Objectives To evaluate the effects of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) intrauterine injection before delivery on interrupting mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on HBIG intrauterine injection on interrupting mother-to-child transmission of HBV published between January 1992 and May 2012 were searched in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, etc. The studies were screened according to inclusive and exclusive criteria, the data were extracted, the quality was assessed by two reviewers independently, and meta-analysis, publication bias and sensitivity analysis was conducted using Stata software. Results The total 42 studies involving 7 212 infants were included. The randomized methods were asserted in all studies, three of which reported the details of randomization, one study mentioned blinded method, two studies mentioned incomplete outcome data, 13 studies had other potential threats to validity, no allocation concealment and selective outcome reporting was mentioned. Results of meta-analysis indicated that the infant HBV infection rates in the HBIG group and the control group were 8.971% and 25.470% (RR=0.359, 95%CI 0.303 to 0.425) at birth, 5.385% and 13.919% (RR=0.391, 95%CI 0.278 to 0.550) after half a year, 5.318% and 12.457% (RR=0.429, 95%CI 0.335 to 0.551) after one year; the infant anti-HBs rates in the HBIG group and the control group were 61.964% and 14.523% (RR=6.712, 95%CI 1.920 to 23.467) at birth, 77.754% and 66.311% (RR=1.209, 95%CI 0.989 to 1.478) after half a year. Funnel graphs showed that there was publication bias. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results except the infant anti-HBs protection after half-a-year follow-up were stable and consistent with the original results. Conclusion Injection of HBIG during pregnancy for HBV-carrying mothers can effectively reduce the occurrence of HBV whenever at birth, after half a year or after one year, and increase the infant anti-HBs protection rate at birth, but it is ineffective to improve anti-HBV protection rate after half a year. Owing to the low quality of the included studies and existence of biases, this conclusion should be cautiously put into clinical practice.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) apps on weight loss.MethodsWeb of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of mHealth APPs on weight loss from inception to October 18, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs involving 1 074 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the apps group was superior to the control group in body weight (MD=−1.88, 95%CI −3.23 to −0.53, P=0.006). There was a decreasing trend of body mass index (BMI) in apps group (MD=−0.55, 95%CI −1.09 to 0.00, P=0.05).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that mHealth app can increase the efficacy of weight loss. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more highquality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of Nordic walking on prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect intervention studies on the efficacy of Nordic walking on prognosis of cardiovascular diseases from inception to June, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 9 studies involving 328 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with control group, there were an obvious decrease in the values of LDL (MD=–11.38, 95%CI –17.51 to –5.25, P=0.000 3), TG (MD=–21.14, 95%CI –32.33 to–9.96, P=0.000 2), SBP (MD=–7.96, 95%CI −11.45 to –4.46, P<0.000 01) and TC, DBP, BMI (P<0.05). However, there were no obvious differences between two groups in HDL. ConclusionsNordic walking can improve the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases, yet the long-term effect is unclear. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more higher quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the safety of different types of COVID-19 vaccines in the population.MethodsWeb of Science, PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which reported safety of COVID-19 vaccines in population. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsA total of 5 RCTs involving 2 431 subjects were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccines developed more fever symptoms than placebo (RR=2.21, 95%CI 1.38 to 3.54, P=0.000 9). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (RR=1.28, 95%CI 0.96 to 1.70, P=0.10), injection site adverse reactions (RR=1.47, 95%CI 0.65 to 3.36, P=0.36) and systemic adverse reactions (RR=0.96, 95%CI 0.78 to 1.17, P=0.66) between two groups.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that COVID-19 vaccines are sufficiently safe. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions.