PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a Parkinson's disease (PD)-related protein, has two isoforms, the mitochondria-localized full-length isoform PINK1FL and the cytoplasm-localized short isoform PINK1-cyto. Studies have suggested that PINK1FL can selectively accumulate at the surface of damaged mitochondria and cooperate with another Parkinson's Disease-related protein PARKIN to trigger the degradation of MIRO1, a mitochondria trafficking regulator. The functions of PINK1-cyto are, however, not yet clear. To investigate the functions of PINK1-cyto, we expressed different proteins in cultured HEK293 cells by transfecting it with different plasmids, and detected the protein levels by Western blot after expressing for 24 h. We found that in cultured HEK293 cells, PINK1-cyto could also cooperate with PARKIN degrade MIRO1 in the presence of CK2β, and the regulatory subunit of Casein Kinase Ⅱ. Interestingly, this function of CK2β was not dependent on CK2α, the catalytic subunit of Casein Kinase II. We also found that CK2β could promote the direct interaction between PINK1-cyto and MIRO1 by immunocoprecipitation analysis. This result suggested that in addition to CK2α, CK2β could also form a kinase complex with PINK1-cyto with important physiological functions.
The aim of this study is to determine the regulatory mechanism of PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 short isoform (PINK1S) in cytoplasm. By co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, we identified that PINK1S interacted with the beta regulatory subunit of Casein Kinase 2 (CK2β), but not with the catalytic subunits CK2α1 and CK2α2. Furthermore, cells were transfected with PINK1S and CK2β, and then PINK1S was purified by immunoprecipitation. After detecting the phosphorylated proteins by Phos-tagTM Biotin, we found that CK2β overexpression increased auto-phosphorylation of PINK1S. Finally, we generated CK2β knockdown cell lines by RNA interference. Purified PINK1S from CK2β knockdown cells significantly reduced its auto-phosphorylation compared with control cells. These results suggested that CK2β functions as a regulatory subunit of PINK1S kinase complex promoted its activation by self-phosphorylation.