ObjectiveTo summarize the recent research progress of circRNA in gastric cancer, and to explore the clinical value of circRNA as new therapeutic target and diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.MethodThe studies on circRNA and related literatures in gastric cancer were reviewed.ResultsAs a new member of the non-coding RNA family, circRNA played a key role in regulating the proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and therapeutic resistance of gastric cancer cells. At the same time, based on the stability and tissue-specific characteristics, circRNA possessed great potential as biomarker for early diagnosis or prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer.ConclusionscircRNA plays an important role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. As a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a new therapeutic target for gastric cancer, circRNA has great potential for clinical transformation.
Objective To explore the role of cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin B2 (CCNB2) and cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using bioinformatic data. Methods First, RNA expression data were downloaded from two datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and DESeq2 software was used to identify deferentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequent analyses were conducted based on the results of these DEGs: protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with STRING database; the modules in PPI network were analyzed by Molecular Complex Detection software, and the most significant modules were selected, the genes included in these modules were the hub genes; high-throughput RNA sequencing data from other databases were used to verify the expression of these hub genes to confirm whether they were DEGs; survival curve analyses of the confirmed DEGs were conducted to select genes that had significant influence on the survival of LUAD; the expression of these hub genes in different stages of LUAD were also analyzed. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed for these selected hub genes using KOBAS database. MuTarget tool was used to analyze the correlations between the expression of these selected hub genes and gene mutation status in LUAD. The potential value of these hub genes in the treatment of LUAD was explored based on the drug information in GDSC database. Finally, immunohistochemical data from Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database were used to verify the expression of these hub genes in LUAD again. Results According to the expression data in GEO, 594 up-regulated genes and 651 down-regulated genes were identified (P<0.05), among which 30 hub genes were selected for subsequent analyses. The RNA high-throughput sequencing data of other databases verified that 18 genes were DEGs, among which 8 hub genes had significant impact on disease-free survival in LUAD (P<0.05). Moreover, the 8 genes were differentially expressed in different stages of LUAD, which were higher in the middle and late stage of LUAD. Among the 8 genes. CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDK1 were significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway. The expression of CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDK1 in LUAD was closely related to the TP53 mutation status. In addition, CDK1 was associated with four drugs, revealing the potential value of CDK1 in the treatment of LUAD. Finally, immunohistochemical data from HPA database verified that CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDK1 were highly expressed in LUAD in the protein level. Conclusion Overexpression of CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDK1 are associated with poor prognosis of LUAD, indicating that the three genes may be prognostic biomarkers of LUAD and CDK1 is a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
Transcription factor p63 originates from p53 protein family and is encoded by TP63 gene. TP63 gene contains two different promoters encoding two proteins, TAp63 and ΔNp63, which can be cleaved to produce p63α, p63β, p63δ and some other subtypes. ΔNp63α is one of the promoters of TP63 gene and acts as a core regulatory factor to regulate gene expression at epigenetic and transcriptional levels. Recent research shows that ΔNp63α abnormal expression can lead to the occurrence of various malignant tumors and reduce the sensitivity of malignant tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, ΔNp63α can be used as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for malignant tumors. This article reviews the latest research progress of ΔNp63α in the mechanism and drug resistance in malignant tumors.
The human gut microbiota regulates many host pathophysiological processes including metabolic, inflammatory, immune and cellular responses. In recent years, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer have increased rapidly, which is one of the biggest challenges in the field of cancer treatment today, especially in non-small cell lung cancer. Animal models and clinical studies have found that the gut microbiota of non-small cell lung cancer patients is significantly changed compared with the healthy people. The gut microbiota and metabolites can not only play a pro-cancer or tumor suppressor role by regulating immune, inflammatory responses and so on, but also be related with radiotherapy and chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer and the resistance of immunotherapy. Therefore, gut microbiota and related metabolites can be both potential markers for early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and novel therapeutic targets for targeted drugs. This study will review the latest research progress of effect of gut microbiota on non-small cell lung cancer, and provide a new diagnosis and treatment ideas for non-small cell lung cancer.