To investigate the processes of retinal vascular development of human fe- tus. METHODS:Eighty-six specimens of retinas of human fetus from 13th to 38th gestational week were studied by immunohistochemieal method(ABC). RESULTS:The spindle cells of mensenchymal origin was firstly found to migrate into the retina from optic disc at 12--13 weeks ,and spreaded subsequently toward the periphery of the retina. At the same time ,the consequential processes of differentiation,proliferation,canalilization and remodelling developed into vascular plexus in ganglion cell layer (GCL). Vascular buds formed in GCL in 26th gestational week extended toward nerve fiber layer (NFL)and inner nuclear layer(INL)and developed into capillary plexuses in NFL and inner and outer margin of INL respectively. CONCLUSIONS.. Four vascular layers could be distinguished in the ratina of full term fetuses,and these layers were formed through two principal developmental processes. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 88- 90）
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the location of transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap perforators on abdomen skin and the peak systolic flow velocities of the perforators. METHODS: A series of 94 consecutive patient’s TRAM flap perforators were detected by color-flow duplex Doppler scanning peroperatively. Perforator locations were tabulated on the abdomen skin according to their vertical position relative to the umbilicus and their lateral location relative to the abdominal midline. RESULTS: The perforators on both left and right side of TRAM flap were quite not symmetry. The peri-umbilical region contained 81.1% of the perforators. All perforators were detected with peak systolic flow velocities ranging from 5 to 81 cm/s. CONCLUSION: The preoperative color-flow Doppler localization of TRAM flap perforators improves the surgeon’s ability to design the flap in order to capture the dominant vessels, and select single- or double-pedicle and free TRAM flaps based on each patient’s individual characteristics.
Since Oct. 1990, the 2nd metatarso-phalangeal joint and big-toe nail composite graft with the neuro-vascular bundle was transplanted to reconstruct the thumb in 4 cases. The transplants were all survived. The follow-up through 5 months, a comparatively good function and appearance were achieved.The applied anatomy, the surgical technique and the matters needing attention were detailed.
Objective To investigate the application of arm medial fascio-cutaneous flap pedicled with cutaneous nerve and nutrient vessel. Methods From February 1999 to December 2004, 18 cases of skin and soft tissue defect in axillary region, elbow and forearm were treated with arm medial fascio-cutaneous flap pedicled with cutaneous nerve and nutrient vessel. Arm medial fascio-cutaneous flap was directly transferred in 3 cases, adversely transferred in 15 cases. The flap area was 4.5 cm×8.5 cm. Results Vein circulation crisis was observed in 3 cases. Of the3 cases, 1 was necrosis and the other 2 by decompressing small vein were saved.The rest 15 cases survived.The period of follow-up was 3 to 30 months. Flap was satisfactory in appearance and function. Conclusion Arm medial fascio-cutaneous flap pedicled withcutaneous nerve and nutrient vessels can be directly or adversely transferred to repair adjacent soft tissue defect.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of electrothrombosis by copper needle, in order to supply the referential data for clinical treatment of vessel deformity. METHODS The mechanism and condition of thrombus formation by copper needle were studied in vivo and in vitro using electrophysics, atom absorption spectrophtometry, histological, and histochemical methods. RESULTS Great deal of copper ion was dissociated, and agglutination of red blood cells(RBC) in blood could be observed in vitro after the current applied by copper needles. Formation of stable thrombus was related to voltage and time of application of electric current. CONCLUSION Dissociation of copper ion and agglutination of RBC are the basic principle of electrothrombosis with copper needle. A 4V direct current and 17.5 minutes are the safe and effective conditions for thrombus formation in the blood vessels.
rom Aug.1965 to Dec. 1992,29 patients suffered from the peudoaneurysms were treatedwlth 4 different methods. They were:1.ligating the vessels;2. repairing the defected area in thearterial watl: 3, anastomosing the vessels after the peudoaneurysms being removed; 4, repoiring thearteries with vessel grafts after the resection of the poudoaneurysm or by-passing operation. Of the 4different methed, the method 3 and 4 gave the best results. It was thought that the operation should bep...
Objective To establish a scaffold model from heterogeneoussmall blood vessels. Methods Caudal arteries from 34 Wistar rats( average length 12.08±1.69 cm) were made into acellular blood vessel scaffolds. Some scaffoldswere observed by electron microscope, and others were transplanted to the cut ends of ear central arteries of male Japanese big ear white rabbits. Results Average external diameter was 0.74±0.08 mm in proximal, and 0.55±0.08 mm in distal end of rat caudal arteries. The small blood vessel scaffolds had shin wall whichwas white and soft, composed of fibrous tissues without cells. On the intima surface the fibrous tissues were arrayed densely in a grid-like pattern. After transplantation, the blood flow was reserved, and kept flowing freely in 24 hours. The pulsation of the transplanted artery was accessible and no blood leakage wasfound.Conclusion The natural scaffolds are composed of fibrous tissues, and can sustain the artery pulse pressure for 24 hours. It is better to suture the blood vessels by sleeve anastomosis.
There were several methods, such as free single and folded fibulae autograft, composed tissue autograft, however, it is still very difficult to repair long segment bone defect. In December 1995, we used free juxtaposed bilateral fibulae autograft to repair an 8 cm of femoral bone defect in a 4 years old child in success. The key procedure is to strip a portion of the neighboring periosteal sleeve of juxtaposed fibulae to make bare of the opposite sides of the bone shafts, suture the opposite periosteal sleeves, keep the nutrient arteries, and reconstruct the blood circulation of both fibular by anastomosis of the distal ends of one fibular artery and vein to the proximal ends of the other fibular artery and vein, and anastomosis of the proximal ends of the fibular artery and vein to lateral circumflex artery and vein. After 22 months follow up, the two shafts of juxtaposed fibulae fused into one new bone shaft. The diameter of the new bone shaft was nearly the same as the diameter of the femur. There was only one medullary cavity, and it connected to the medullary cavity of femur. This method also cold be used to repair other long segment bone defect.
This paper reported the use of superficial temporal vessels pedicled postauricular island flap for the reconstruction of eye socket. Six cases were treated by this method since 1988 with universal satisfactory results. The disign of the flap was diseribed. The operative procedure was detailed, and the advantages of the flap were evaluated: 1. The donor defect was hidden behind the ear; 2. The flap has a relatively long pedicle, hence easy for distant transfer, and 3. the blood supply was highly reliable.
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) encompasses a group of progressive disorders involving the small vessels of the brain with complex etiologies. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in both the onset and progression of CSVD. In age-related CSVD, chronic inflammation can exacerbate brain tissue damage by impairing endothelial function and disrupting the blood-brain barrier. In contrast, in inflammatory CSVD subtypes driven primarily by immune dysregulation, inflammation itself constitutes the core pathogenic mechanism. These subtypes present with diverse clinical manifestations, posing significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment. A deeper understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in CSVD and the unresolved issues in this field may provide new avenues for personalized interventions and improved prognosis.