【摘要】 目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤的临床特点和救治经验。 方法 回顾性总结2002年1月-2008年12月所诊治重型颅脑损伤96例的临床资料。 结果 96例重型颅脑损伤患者,其中手术治疗59例,非手术治疗37例。按GOS评分,出院时恢复良好33例(34.4%),中残15例(15.6%),重残16例(16.7%),植物生存8例(8.3%),死亡24例(25.0%)。 结论 重型颅脑损伤仍然具有较高的病死率和致残率,早期及时手术清除颅内血肿解除脑疝,早期气管插管或气管切开并呼吸机支持治疗及其它积极恰当的综合治疗措施是抢救治疗成功的关键;后期加强护理注重防治并发症,可以最大可能挽救患者生命。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of severe cranio-cerebral injury and its treatment experience. Methods The clinical data of 96 patients with severe cranio-cerebral injury from January 2002 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 96 patients with cranio-cerebral, 59 had undergone the surgeries and the others had undergone the conservative treatment. According to the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), 33 (34.4%) had a good outcome, 15 (15.6%) had moderate disability, 16 (16.7%) had severe disability, 8 (8.3%) had vegetative persistent and 24 (25.0%) died. Conclusion The mortality and morbidity rate of the patients with severe cranio-cerebral injury are high, we should clean out the intracranial hematoma and relieve cerebral herniation in time, performed early tracheal intubation or tracheotomy with respirator therapy, and other active and appropriate general therapies, and avoid complications via rehabilitation time intensify nursing to rescue the patients.
目的 探讨5例特重型胰腺炎的特点及治疗方法。方法 我院2001年8月至2003年8月共收治特重型胰腺炎患者5例。其中入院后18 h内心跳、呼吸骤停3次的重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)1例,治疗以及时血液滤过和心、肺、脑复苏为重点; SAP并发胰性脑病2例,以大剂量维生素B1的补充,或足量补给浓缩红细胞为治疗重点; 并发多个器官功能障碍的暴发性胰腺炎(FAP)2例,治疗重点是血液滤过和防治多器官功能衰竭的级联放大反应,其中1例以高渗性糖昏迷为主要表现,治疗重点是内稳态的纠正,血液滤过,重要器官功能维护。结果 5例特重型胰腺炎患者均治愈,平均住院时间为32.2 d。结论 器官功能的复苏和维护、外科ICU监护、短时血液滤过、内稳态的纠正、中西药综合治疗及病因、对症的个体化治疗是特重型胰腺炎的重要治疗措施。
Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of standard trauma craniectomy (STC), compared with limited craniectomy (LC) for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) with refractory intracranial hypertension. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials-Central (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2008), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2008), EMbase (1984 to October 2008), CMB-disc (1979 to October 2006) and CNKI (1979 to October 2008) for completed studies, as well as clinical trial registries for ongoing studies and completed studies with unpublished data. The reference of included studies and relevant supplement or conference abstracts were handsearched. The search results were extracted, and then the quality of included studies was assessed using RevMan 5.0. Meta-analysis was conducted if the data was similar enough. Results Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 716 participants were identified. Compared with the LC group, the STC group had statistically significant, more favorable outcome on the basis of the Glasgow Outcome Scale, using measures such as mortality, efficiency, and survival, compared with those of LC group, which had statistic difference. The mean ICP fell more rapidly and to a lower level in the STC group than in the LC group. There was no statistically significant difference on the incidence of postoperative complications, including delayed hematoma, incision cerebrospinal fluid fistula, encephalomyelocele, traumatic epilepsy, and intracranial infection as well. Conclusion The efficacy of STC is superior to LC for severe TBI with refractory intracranial hypertension resulting from unilateral frontotemporoparietal contusion with or without intracerebral or subdural hematoma.
【摘要】 目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤的死亡原因。方法 对2002年1月—2010年1月收治的54例重型颅脑损伤死亡患者,其受伤原因、受伤至入科时间、损伤时间、临床表现、治疗情况等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 原发或继发性颅脑损伤严重、严重的合并伤和术后并发症是死亡的重要因素。结论 重型颅脑损伤患者死亡的原因是多方面的,对此类患者须采取综合救治措施,以降低其死亡率。
目的 探讨二级医院神经内外科整合的可行性及优越性,观察组织化医疗模式的临床效果。 方法 将神经内、外科整合为一个一级临床科室——脑系科,建立完善的多学科一体化治疗的组织化医疗网络体系。入选重型颅脑外伤和脑出血患者共289例,其中2004年8月-2008年12月在脑系科住院的重型颅脑外伤、脑出血患者共147例接受组织化医疗模式治疗,作为治疗组;2001年1月-2004年8月分散在我院内科、外科住院的重型颅脑外伤、脑出血患者共142例接受传统常规治疗,作为对照组。比较观察两组患者的治疗效果。 结果 治疗组神经功能缺损评分、日常生活活动能力评分和GCS分别为7.47±5.24、59.74±15.56和13.72±1.06;对照组分别为16.18±9.89、34.00±10.54和10.84±1.58。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。治疗组与对照组比较,临床治愈率提高55.64%,平均住院日缩短10.34 d,病死率降低21.26%,并发症降低20.15%,致残率降低20.24%。 结论 采用组织化医疗模式能明显改善患者预后,缩短住院时间,提高患者的生活质量,是适合我国基层医院神经内、外科危急重症的治疗模式,具有其可行性及优越性。