Background AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has become the most devastating disease which humankind has ever encountered. Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through blood, sexual behavior and mother-to-baby, with more efficient transmission through blood transfusion. HIV risk among blood transfusion was severe due to lack of effective and correctly applied screening method and rigorous management, especially in some developing countries. Since the first HIV screening reagent was approved by FDA to screen the blood in 1985, the fourth generation test has been produced till now. Initially, HIV test was primarily used to screen the blood supply, it also became an important aspect of HIV prevention, especially screening among people donating blood. Today, HIV testing is seen as an integral part of both the nation’s prevention and treatment efforts. Objective To assess the effectiveness of any intervention tests for HIV screening among people donating blood, and find appropriate tests for HIV screening to decrease the risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion. Search strategy MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL/CCTR), AIDSLINE, EMBASE, CBM were be searched with the terms: "HIV", "AIDS", "screening", "test", "blood donor", "blood bank" and the detailed screening method. The websites of WHO, UNAIDS, CDC, FDA, and their related links were searched. Letters were mailed to various agencies and experts in this field to acquire unpublished reports. Inclusion criteria RCT and CCT for screening HIV among blood. donors will be included. Observational studies such as cohort studies, cased-control studies, and historical controlled studies will be used for sensitivity analysis. Method of the review According to the principles of Cochrane Review, selection of trials for inclusion, quality assessment of studies, data extraction and syntheses were conducted by reviewers.
目的 探讨热性惊厥患儿血清电解质和血糖的变化及其临床意义。 方法 选取2009 年6月－2010 年12月儿科住院的呼吸道感染并发热性惊厥患儿38例和呼吸道感染无惊厥患儿42例，分别作为观察组和对照组，测定和比较两组患儿血清电解质和血糖值。 结果 观察组血清钠离子浓度为（133.05 ± 1.74）mmol/L、氯离子浓度为（100.37 ± 1.79）mmol/L；对照组血清钠离子浓度为（142.19 ± 1.85）mmol/L、氯离子浓度为（104.57 ± 1.55）mmol/L，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；观察组和对照组血糖浓度依次为（6.93 ± 0.87）、（5.12 ± 0.55）mmol/L，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。观察组在治疗后的血清钠离子、氯离子浓度分别为（140.89 ± 2.68）、（103.29 ± 1.94）mmol/L，均高于发生惊厥时的浓度（P＜0.01）；观察组在治疗后的血糖浓度为（5.31 ± 0.68）mmol/L，明显低于发生惊厥时，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。 结论 婴幼儿发生热性惊厥时存在血钠、血氯水平降低和血糖升高，在热性惊厥患儿的治疗中应纠正血钠水平和高血糖。Objective To explore the clinical significance of the changes in serum electrolytes and blood glucose in the children with febrile convulsion. Methods Thirty-eight children with respiratory infection combined with febrile convulsion and 42 children with single respiratory infection diagnosed between June 2009 and December 2010 were selected as the observation group and control group, respectively. Serum electrolytes and blood glucose concentration were assayed and compared between the two groups. Results The concentrations of serum sodium and chloride were (133.05 ± 1.74) mmol/L and (100.37 ± 1.79) mmol/L in the observation group, while (142.19 ± 1.85) and (104.57 ± 1.55) mmol/L in the control group; the differences between the two groups were significant (Plt;0.01). The concentrations of blood glucose were (6.93 ± 0.87) mmol/L in the observation group and (5.12 ± 0.55)mmol/L in the control group; the difference was significant (Plt;0.01). After the treatment, the serum concentrations of sodium and chloride were (140.89 ± 2.68) and (103.29 ± 1.94)mmol/L in the observation group, which were higher than those before treatment (Plt;0.01). After treatment, the blood glucose concentration was (5.31 ± 0.68）mmol/L in the observation group, which was lower than that before the treatment (Plt;0.01). Conclusion Hyponatremia, low serum chlorine and hyperglycemia occurre in the febrile convulsion in children, which should be corrected in the treatment of febrile convulsion.
【摘要】 目的 研究合并2型糖尿病的冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血清视黄醇结合蛋白4（retinol-binding protein 4，RBP4）水平的相关性。 方法 2008年10月-2010年4月选择性冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者共120例，分为单纯冠心病组（A组）60例和冠心病合并糖尿病组（B组）60例，检测血糖、血脂、胰岛素以及脂联素、RBP4水平；根据冠状动脉造影结果，以Gensini评分评判冠状动脉病变程度。 结果 B组空腹血糖、胰岛素、RBP4均显著高于A组（Plt;0.05）；冠状动脉病变程度更重（Plt;0.05）。相关性分析显示RBP4水平与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗和冠状动脉病变积分呈正相关（r=0.312、0.322、0.314，Plt;0.05）。与脂联素水平呈负相关（r=-0.362，Plt;0.01）。 结论 冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者RBP4明显升高，且与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the relationship between the level of serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and the extent of coronary lesions in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients accompanied with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 120 patients with CHD diagnosed by coronary arteriongraphy between October 2008 and April 2010 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: CHD group (60 patients); CHD accompanied with T2DM group (60 patients). The levels of serum insulin, adiponectin and RBP4 were measured. All the patients underwent coronary angiography and the extent of coronary lesions was assessed quantitatively based on the Gensini′s scoring system. Results The levels of serum insulin, plasma RBP4 and the extent of coronary artery stenosis in CHD accompanied with T2DM group were significantly higher than those in CHD group (Plt;0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of RBP4 was positively correlated with LDL-C, insulin resistance index and the coronary artery narrow degree（r=0.312, 0.322, 0.314; Plt;0.05); and negatively correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.362, Plt;0.01). Conclusion The significant elevated plasma RBP4 in CHD patients accompanied with T2DM is positively correlated with the extent of coronary artery lesion.
【摘要】 目的 了解北京地区400例新型甲型H1N1流感患者的流行病学和临床特征，总结规律，进一步指导临床诊治。 方法 2009年5-12月期间，收治400例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例，主要采用描述性流行病学方法对患者资料进行回顾性分析，并运用单因素方差分析的方法对结果进行检验。 结果 患者以青年和儿童人群为主，47.0%的患者有明确甲型H1N1流感接触史，主要症状包括发热（98.8%）、咳嗽（85.8%）、咽痛（58.5%）。咽部充血（94.0%）和扁桃体肿大（49.5%）为主要体征。外周血白细胞正常或偏低，349例（82.3%）患者血清铁降低，268例（72.6%）患者C反应蛋白升高。在发病后不同时间内给予奥司他韦治疗的患者发热持续时间和咽拭子的阴转时间有显著差异（Plt;0.001）。 结论 新型甲型H1N1流感发病多以青年和儿童人群为主，以流感样症状为主，多数症状轻微，预后良好，C反应蛋白和血清铁的变化可能对于早期诊断有指导价值，奥司他韦早期抗病毒治疗可以缩短病程。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Beijing. Methods The epidemiological information and clinical characteristics of 400 patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection hospitalized in Beijing 302 Hospital from May to December, 2009 were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive epidemiology. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the results. Results H1N1 virus infection preferentially affected adolescents and young adults. The mean age of the patients was 23 years. A total of 189 (47.0%) of the patients had an identifiable epidemiologic link to another confirmed patient. The most common symptoms were fever (98.8%), cough (85.8%) and sore throat (58.5%). The main physical signs were pharyngeal portion congestion (94.0%) and antiadoncus (49.5%). The number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood was normal or low. The decreased serum iron and elevated C-reaction protein were found in 82.3% and 72.6% of the patients. There was significant difference in the duration of fever and viral shedding from throat swabs among the patients who accept the antiviral medication within the different time. Conclusion H1N1 virus infection preferentially affects adolescents and young adults, and presents with influenza-like illness. The clinical course of H1N1 virus infection is generally mild. The change of C-reaction protein and serum iron may be favorable for the diagnosis of H1N1. Early antiviral treatment may shorten the duration of fever and viral shedding.
目的:观察急性时相反应指数在成人Still病中的变化规律。方法：以32例成人Still病患者为观察组，以50例门诊体检者为对照组，检测其血清铁蛋白和C反应蛋白水平。结果：观察组检测结果在SF、CRP和APRI三项较对照组均有显著的差异（Plt;0.05），其中APRI最为显著（Plt;0.001）。结论：急性时相反应指数在成人Still病的诊断中有较高的应用价值。
目的：本研究通过观察经地塞米松处理前后培养的人小梁细胞的变化,探讨激素性青光眼房水排出阻力增加的机制。方法：将人类小梁细胞培养至接近体内的高分化状态，用地塞米松处理后,观察细胞形态的变化，并检测以下蛋白的分布和表达：(1)myocilin/TIGR蛋白；(2)纤连蛋白；(3)肌动蛋白交联网的形成；(4)血清淀粉样物质A蛋白。结果：人小梁细胞经地塞米松处理后(1)胞体变大，排列不规则，边界模糊，呈“融合”状；(2)细胞内外myocilin/TIGR蛋白表达均明显增加，其胞外表达与纤连蛋白位置一致,提示相互作用；(3)纤连蛋白表达增加；(4)CLANs形成，细胞间连接增强；(5)血清淀粉样物质A蛋白表达增加。结论：人类小梁细胞经地塞米松处理后形态发生变化，可能与应力纤维变化及myocilin蛋白在细胞内积聚有关。细胞间边界不清，与细胞外基质蛋白过度表达、沉积有关。小梁细胞外基质沉积以及异常的细胞间连接等改变与房水排出阻力增加的病理过程有关。
Objective To detect the serum protein fingerprint in gastric cancer patients by using the surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and protein chip array technology, screen biomarker candites, build diagnostic models and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods The serum proteomic patterns were detected in 40 patients with gastric cancer, 20 patients with gastric ulcer and 20 healthy blood donors. The diagnostic models were developed and valited by discriminant analysis. Results The peak intensity of differential expression proteins was not found in healthy blood donors, and 1 case was found in patient with gastric ulcer (m/z: 5 910,4 095). The peak intensity of 5 329, 4 095, 5 910, 8 691 and 3 300 (m/z) proteins were significantly higher in 40 gastric cancer patients than those in 20 gastric ulcer patients and 20 healthy blood donors ( P ＜0.05）. Three differential expression proteins were set up a diagnostic model together to diagnose gastric cancer. The diagnostic model made up of the differential expression proteins of 4 095, 5 910 and 8 691 had a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 97.5% . Conclusion Using SELDI-TOF-MS shows great potential to detect, and screen novel and better biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Objective To prepare the immunonanospheres［SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS］ against human colorectal cancer and evaluate its immunoreactivity and effects on cancer. Methods SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS was prepared by intermolecular cross-linking the monoclonal antibody SC3Ab with human serum albumin nanospheres containing 5-Fu ［HAS(5-Fu)-NS］ via new hetero-bifunctional crosslinker SPDP. Condensation test and immunoflurecence were used to evaluate the immunoreactivity, the specific binding of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS with colorectal cancer cell line SW1116 was observed by microscope and electron microscope. The specific cytotoxic effects on target cells were evaluated in vitro by MTT assay. SC3AbHSA(5-Fu)-NS, HSA(5-Fu)-NS and 5-Fu were injected into nude mice bearing human colorectal carcinoma, to study the inhibitory activity of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS in vivo. Results The immunoreactivity of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS was well preserved. SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS can bind the SW1116 cells specifically. The IC50 value for SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS on SW1116 cells was 24.6 μg/ml,which was lower than that of HSA(5-Fu)-NS(345.3 μg/ml) and 5-Fu(325.6 μg/ml). The inhibitory rate of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS on the growth of colorectal cancer xenografts was significantly higher than that of HSA(5-Fu)-NS or 5-Fu(P＜0.001).Conclusion SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS has immunoreactivity and specific active targeting to the colorectal cancer cells. The anticancer ability of SC3Ab-HSA(5-Fu)-NS is significantly higher than that of HSA(5-Fu)-NS and 5-Fu.
【Abstract】Objective To search for valuable serum tumor markers in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Seven kinds of serum tumor markers including AFP,CEA,CA50, CA15-3,CA19-9,CA72-4 and CA125 were detected in 62 patients with pancreatic carcinoma by Auto DELFIA and IRMA, 16 patients with other gastrointestinal tumors and 16 patients with benign diseases served as control. And 19 patients after pancreatectomy were followed up. Results Among these 7 kinds of tumor markers, CA19-9,CA50 and CA125 were valuable in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. CA19-9 was the most valuable one, whose sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 86.7% respectively. After resection of the tumor, the 3 markers tended to decrease significantly. Conclusion Serum CA19-9,CA50 and CA125 were valuable in diagnosis and following up of pancreatic carcinoma.