Objective To study the distribution of P2 Y2 receptor in spine cord, dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve in rat, and to provide the basis for clarifying the mechanism of the effect of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) on the peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods Six specimens of the spine cord, dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve from SD rats were fixed rapidly in 4% paraformaldehyde which included DEPC, imbedded by paraffin and made into ultrathin section. According to the sequence of P2 Y2 receptor’s gene, DNA needle was adopted to detect the distribution of P2 Y2 receptor by hybridization technique in section under the light microscope after theyhad been stained in NBT liquid（50 mg/ml） and BCIP liquid （75 mg/ml）. In thecontrol group, the ultrathin section was only covered with hybridism buffer solution. The result of staining was observed. ResultsHybridization in section showed that P2 Y2 receptor was distributed mainly in the anterior horn cell of spine cordgray matter and Schwann cell of the dorsal root ganglia. No P2 Y2 receptor was observed in the sciatic nerve of both groups. Conclusion P2 Y2 receptor is located mainly in the spine cord and the dorsal root ganglia. Extracellular ATP can affect the cell of spine cord, dorsal root ganglia through P2 Y2 receptor.
Objective To evaluate the relation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) loads in cerebrospinal fluid with central neurological diseases. Methods The inpatients with HIV-1 infection diagnosed by Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between January 1st, 2015 and March 1st, 2018 were retrospectively included. The included patients were divided into central neurological disease group and non-central neurological disease group, and high viral load group and low viral load group. The demographic data, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, routine detection of cerebrospinal fluid, HIV RNA load in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with and without central neurological diseases were observed and compared.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for central neurological diseases. Results A total of 367 patients were included. In the central neurological disease group, 210 cases (57.22%) were complicated with central neurological diseases, and cryptococcus infection was the most. Compared with the non-central neurological disease group, the increase rate of cerebrospinal fluid cell counts, cerebrospinal fluid cell counts, cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA positivity and cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA load were higher in the central neurological disease group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that HIV RNA load in cerebrospinal fluid≥100 000 copies/mL and CD4+ T lymphocyte count<200 cells/mm3 were risk factors for central neurological diseases. Conclusion Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA load≥100 000 copies/mL is an independent risk factor for HIV/AIDS patients with central neurological diseases and clinical treatment should take this factor into consideration to reasonably optimize the selection of antiretroviral therapy.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current research progress on the changes of enteric glial cells (EGCs) in intestinal motility disorders and its possible molecular mechanisms in regulating intestinal motility.MethodThe literatures related to the EGCs and intestinal dysmotility were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe EGCs were involved in the occurrence and development of intestinal motility disorders, and there were abnormalities in the quantity, receptor, and phenotype in the different dysmotility diseases such as the postoperative ileus, Hirschsprung disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and so on. It could sense the neuronal signals and communicate with the enteric neurons via Ca2+ response and connexin-43 to affect the intestinal motility.ConclusionStudy of role and mechanism of EGCs in intestinal motor dysfunction is helpful to discovery new targets for treatment of these diseases.
Objective To investigate the cl inical features of mal ignant melanoma (MM) in the central nervous system (CNS) and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods Seven MM-in-CNS patients’ records between September 1996 and April 2007 were analyzed retrospectively, including 6 males and 1 female aged 18-74 years. The 5 cases were located in the supra-tentorial area, 1 in the spinal cord and 1 in the whole brain. CT or MRI scan was appl ied. The lesion was in the right frontal area in 4 cases, in the right temporal are in 1 case, in the left temporal area in 1 case, in the left apex area in 1 case and in the cervical spinal cord of C5-7 in 1 case. Six patients underwent neurosurgical operation and1 patient received the Gamma Knife therapy. The pathological examination revealed that 2 cases were metastatic MM and 5 were primary. Results One patient with primary MM received no follow-up, and the rest 6 patients were followed up for 2 weeks to 2 years with the time of median 8 months. One patient with metastatic MM died 2 months after operation, 1 patient to with metastatic MM died 2 weeks after Gamma-Knife treatment, 1 patient with metastatic MM with primary MM died 2 years after operation, and 3 patients with primary MM were still al ive and self-independent 6, 10 and 24 months after operation, respecti vely. Conclusion Since MM-in-CNS is short of specificity in cl inical symptoms and signs, its diagnosis mainly rel ies on the pathological examination and is assisted by MRI. The combined therapy giving priority to operation is recommended.
Objective To review the biologic characteristics and biologic effect of cholecystokinine (CCK) on the central nervous system. Methods The literatures of recent years on research advancement of cholecystokinine as neurotransmitters/peptides in signal transduction, neuron protection and pain management in the central nervous system are reviewed. Results CCK possesses the ability to suppress the convulsant effects of convulsants. CCK8 is able to reduce the neural damage caused and delay the neural aging. CCK antagonists play an important role in human pain transduction. Conclusion CCK has been proven to be one of the richest neurotransmitters/neuropeptides as well as an important signal factor in the brain, and its important biologic effect is being confirmed.
ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of carotid artery stenosis degree and intervention for carotid artery stenosis on the incidence of central nervous system complications after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) and explore the influencing factors. MethodsA total of 1 150 patients undergoing OPCABG in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2021 were selected and divided into two groups according to whether there were central nervous system complications, including a central nervous system complication group [n=61, 43 males and 18 females with a median age of 68.0 (63.0, 74.0) years] and a non-central nervous system complication group [n=1 089, 796 males and 293 females with a median age of 65.5 (59.0, 70.0) years]. The risk factors for central nervous system complications after OPCABG were analyzed. ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that age, smoking, hyperlipidemia, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, intra-aortic ballon pump (IABP), postoperative arrhythmia, postoperative thoracotomy and blood transfusion volume were associated with central nervous system complications. The incidence of central nervous system complications in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis or occlusion (11.63%) was higher than that in the non-stenosis and mild stenosis patients (4.80%) and moderate stenosis patients (4.76%) with a statistical difference (P=0.038). The intervention for carotid artery stenosis before or during the operation did not reduce the incidence of central nervous system complications after the operation (42.11% vs. 2.99%, P<0.001). Age, postoperative arrhythmia, severe unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis and occlusion were independent risk factors for postoperative central nervous system complications (P<0.05). Conclusion The age, smoking, hyperlipidemia, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, intraoperative use of IABP, postoperative arrhythmia, secondary thoracotomy after surgery, blood transfusion volume and OPCABG are associated with the incidence of postoperative central nervous system complications in patients. Age, postoperative arrhythmia, severe unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis and occlusion are independent risk factors for postoperative central nervous system complications. In patients with severe carotid artery stenosis, preoperative treatment of the carotid artery will not reduce the incidence of central nervous system complications.