管医护一体的工作模式探讨

    目的在重症医学科(ICU)开展外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)医护一体合作的工作模式,以提高PICC置管的成功率,解决重症患者置管的相关问题,降低导管相关性血流感染(CRBSI)发生率。 方法选择2010年4月-2012年3月入住ICU的置入PICC的患者229例,按照入住日期单双数分为对照组和试验组,比较两组CRBSI的发生率和PICC置管成功率。 结果试验组CRBSI发生率明显低于对照组;且试验组的PICC置管成功率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论ICU构建PICC医护一体的工作模式,能显著提高重症患者PICC置管成功率和安全性,降低CRBSI发生率,减少了重症患者反复静脉穿刺的痛苦,保护患者外周静脉,提高护理质量及工作效率。

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  • Analysis of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae detected in ICU patients

    Objective To explore the colonization of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit of our hospital and analyze the risk factors. Methods A total of 226 patients were actively screened in the surgical intensive care unit and neurosurgery intensive care unit from June to December 2020 in the hospital, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results Totally, 87 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were screened out, 69 strains were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), and the resistant genotype was mainly KPC genotype (79.6%). The resistance rates of meropenem were 75.0% and 77.4%, respectively. Age and pulmonary infection before admission are risk factors for CRKP colonization, while pulmonary infection before admission is an independent risk factor for CRKP colonization. Conclusions Both the CRKP colonization rate of patients and the rate of resistance to carbapenem antimicrobials are relatively high in the intensive care unit of our hospital. Pulmonary infection before admission is an independent risk factor for CRKP colonization.

    Release date:2022-07-29 01:40 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 烧伤层流病房医院感染管理措施与体会

    目的 针对烧伤患者易发生院内感染的状况,探讨烧伤层流病房医院感染管理的有效措施。 方法 实施质量监控,建立健全各项管理制度,严格执行消毒隔离措施,规范医护人员操作,加强陪护管理。 结果 认真落实各项管理措施,并形成长效机制。 结论 病房的医院感染率得到有效控制,为缩短患者住院时间,提高治愈率起到重要作用。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 霍桑效应对重症监护病房手卫生依从性的影响研究

    目的 探索霍桑效应对重症监护病房(Intensive Care Unit,ICU)医护人员手卫生依从性的影响。 方法 2014 年 10 月—12 月科室根据世界卫生组织手卫生调查方法,采用现场直接观察法和隐蔽式观察法,分别对 ICU 122 名护士、12 名医生、4 名保洁、14 名工人的手卫生情况进行明访和暗访,并将明访和暗访监测到的手卫生时机的洗手执行情况进行对比分析;2015 年 1 月研究者对中国知网数据库中所报道的手卫生依从性调查的文章进行了文献回顾,检索关键词为“手卫生”“依从性”,对搜索获取到的文献进行分析。 结果 ICU 医护人员手卫生依从性明访、暗访结果分别为 70.05%(1 275/1 820)和 57.28%(1 023/1 786),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。对中国知网数据库中检索到的 62 篇核心期刊的研究方法采用明访的居多,其中明访 36 篇,暗访 24 篇,明暗访相结合的 2 篇;仅有 3 篇提及霍桑效应,其中 2 篇采取了避免霍桑效应的措施;手卫生依从性<50% 的文献占总文献的 25.8%,依从性在 50%~80% 的文献占总文献的 46.8%,依从性在 80%~90% 的文献占总文献的 12.9%,依从性>90% 的文献占总文献的 14.5%。 结论 ICU 医护人员手卫生依从性可能受霍桑效应影响,因此在进行手卫生依从性的调查时要避免霍桑效应,以取得真实的调查结果。

    Release date:2017-06-22 02:01 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 三种监测方法评价重症监护病房环境物体表面清洁消毒效果的对比研究

    目的采用3种监测方法评价重症监护病房(ICU)环境物体表面清洁消毒效果,为ICU选择环境物体表面清洁消毒效果监测方法提供依据,提高ICU医务人员对环境清洁消毒工作重要性的认识。 方法2015年4月1日-30日选择ICU手高频接触物体表面100处,分别采用荧光标记监测法、棉拭子采样监测法、平皿印迹监测法监测环境物体表面清洁消毒效果,数据分析采用SPSS 19.0软件处理。 结果荧光标记监测法、棉拭子采样监测法、平皿印迹监测法监测合格率分别为26%、67%和75%,荧光标记监测法合格率低于棉拭子采样监测法和平皿印迹监测法,差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.786,P<0.001;χ2=48.025,P<0.001),棉拭子采样监测法与平皿印迹监测法合格率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.554,P=0.213);3种监测方法结果不合格采样点具有一致性;荧光标记监测法具有便捷性、可视性、操作简单,成本低。 结论荧光标记监测法、棉拭子采样监测法、平皿印迹监测法3种监测方法均可用于评价ICU环境物体表面清洁消毒效果,但荧光标记监测法优于棉拭子采样监测法和平皿印迹监测法。

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  • 重症监护病房医院感染目标监测结果分析及对策

    目的 探讨医院重症监护病房(ICU)院内感染特点及高危因素。 方法 按照原卫生部发布的WS/T 312-2009 《医院感染监测规范》,对2010年-2012年入住ICU时间>48 h的患者进行目标性监测,监测时间每年6个月,分析发生医院感染的相关危险因素,并对3年的数据进行分析,从中找到不足之处及时采取措施整改。 结果 监测301例次,发生医院感染分别为:2010年9例次、2011年6例次、2012年5例次,感染率分别为11.11%、6.74%、3.82%,呈逐年下降趋势,医院感染部位以泌尿道感染最高,其次为下呼吸道。 结论 切实可行的目标监测手段对预防与控制ICU患者医院感染起着重要的作用。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:38 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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