ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) on grafted mucous membrane of transplanted small bowel.MethodsTotal small bowel transplantation was made in inbred Wistar (RT1k) rats heterotopically,either total parenteral nutrition (control group,n=10) or hepatocyte growth factor supplemented TPN (HGF group,n=10) was given to the recipients from the 2nd day to the 10th day postoperatively. Morphological parameters of the transplanted intestinal mucosa, such as mucosal villous height, villous width, crypt depth, mucosal thickness and villous surface area were observed. Variation of ultrastructure of transplanted epithelial cells was observed. Composition of mucosal protein and DNA content were tested. ResultsComparison between HGF group and the control group were as follows. Mucosal villous height (298.79±22.31） μm vs （176.45±14.62） μm, P=0.001, villous width (107.46±12.34） μm vs （74.20±16.85） μm, P=0.004, crypt depth (104.56±11.17） μm vs （74.45±8.34） μm, P=0.000 5, mucosal thickness (409.53±35.83） μm vs （259.38±24.65） μm, P=0.003, and villous surface area (0.101±0.011) mm2 vs (0.041±0.005) mm2, P=0.001 were found significantly increased in HGF group compared with control group, there were no obvious difference decrease as compared to pretransplant parameters.Mucosal protein composition was higher in HGF group than that in control group （89.65±9.28) mg/g wet wt vs (53.73±11.45) mg/g wet wt, P=0.012, baseline (92.64±10.52) mg/g wet wt, nearly equal to baseline; DNA composition was also high in HGF group （0.89±0.09) mg/g wet wt vs (0.51±0.06) mg/g wet wt, P=0.008, baseline (0.91±0.09) mg/g wet wt. Nearly normal ultrastructure of the graft was maintained in HGF group, atrophied microvilli and broken mitochondrial crista were observed in control group.ConclusionHepatocyte growth factor can improve mucosal structure, preserve enterocyte ultrastructure of isograft after small bowel transplantation in rat.
Objective To study ultrastructure and clinical significance of gastrin secretory granule in colorectal carcinoma cells. Methods The gastrin expression in colorectal carcinoma tissue and blood of 10 cases was examined by using radioimmunity analysis and immunohistochemistry. The ultrastructure of gastrin secretory granule of 10 cases, the positive of gastrin immunohistochemistry of colorectal carcinoma were examined by using immunoelectron microscopic technique. Results The gastrin concentration of the colorectal cancer group 〔（130.75 ±21.34） pg/ml〕 was significantly higher than that of control group 〔（95.63± 12.26） pg/ml〕，Plt;0.05. In 10 specimens of colorectal cancer, 5 cases were gastrin immunohistochemistry positive (+++), 4 moderate positive (++) and 1 weak positive (+). Cells in colorectal cancer were polyshaped, with unusual nucleoli different in size, concentrating on the edge, the cytoplasm mitochondrion was plentiful with vacuolates, and more secretion granules could be seen, 400-1500 nm in diameter with a clear border of membrane. There were two types of granular appearance: type A was largest in bulk size, low electrodensity was welldistributed, granular core appeared loose; type B was smaller in bulk size, high electrodensity was welldistributed, nucleus was usually compact.protein A gold (pAg) positive granules were located partially in secreting granules. pAg positive granules in highly differentiated cancer were mainly located in secreting granules of type A. pAg positive granules in low differentiated cancer were mainly located in secreting granules of type B. A part of cancer cell membrane, and inside and outside of microvillus membrane, adhering to pAg granules in line could be seen. Conclusion The colorectal carcinoma cells may synthesize and secrete gastrin themselves, which may be the mechanism of high gastrin levels in colorectal cancer. The use of gastrin antagonist and receptor antagonist may treat the patents with colorectal carcinoma.
The DNA content, cellular ultrastructure and the expression of blood group Y antigen and immunosuppressive acidic protein-2(IAP-2) were observed in normal breast, cystic hyperplasia of breast and breast cancer. The results showed: the results observed in the cells of cystic hyperplasia with epithelial proliferation grade Ⅰ were similar to those in normal breast cells. The DNA content increased, the hypoplasia and dedifferentiation features in some structures of cellular membrane and nucleus were observed, and the abnormal antigens expressed in part of the atypical hyperplasic cells. The DNA content and ultrastructure in a part of cells with aypical hyperplasia grade Ⅲ were similar to those in the cells of breast cancer grade Ⅰ. The results indicated that in the couse of atypical hyperplasia, the biological abnormalities and its extent of those cells were closely related to the differentiation extent, the developing tendency and the risk of canceration of the cystic hyperplasia of breast.
To evaluate the biological tolerance of the human liver to prolonged warm ischemia, 20 patients who underwent liver resections with hepatic inflow occlusion are reported. Biopsy of liver were performed during and after consecutive periods of hepatic ischemia, and speciments were observed under light and electron microscope. The results showed that hepatic vascular occlusion for ＜30 min, resulted in atotissular temporary but reversible pathologic and ultrastructural changes in liver, even patients with liver cirrhosis had better recovery from the operation when the hepatic ischemia was lengthen up to 40 min.
The morphologic changes of the liver,heart and kidney in relation to the serum choleic acids in obstructive jaundce of rats were investigated.One of the results showed that one to two weeks after the common bile duct was ligated and servered,the damages to the damages to the mitochondria were found in the organs,while the serum choleic acids markedly increased.The other result was that when the rats were fed with sodium cholate in the dosage that their peak blood concentrations were close to the average results concentration in obstrcutive jaundice,their mitochondrial damage were in the similar degree.These results suggest that choleic acids stasisi is one of the factors of multiple organ damage in obstructive jaundice.
A simple model of canine auto-trasplantation of liver was set up by ourselves, and the effects of hepatic artery ischemia (HAI) on ultrastructure of liver and biliary duct transplanted were observed. The results showed that the liver and biliary cells swelled slightly, mitochondrial matrix was loose and ridges were vague just often perfusion. Afte HAI for 3 hours the edema of hepatic and biliary cells aggravated cytoplasm was loose, mitochondria enlarged and partly vacuolar degenerated, ridges broke or disappeared, flocculent focal densites was seen in the matrix, endoplasmic retculum distended obviously, and the ribosome depolymerizated. So we consider that HAI causes obvious damage to hepatic and biliary cells. These indicate that HAI is one of the important factors of complication after liver transplantation, especially some biliary complications.
In order to study the influence of biliary tract obstruction on enteromicroflora,we ligate the canine biliary tract to observe the acrobic and anerobic bacteria in the duodenum and ileum at intervals of post-ligation(the 10th,20th,30th days),and to study the pathogenesis and ultramicroscopic of the ileal mucosa at the same intervals.The results showed that:the population and species of enteroflora in small intestine gradually increased after biliary obstruction.Bacteria(especialy E.coli) ascended to the upper part of small intestine,from their normal habitant of lower part of small intestine.Therefore the radio of general aerobia and E.coli risen obviously in duodenum.The longer the obstruction,the more pathologic changes were observed in ileal mucosa.such as edema,leukocytes infiltration and destruction of epithelial villi.All of those changed may be the causative factor of biliary tract infection.So that,in the programs of preventing enterogenic infection at the state of biliary tract obstruction,the protection and adjusting of normal enteroflora should be adventently considered.
Objective To explore the ultrastructure characteristics of pulmonary arteries in smokers with normal lung function and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) . Methods 33 patients who undertook surgery for peripheral lung cancer were collected. According to smoking history and pulmonary function, the patients were divided into three groups, ie. non-smokers with normal pulmonary function ( group A, n = 10) , smokers with normal pulmonary function ( group B, n = 13) , and smokers in stable phase of COPD ( group C, n = 10) . Normal lung tissues without cancer were sampled and observed under light and electric microscope. Results ①Compared with group A, the thickness of intimal layer of intra-acinar pulmonary muscular arteries of group B and C were significantly higher, the area of their lumenwas lower, and the proportion of their muscular arteries was higher( P lt; 0. 01) . ②Ultrastructure of small pulmonary arteries of group A showed that intimal layer was normal, so as to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Collagen fiber was not increased. Ultrastructure observation of group B showed that endothelialcells were distorted, basal membrane was thick, and collagen fiber increased in vessels. Ultrastructure observation of group C showed that endothelial cells degenerated, vascular intima thickness increased, andsynthetic phenotype smooth muscle cells increased. ③ Smoking index was positively correlated with the proportion of muscular arteries and the proportion of intimal area( r =0. 464,0. 635, P lt;0. 05, respectively) ,and negatively correlated with the proportion of lumen area( r= - 0. 603, P lt;0. 05) . Conclusions Smokers with normal lung fuction and with COPD show the similar ultrastructural characterizations in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pulmonary arterial remodeling, which related closely to smoking.
Objective To investigate the expression of Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 ( JMJD3) in lung cancer tissue. Methods The cancer tissue slides from 53 lung cancer patients with different TNMstages were immunostained with JMJD3 antibody. The relationship between the expression of JMJD3 and type of pathology, TNM stage, survival time was analyzed. Results 94. 3% lung cancer tissue expressed JMJD3 protein. The expression of JMJD3 was negatively correlated with TNMstage( r = - 0. 347,P =0. 002) . The patients with decreased JMJD3 expression had shorter survival time than the patients with high JMJD3 expression ( X2 = 17. 83, P = 0. 001) . Conclusion Decreased expression of JMJD3 may promote the lung cancer progression.