Study on antibacterial properties of titanium metallic surface due to synergistic action of micro/nano-structure and antimicrobial peptides_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

HE Hongyan ^1,2 , GAO Pengyang ¹ , QIAO Zhongqian ¹ , QU Xue ¹ ,  LIU Changsheng ^1,2

1. Medical Biomaterials Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Changsheng, Email: liucs@ecust.edu.cn

Keywords：

Titanium; micro/nano-structure; antibacterial peptides; antibacterial property; implant material

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201805022

Video：

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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of micro/nano-structure and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on antibacterial properties of titanium (Ti) metallic surface.MethodsTi disks were treated via sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) and alkali-heat treatment (AHT) to build the micro/nano-structure, on which AMPs were spin-coated with a certain amount (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 μg). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to observe the surface structure and characterize the surface elements (i.e. contents of C, N, O, and Ti). Ti disks loaded with AMPs of difference amounts were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for 24 hours. After that, the formation and dimension of antibacterial circle were measured. Furthermore, the Ti disks treated with different approaches (untreated, SLA treatment, SLA+THA treatment, and 90 μg AMPs-loaded samples) were co-cultured with S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E.coli) for 3 hours, bacterial adhesion on the disks were evaluated by using SEM. The antibacterial performances in solution were quantitatively evaluated by immersing the Ti disks in bacterial solutions and measuring the absorbance (A) values.ResultsIt was found that the nanoporous structure could be easily constructed by SLA+AHT approach. After spin-coating AMPs, the nanopores with the diameter less than 200 nm were almost covered. According to the element analysis, with the increase of AMPs, the C content gradually increased; the N content was not detected until AMPs amount reached 70 μg on the disks. The diameter of antibacterial circle clearly depended on the AMPs amount. The Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs had significantly larger antibacterial circles than the other Ti disks (P<0.05). Based on the SEM observation, the Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs has the least bacterial attachment compared with the other Ti disks (P<0.05). TheA value of bacterial solution immersed with the Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs was much lower than the other Ti disks (P<0.05).ConclusionThe approach of micro/nano-structure and AMPs can improve the antibacterial properties of Ti metallic surface.

Citation： HE Hongyan, GAO Pengyang, QIAO Zhongqian, QU Xue, LIU Changsheng. Study on antibacterial properties of titanium metallic surface due to synergistic action of micro/nano-structure and antimicrobial peptides. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018, 32(9): 1116-1122. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201805022 Copy

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12.	Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Chen AF. The impact of incorporating antimicrobials into implant surfaces. J Dent Res, 2018, 97(1): 14-22.
13.	Raj RM, Priya P, Raj V. Gentamicin-loaded ceramic-biopolymer dual layer coatings on the Ti with improved bioactive and corrosion resistance properties for orthopedic applications. J Mech Behav Biome, 2018, 82: 299-309.
14.	Xiang Y, Liu X, Mao C, et al. Infection-prevention on Ti implants by controlled drug release from folic acid/ZnO quantum dots sealed titania nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng C, 2018, 85: 214-224.
15.	Dos Santos CA, Seckler MM, Ingle AP, et al. Silver nanoparticles: therapeutical uses, toxicity, and safety issues. J Pharm Sci, 2014, 103(7): 1931-1944.
16.	Chakraborty S, Liu R, Hayouka Z, et al. Ternary nylon-3 copolymers as host-defense peptide mimics: beyond hydrophobic and cationic subunits. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136(41): 14530-14535.
17.	Liu R, Chen X, Falk SP, et al. Structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers: materials active against drug-resistant strains of candida albicans. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136(11): 4333-4342.
18.	Geng H, Yuan Y, Adayi A, et al. Engineered chimeric peptides with antimicrobial and titanium-binding functions to inhibit biofilm formation on Ti implants. Mater Sci Eng C, 2018, 82: 141-154.
19.	Shi J, Liu Y, Wang Y, et al. Biological and immunotoxicity evaluation of antimicrobial peptide-loaded coatings using a layer-by-layer process on titanium. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 16336.
20.	He Y, Zhang Y, Shen X, et al. The fabrication and in vitro properties of antibacterial polydopamine-LL-37-POPC coatings on micro-arc oxidized titanium. Colloid Surf B, 2018, 170: 54-63.
21.	Qian Y, Qi F, Chen Q, et al. Surface modified with a host defense peptide-mimicking β-peptide polymer kills bacteria on contact with high efficacy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(18): 15395-15400.
22.	Qin J, He H, Zhang W, et al. Effective incorporation of rhBMP-2 on implantable titanium disks with microstructures by using electrostatic spraying deposition. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(57): 51914-51923.
23.	Trino LD, Dias LFG, Albano LGS, et al. Zinc oxide surface functionalization and related effects on corrosion resistance of titanium implants. Ceram Int, 2018, 44(4): 4000-4008.
24.	Dou X, Zhang D, Feng C, et al. Bioinspired hierarchical surface structures with tunable wettability for regulating bacteria adhesion. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(11): 10664-10672.

1. Bai Y, Zhou R, Cao J, et al. Microarc oxidation coating covered Ti implants with micro-scale gouges formed by a multi-step treatment for improving osseointegration. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017, 76: 908-917.
2. Prakash C, Uddin MS. Surface modification of β-phase Ti implant by hydroaxyapatite mixed electric discharge machining to enhance the corrosion resistance and in-vitro bioactivity. Surf Coat Tech, 2017, 326: 134-145.
3. Murphy M, Walczak MS, Thomas AG, et al. Toward optimizing dental implant performance: Surface characterization of Ti and TiZr implant materials. Dent Mater, 2017, 33: 43-53.
4. Adesanya O, Sprowson A, Masters J, et al. Review of the role of dynamic 18F-NaF PET in diagnosing and distinguishing between septic and aseptic loosening in hip prosthesis. J Orthop Surg Res, 2015, 10(1): 1-5.
5. Trtica M, Stasic J, Batani D, et al. Laser-assisted surface modification of Ti-implant in air and water environment. Appl Surf Sci, 2018, 428: 669-675.
6. Pantaroto HN, Ricomini-Filho AP, Bertolini M, et al. Antibacterial photocatalytic activity of different crystalline TiO₂ phases in oral multispecies biofilm. Dent Mater, 2018, 34(7): e182-e195.
7. Skovdal SM, Jørgensen NP, Petersen E, et al. Ultra-dense polymer brush coating reduces Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms on medical implants and improves antibiotic treatment outcome. Acta Biomater, 2018, 76: 46-55.
8. Schneider S, Rudolph M, Bause V, et al. Electrochemical removal of biofilms from titanium dental implant surfaces. Bioelectro chemistry, 2018, 121: 84-94.
9. Kim S, Park C, Cheon KH, et al. Antibacterial and bioactive properties of stabilized silver on titanium with a nanostructured surface for dental applications. Appl Surf Sci, 2018, 451: 232-240.
10. Weng Y, Liu H, Ji S, et al. A promising orthopedic implant material with enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial activity: Al₂O₃-coated aluminum alloy. Appl Surf Sci, 2018, 457: 1025-1034.
11. Diaz-Gomez L, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Functionalization of titanium implants with phase-transited lysozyme for gentle immobilization of antimicrobial lysozyme. Appl Surf Sci, 2018, 452: 32-42.
12. Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Chen AF. The impact of incorporating antimicrobials into implant surfaces. J Dent Res, 2018, 97(1): 14-22.
13. Raj RM, Priya P, Raj V. Gentamicin-loaded ceramic-biopolymer dual layer coatings on the Ti with improved bioactive and corrosion resistance properties for orthopedic applications. J Mech Behav Biome, 2018, 82: 299-309.
14. Xiang Y, Liu X, Mao C, et al. Infection-prevention on Ti implants by controlled drug release from folic acid/ZnO quantum dots sealed titania nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng C, 2018, 85: 214-224.
15. Dos Santos CA, Seckler MM, Ingle AP, et al. Silver nanoparticles: therapeutical uses, toxicity, and safety issues. J Pharm Sci, 2014, 103(7): 1931-1944.
16. Chakraborty S, Liu R, Hayouka Z, et al. Ternary nylon-3 copolymers as host-defense peptide mimics: beyond hydrophobic and cationic subunits. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136(41): 14530-14535.
17. Liu R, Chen X, Falk SP, et al. Structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers: materials active against drug-resistant strains of candida albicans. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136(11): 4333-4342.
18. Geng H, Yuan Y, Adayi A, et al. Engineered chimeric peptides with antimicrobial and titanium-binding functions to inhibit biofilm formation on Ti implants. Mater Sci Eng C, 2018, 82: 141-154.
19. Shi J, Liu Y, Wang Y, et al. Biological and immunotoxicity evaluation of antimicrobial peptide-loaded coatings using a layer-by-layer process on titanium. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 16336.
20. He Y, Zhang Y, Shen X, et al. The fabrication and in vitro properties of antibacterial polydopamine-LL-37-POPC coatings on micro-arc oxidized titanium. Colloid Surf B, 2018, 170: 54-63.
21. Qian Y, Qi F, Chen Q, et al. Surface modified with a host defense peptide-mimicking β-peptide polymer kills bacteria on contact with high efficacy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(18): 15395-15400.
22. Qin J, He H, Zhang W, et al. Effective incorporation of rhBMP-2 on implantable titanium disks with microstructures by using electrostatic spraying deposition. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(57): 51914-51923.
23. Trino LD, Dias LFG, Albano LGS, et al. Zinc oxide surface functionalization and related effects on corrosion resistance of titanium implants. Ceram Int, 2018, 44(4): 4000-4008.
24. Dou X, Zhang D, Feng C, et al. Bioinspired hierarchical surface structures with tunable wettability for regulating bacteria adhesion. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(11): 10664-10672.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Study on antibacterial properties of titanium metallic surface due to synergistic action of micro/nano-structure and antimicrobial peptides

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