Microwave sensor for recognition of abnormal nodule tissue on body surface_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

LI Chunxue ,  GUO Hongfu , ZHOU Chen , WANG Xinran , BAI Junkai

School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

GUO Hongfu, Email: hfguo@xidian.edu.cn

Keywords：

Microwave sensor; S21 parameters; Body surface; Abnormal nodule

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202209014

Video：

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For the detection and identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface, a microwave sensor structure loaded with a spiral resonator is proposed in this paper, a sensor simulation model is established using HFSS software, the structural parameters are optimized, and the actual sensor is fabricated. The S21 parameters of the tissue were obtained when nodules appeared by simulation, and the characteristic relationship between the difference of S21 parameters with position was analyzed and tested experimentally. The results showed that when nodules were present in normal tissues, the curve of S21 parameter difference with position change had obvious inverted bimodal characteristics, and the extreme value of S21 parameter difference appeared when the sensor was directly above the nodules, which was easy to identify the position of nodules. It provides an objective detection tool for the identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface.

Citation： LI Chunxue, GUO Hongfu, ZHOU Chen, WANG Xinran, BAI Junkai. Microwave sensor for recognition of abnormal nodule tissue on body surface. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(1): 149-154. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202209014 Copy

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17.	Katbay Z, Sadek S, Le Roy M, et al. From narrow-band to ultra-wide-band microwave sensors in direct skin contact for breast cancer detection. Analog Integr Circ S, 2018, 96: 221-234.
18.	Bai Junkai, Guo Hongfu, Li Hua, et al. Flexible microwave biosensor for skin abnormality detection based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons. Micromachines, 2021, 12(12): 1550.
19.	Gao Y, Zoughi R. Millimeter wave reflectometry and imaging for noninvasive diagnosis of skin burn injuries. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 2017, 66(1): 77-84.
20.	Mirbeik-Sabzevari A, Ashinoff R, Tavassolian N. Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave dielectric characteristics of freshly-excised normal and malignant human skin tissues. IEEE T Bio Eng, 2018, 65(6): 1320-1329.
21.	Töpfer F, Emtestam L, Oberhammer J. Long-term monitoring of skin recovery by micromachined microwave near-field probe. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 2017, 27(6): 605-607.
22.	Kilpijärvi J, Tolvanen J, Juuti J, et al. A non-invasive method for hydration status measurement with a microwave sensor using skin phantoms. IEEE Sens J, 2020, 20(2): 1095-1104.
23.	张宝. 基于表面等离子体激元的微波/毫米波生物传感器. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2018.
24.	Wang Xinran, Guo Hongfu, Zhou Chen, et al. High-resolution probe design for measuring the dielectric properties of human tissues. Biomed Eng Online, 2021, 20(1): 86.
25.	王海杨. 猪体阻抗模型构建及触电实验验证. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2020.

1. Yilmaz T, Kilic M A, Erdogan M, et al. Machine learning aided diagnosis of hepatic malignancies through in vivo dielectric measurements with microwaves. Phys Med Biol, 2016, 61(13): 5089-5102.
2. Geddes L A, Baker L E. The specific resistance of biological material—A compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist. Med Biol Eng, 1967, 5(3): 271-293.
3. Stuchly M A, Stuchly S S. Dielectric properties of biological substances — tabulated. J Micro Power, 1980, 15(1): 19-25.
4. La Gioia A, Porter E, Merunka I, et al. Open-ended coaxial probe technique for dielectric measurement of biological tissues: challenges and common practices. Diagnostics (Basel), 2018, 8(2): 40.
5. Burdette E C, Cain F L, Seals J. In vivo probe measurement technique for determining dielectric properties at VHF through microwave frequencies. IEEE T Micro Theory, 2003, 28(4): 414-427.
6. Langhe P D, Blomme K. Measurement of low-permittivity materials based on a spectral-domain analysis for the open-ended coaxial probe. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 1993, 42(5): 879-886.
7. Blackham D V, Pollard R D. An improved technique for permittivity measurements using a coaxial probe. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 1997, 46(5): 1093-1099.
8. Kaatze U, Feldman Y. Broadband dielectric spectrometry of liquids and biosystems. Meas Sci Technol, 2006, 17(2): 17.
9. 张亮. 射频段生物组织介电特性检测方法与参数模型研究. 长沙: 国防科学技术大学, 2015.
10. 刘洪兴, 程妍妍, 张萌, 等. 2450 MHz下生物组织介电特性的温度依赖性实验. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(4): 703-708.
11. 王亦方, 胡斌杰, 崔芙蓉, 等. 用于人体皮下肿瘤探测的优化喇叭探头. 电波科学学报, 2000(2): 208-212.
12. .McLaughlin B L, Robertson P A. Miniature open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric spectroscopy applications. J Phys D, 2007, 40(1): 45-53.
13. 李颖. 基于组织系数的生物组织电特性分析方法研究. 医疗卫生装备, 2022, 43(5): 8-13.
14. Popovic D, McCartney L, Beasley C, et al. Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies. IEEE T Microw Theory, 2005, 53(5): 1713-1722.
15. O’Rourke A P, Lazebnik M, Bertram J M, et al. Dielectric properties of human normal, malignant and cirrhotic liver tissue: in vivo and ex vivo measurements from 0.5 to 20 GHz using a precision open-ended coaxial probe. Phys Med Biol, 2007, 52(15): 4707-4719.
16. Lazebnik M, Okoniewski M, Booske J H, et al. Highly accurate debye models for normal and malignant breast tissue dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 2007, 17(12): 822-824.
17. Katbay Z, Sadek S, Le Roy M, et al. From narrow-band to ultra-wide-band microwave sensors in direct skin contact for breast cancer detection. Analog Integr Circ S, 2018, 96: 221-234.
18. Bai Junkai, Guo Hongfu, Li Hua, et al. Flexible microwave biosensor for skin abnormality detection based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons. Micromachines, 2021, 12(12): 1550.
19. Gao Y, Zoughi R. Millimeter wave reflectometry and imaging for noninvasive diagnosis of skin burn injuries. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 2017, 66(1): 77-84.
20. Mirbeik-Sabzevari A, Ashinoff R, Tavassolian N. Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave dielectric characteristics of freshly-excised normal and malignant human skin tissues. IEEE T Bio Eng, 2018, 65(6): 1320-1329.
21. Töpfer F, Emtestam L, Oberhammer J. Long-term monitoring of skin recovery by micromachined microwave near-field probe. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 2017, 27(6): 605-607.
22. Kilpijärvi J, Tolvanen J, Juuti J, et al. A non-invasive method for hydration status measurement with a microwave sensor using skin phantoms. IEEE Sens J, 2020, 20(2): 1095-1104.
23. 张宝. 基于表面等离子体激元的微波/毫米波生物传感器. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2018.
24. Wang Xinran, Guo Hongfu, Zhou Chen, et al. High-resolution probe design for measuring the dielectric properties of human tissues. Biomed Eng Online, 2021, 20(1): 86.
25. 王海杨. 猪体阻抗模型构建及触电实验验证. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2020.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Microwave sensor for recognition of abnormal nodule tissue on body surface

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