目的:探讨难治性鼻出血的临床出血特点及治疗方法。方法:回顾性地分析了2000至2008年我科收治的鼻出血病例中住院时间在8～20 d,鼻出血次数多达6次以上15例临床病例资料,其中男性10例,女性5例(1例系孕妇,妊娠达5月),男女比例2∶1,其中右侧鼻腔出血5例,左侧出血4例,双侧出血6例,最大年龄64岁,最小年龄17岁,出血次数4～10次,平均7次,鼻内镜下止血次数为2～5次,平均3次,全麻5例,局麻10例,双极电凝止血5例,电凝后行金霉素眼膏25 g /支+皮康霜10 g/支混合侵纱条填塞鼻腔5例,明胶海绵+金霉素眼膏25 g /支+皮康霜10 g/支混合侵纱条前鼻腔填塞6例,金霉素眼膏25 g /支+皮康霜10 g/支纱条前鼻腔填塞+鼻后孔填塞4例,双鼻腔出血处止血纱布碎片贴盖1例,行颈外动脉结扎术5例(右侧3例,左侧2例),住院时间为8～20 d,平均住院12 d,其中输血5人,小量多次输血次数为2～3次,平均2次,输血量为300～900 mL，平均400 mL。结果:15例患者中有明确病因3例,无明确病因12例,全部病例经全身和局部等多种方法综合治疗全部治愈,治愈率100%。结论:难治性鼻出血是一种严重危害人体健康的急症,临床特点：(1)难以明确病因,出血频繁、反复无常,出血范围广泛,无明确的固定出血部位。(2) 出血时间长、出血频率高,出血量大,止血次数多,止血方法繁多,止血效果差。(3) 住院时间长,医疗费用高,患者痛苦大、紧张焦虑、情绪不稳定。
Abstract： Objective To explore the approach of clinical diagnosis and treatment strategy for patients with small pulmonary nodules （SPN）≤ 1.0 cm in size on CT. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 39 patients with SPN less than 1.0 cm in size who underwent lung resection at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2005 to June 2011. There were 23 males and 16 females. Their age ranged from 31-74 （51.0±7.4） years. Nine patients had cough and sputum and other patients had no symptom. All the patients were found to have SPN less than 1.0（0.8±0.1）cm in size but not associated with hilum and mediastinal lymphadenectasis in chest CT and X-ray. The results of their sputum cytology and electronic bronchoscope were all negative. All the patients had no histologic evidence and underwent pulmonary function test prior to operation. Eleven patients had positron emission tomography/computer tomography （PET/CT）or single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT）which was all negative. Thirteen patients underwent video-assisted minithoracotomy（VAMT） and 26 patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS）. Results The average operation time was 121.0±48.0 min. Patients after partial lung resection were discharged 4～5 d postoperatively, and patients after lobectomy were discharged 7 d postoperatively. All the patients had no postoperative complications. Twenty one patients were identified as lung malignancy by postoperative pathology, including 9 patients with adenocarcinoma, 7 patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 1 patient with small cell lung carcinoma, and 4 patients with pulmonary metastasis. Eighteen patients had benign lesions including 4 patients with sclerosing hemangioma, 4 patients with inflammatory pseudotumor, 2 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with granuloma, 2 patients with tuberculosis, and 3 patients with pulmonary lymph node hyperplasia. The SPN were located in left upper lobe in 11 patients, left lower lobe in 6 patients, right upper lobe in 14 patients, right middle lobe in 1 patient, and right lower lobe in 7 patients. Conclusion The diagnosis of SPN ≤1.0 cm in size on CT should consider malignance in the first step to avoid treatment delay. Patients may have a 3-month observation period to receive selective antibiotic treatment, chest CT and X-ray review after 2 to 4 weeks. CT- guided hook-wire fixation is useful to help in precise lesion localization for surgical resection. VATS and VAMT are common and effective methods for the diagnosis and treatment for SPN.
Objective To summarize primary clinical data from Xiao Tang Shan Hospital (XTSH) Information System, to provide evidence for clinical data of emerging diseases. Method The primary data were extracted from XTSH information system, which related to demographic and background information, case history, prescriptions, laboratory tests, physical examination, vital sign, surgery, diagnostics and expenditures. The software for data verification was developed by Delphi language program. The information of SARS management was developed by Oracle Developer. Results XTSH information system for SARS management collected 1.09 million pieces of information covering 680 SARS cases. The database was functionally divided into inquiry window, conditional case list window and case details spread window, which provided information of SARS management and shaped a platform for further investigation. Quality control of clinical data was done by the software of SARS Information Real Control.Conclusions XTSH information system collected complete data of SARS management, which made healthcare, research and policy-making on SARS accessible, and made it possible to share resources and train the professionals.
目的:探讨急性创伤性膈疝的诊疗体会。方法:对2000年1月至2008年12月我院收治的22例急性创伤性膈疝的创伤原因、临床表现、辅助检查以及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果:术前确诊20例,术中确诊2例,手术治愈21例,死亡1例,平均住院16～25天。结论:急性创伤性膈疝极易发生绞窄,且容易被合并伤所掩盖,所以早期的诊断和治疗就尤为重要。