The study of brain information flow is of great significance to understand brain function in the field of neuroscience. The Granger causality is widely used functional connectivity analysis using multivariate autoregressive model based on the predicted mechanism. High resolution electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of ten healthy subjects were collected with a visual selective attention task. Firstly, independent component analysis was used to extract three spatially independent components of the occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices. Secondly, the Granger causal connectivity was computed between these three regions based on the Granger causality method and then independent sample t-test and bootstrap were used to test the significance of connections. The results showed that Granger causal connectivity existed from frontal to occipital and from parietal to occipital in attentional condition, while causal connectivity from frontal to occipital disappeared in unattentional condition.
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the cl inical effect of excising the radial head, repairing or reconstructing themedial collateral l igament (MCL) in treating comminuted fracture of the radial head accompanying by MCL injury. Methods From September 2000 to April 2006, 18 patients with comminuted fractures of radial head accompanying by MCL injury were treated by excision of the radial head, repair or reconstruction of the MCL. Of them, there were 12 males and 6 females,aged 21 to 57 years. Injury was caused by high fall ing in 10 cases and by traffic accidents in 8 cases. According to Mason classifications,13 fractures were of type Ⅲ and 5 of type Ⅳ . Fifteen cases of fresh fractures were operated within 2 weeks, 3 cases of old fractures at 4, 6, and 14 months after injury respectively. Four cases underwent MCL repair and 14 cases underwent MCL reconstruction. Results All the 18 cases were followed up 1-5 years (mean 3 years ). According to Broberg and Morrey scoring system, 4 patients were rated as excellent, 12 as good, 1 as fair, and 1 as poor. The excellent and good rate was 88.9%.Three patients had l ight pain of elbow, 1 patient had moderate pain and the other 14 had no pain. The range of elbow motion was from 110 to 140°(mean 130°). The pronation averaged 75° (35-85°). The supination averaged 80° (65-89°). Compared with normal l imbs, the grip strength decreased by 3% to 28% (mean 15%); the extension strength decreased by 8% to 39% (mean 30%); the flexion strength decreased by 7% to 29% (mean 18%); the pronation strength decreased by 7% to 31% (mean 20%);the supination strength decreased by 15% to 45% (mean 25%). The X-ray films showed that carrying angle increased by 0 to 11°(mean 5° ) under two-newton-meter valgus torque. There were significant differences between injured l imbs and normal l imbs (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion The MCL was the primary valgus stabil izer of the elbow. If the radial head replacement could not becarried out, the repair or reconstruction of the medial collateral l igament was effective.
ObjectiveTo study the expression levels of miR-339-3p and miR-339-5p in the gastric carcinoma cell lines(SGC-7901, BGC-823, and MKN-45) and gastric surface epithelium(GES-1);detect the relationship between miR-339-3p and miR-339-5p and the gastric carcinoma cell lines in vetrio experiment through the gain of function, and further significance is suggested. MethodsSYBR greenⅠreal time PCR was performed to access the expression of miR-339-3p and miR-339-5p in different cell lines(SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-45, and GES-1). The expression levels of miR-339-3p and miR-339-5p were verified by real time PCR experiment again after transfecting miR-339-3p mimics and miR-339-5p mimics. After that, the changes of MKN-45 cells apoptosis and proliferation at 72 h after transfection were detected by flow cytometry and CCK-8 method. ResultsThe expression levels of miR-339-3p and miR-339-5p in gastric carcinoma cell lines(SGC-7901, BGC-823, and MKN-45) were down regulated. Compared with the control group, the apoptosis of MKN-45 cell line was significantly higher(P < 0.05), the ability of proliferation of MKN-45 cell line decreased after transfecting miR-339-3p mimics and miR-339-5p mimics within 72 hours(P < 0.01). ConclusionThe expression levels of miR-339-3p and miR-339-5p significantly decreased in the gastric carcinoma cell lines(SGC-7901, BGC-823, and MKN-45) in contrast with gastric surface epithelium. MiR-339-3p and miR-339-5p may be involved in the apoptosis and proferation of the gastric carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical results of uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) for ultimate hip disease combined with proximal femoral deformity. MethodsBetween February 2005 and June 2013, 48 cases (51 hips) of ultimate hip disease combined with proximal femoral deformity were treated with uncemented THA and osteotomy. There were 14 males (16 hips) and 34 females (35 hips), with an average age of 52 years (range, 19-83 years). Unilateral hip was involved in 45 cases, and bilateral hips in 3 cases. There were 36 cases (39 hips) of developmental dysplasia of hip, 3 cases (3 hips) of traumatic arthritis, 1 case (1 hip) of previous intertrochanteric valgus osteotomy, 4 cases (4 hips) of internal fixation failure, 3 cases (3 hips) of tuberculosis, and 1 case (1 hip) of suppurative infection. Preoperative Trendelenburg sign was positive in all hips. The discrepancy of limbs was observed in 19 patients. According to Berry classification system, deformity located at the greater trochanter in 4 hips, at the femoral neck in 39 hips, at the femur metaphysis in 7 hips, and at femoral shaft in 1 hip. The Harris score was 34.28±3.28 before operation. ResultsHealing of incision by first intention was obtained in all patients. Deep venous thrombosis occurred in 1 patient, and no complications of infection, neurovascular injury, or prosthetic dislocation were found. Forty-seven patients (50 hips) were followed up 3.8 years on average (range, 1-9 years). At last follow-up, the Harris hip score was 92.87±4.57, showing significant difference when compared to preoperative score (t=-213.19, P=0.00). Postoperative Trendelenburg sign was positive in 6 hips. Normal gait was shown in 39 cases, and slight limp in 8 cases. X-ray film results showed complete correction of deformity and bony fusion at the osteotomy sites at 3 to 6 months (mean, 4.4 months) after operation. At last follow-up, all the femoral and acetabulum components showed radiographic evidence of bone ingrowth. Osteolysis was observed in Gruen zones 1 and 7 around the femoral prosthesis of 2 cases. There was no case of prosthesis loosening. ConclusionThe biological fixation of the femoral stem prosthesis combined with corrective osteotomy can attain satisfactory result for ultimate hip disease combined with proximal femoral deformity in THA.
Objective To research the effect of γ-radiation released from 103Pd radioactive stent on the expression of Fas gene and its relation with apoptosis of bile duct cancer cells lines. Methods The cancer cells of bile duct were dissociated into suspension in culture flasks, and the number of cells was counted by hemacytometry. The suspension was then stored in 2 ml freezing tubes in the density of 1×105/ml. They were set in two stents: general stent （general stent group） and 103Pd radioactive stent (103Pd stent group). The expression of Fas gene and apoptosis of bile duct cancer cells in general stent group and 103Pd stent group were analysed with immunohistochemistry technique and TUNEL method, respectively. Results The expression level of Fas gene in 103Pd stent group was significantly higher than that in general stent group （P＜0.05）, and the number of apoptotic cancer cells in 103Pd stent group was also significantly more than that in general stent group （P＜0.01）. Conclusion There is a correlation between the expression of Fas gene and the apoptosis of bile duct cancer cells, which means that 103Pd radioactive stent may increase the expression of Fas gene and promote the apoptosis of cancer cells. It may be helpful for the further study of treatment for bile duct cancer using 103Pd radiative stent.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical results and complication prevention of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of single-segment severe lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).MethodsThe clinical data of 112 patients with severe LSS treated with MIS-TLIF between January 2010 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 43 males and 69 females, aged 52-81 years, with an average age of 65.3 years. The disease duration ranged from 4 to 126 months, with an average of 10.5 months. Clinical manifestations: 104 cases of low back pain, 91 cases of nervous intermittent claudication of both lower limbs, 21 cases of unilateral nerve root pain and/or numbness, and 5 cases of cauda equina nerve injury. The 112 cases were all severe central spinal stenosis, including 32 cases with lateral recess stenosis, 20 cases with foramen stenosis, 9 cases with ossification of ligamentum flavum, 38 cases with disc herniation; 14 cases with two complications and 5 cases with three. Stenosis segment: L3, 4 in 6 cases, L4, 5 in 89 cases, and L5, S1 in 17 cases. Surgical methods included bilateral decompression through bilateral approach (60 cases), bilateral decompression through unilateral approach (15 cases), and unilateral decompression (37 cases). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) score of low back pain and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score, fusion rate, and surgical complications were recorded. At last follow-up, the lumbar fusion was evaluated by Bridwell method, grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ were expressed as fusion.ResultsThe operation time was 83-186 minutes (mean, 126.8 minutes), and the intraoperative blood loss was 65-630 mL (mean, 163.1 mL). All the 112 patients were followed up 25-49 months, with an average of 35.1 months. The VAS score of low back pain and leg pain and ODI score at each time point after operation were significantly improved when compared with preoperative scores (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the VAS score of low back pain and leg pain and ODI score at the other time points except 1 month after operation (P<0.05). At last follow-up, 2 cases of cauda equina nerve injury recovered and 3 cases partially recovered. According to Bridwell classification criteria, 58 cases were grade Ⅰ, 47 cases were grade Ⅱ, and 7 cases were grade Ⅲ. The fusion rate was 93.8%. Perioperative complications included 5 cases of incision complications (superficial infection in 3 cases, hematoma formation in 2 cases), 19 cases of internal fixator complications (intraoperative end plate fracture in 8 cases, fusion cage sinking in 11 cases at last follow-up), and 15 cases of neurological complications (dural sac tear in 10 cases, transient neurological symptoms of lower extremities aggravated in 5 cases). Conclusion MIS-TLIF treatment of single-level severe LSS can achieve good clinical results, while there is a risk of serious complications. Full understanding of the clinical and imaging features of the disease and reasonable and careful operation are helpful to control the occurrence of cauda equina nerve damage.