Tuberculosis risk prediction and drug intervention for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) patients plays an important role in achieving the goal of eliminating tuberculosis. At present, the diagnostic methods of LTBI still have some defects and cannot predict the risk of LTBI progression to active tuberculosis. In this paper, studies of LTBI advancing into tuberculosis in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics have been comprehensively summarized, and the further development of markers for risk prediction is prospected.