Autologous fat grafting for perioral and lower face rejuvenation_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

MA Xuan ,  LI Facheng

The 2nd Department of Body Coutouring and Fat Grafting, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LI Facheng, Email: drlfc@sina.com

Keywords：

Fat grafting; perioral; lower face; face rejuvenation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202207044

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the research progress of the application of autologous fat grafting in perioral and lower face rejuvenation. Methods By extensively reviewing related articles and combining the clinical experiences, the anatomic features (fat compartments and blood supply), aging features of the perioral and lower face, and the application advancement and related complications of autologous fat grafting in this area were generally summarized. Results The aesthetic features of perioral and lower face include the lip, chin, and so on, and the anatomic structures relating autologous fat grafting include the mandibular fat compartments, chin fat compartments, and other fat compartments. Meanwhile, the facial artery passes through this area and spreads out several important branches. The aging features of perioral and lower face include the depening of nasolabial fold, the aging lip, perioral wrinkles, “marionette lines”, and so on. Autologous fat grafting can improve perioral and lower face rejuvenation by restoring volume loss of facial fat compartments, correcting aging malformation, and improving skin quality. But there are neurovascular injuries, facial aesthetic problems, and other related complications. Conclusion Autologous fat grafting can be applied in perioral and lower face rejuvenation, and it can effectively improve related aging features. There are several aspects developing aggressively, including the research of facial asthetics features of Chinese people, combining autologous fat grafting with surgery as well as other methods to comprehensively treat facial aging, and the application of fat tissue related derivatives in perioral and lower face rejuvenation. However, the resorption rate of facial grafted fat tissue is still too high, and the long-term effectiveness can not be assured. In the future, the solutions related to improving the survival rate of grafted fat tissue need to be explored in the future.

Citation： MA Xuan, LI Facheng. Autologous fat grafting for perioral and lower face rejuvenation. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2022, 36(12): 1542-1548. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202207044 Copy

1.	Marten T, Elyassnia D. Facial fat grafting: Why, where, how, and how much. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2018, 42(5): 1278-1297.
2.	Donofrio LM. Fat distribution: a morphologic study of the aging face. Dermatol Surg, 2000, 26(12): 1107-1112.
3.	Reece EM, Pessa JE, Rohrich RJ. The mandibular septum: anatomical observations of the jowls in aging-implications for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2008, 121(4): 1414-1420.
4.	Surowiecka A, Strużyna J. Adipose-derived stem cells for facial rejuvenation. J Pers Med, 2022, 12(1): 117. doi: 10.3390/jpm12010117.
5.	Fedok FG. The rejuvenation of the aged central lower face: A contemporary perspective. Facial Plast Surg, 2019, 35(2): 121-128.
6.	Morera Serna E, Serna Benbassat M, Terré Falcón R, et al. Anatomy and aging of the perioral region. Facial Plast Surg, 2021, 37(2): 176-193.
7.	Cotofana S, Lachman N. Anatomy of the facial fat compartments and their relevance in aesthetic surgery. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2019, 17(4): 399-413.
8.	Stefura T, Kacprzyk A, Droś J, et al. Tissue fillers for the nasolabial fold area: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2021, 45(5): 2300-2316.
9.	郭一璇, 文丽红, 陈日娴, 等. 下面部老化中相关脂肪室的研究进展及临床应用. 中华整形外科杂志, 2021, 37(11): 1290-1295.
10.	Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The anatomy and clinical implications of perioral submuscular fat. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2009, 124(1): 266-271.
11.	Surek CC. Facial anatomy for filler injection: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is not just for facelifting. Clin Plast Surg, 2019, 46(4): 603-612.
12.	Lee JG, Yang HM, Choi YJ, et al. Facial arterial depth and relationship with the facial musculature layer. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2015, 135(2): 437-444.
13.	Gelezhe P, Gombolevskiy V, Morozov S, et al. Three-dimensional description of the angular artery in the nasolabial fold. Aesthet Surg J, 2021, 41(6): 697-704.
14.	Pilsl U, Anderhuber F. The external nose: The nasal arteries and their course in relation to the nasolabial fold and groove. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2016, 138(5): 830e-835e.
15.	Tansatit T, Apinuntrum P, Phetudom T. Cadaveric assessment of lip injections: Locating the serious threats. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2017, 41(2): 430-440.
16.	Tansatit T, Apinuntrum P, Phetudom T. A typical pattern of the labial arteries with implication for lip augmentation with injectable fillers. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2014, 38(6): 1083-1089.
17.	Cotofana S, Pretterklieber B, Lucius R, et al. Distribution pattern of the superior and inferior labial arteries: Impact for safe upper and lower lip augmentation procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2017, 139(5): 1075-1082.
18.	Ko AC, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO. The aging face. Surv Ophthalmol, 2017, 62(2): 190-202.
19.	Sandulescu T, Franzmann M, Jast J, et al. Facial fold and crease development: A new morphological approach and classification. Clin Anat, 2019, 32(4): 573-584.
20.	Mendelson B, Wong CH. Changes in the facial skeleton with aging: Implications and clinical applications in facial rejuvenation. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2020, 44(4): 1151-1158.
21.	Ding A. The ideal lips: Lessons learnt from the literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2021, 45(4): 1520-1530.
22.	Popenko NA, Tripathi PB, Devcic Z, et al. A quantitative approach to determining the ideal female lip aesthetic and its effect on facial attractiveness. JAMA Facial Plast Surg, 2017, 19(4): 261-267.
23.	Heidekrueger PI, Juran S, Szpalski C, et al. The current preferred female lip ratio. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2017, 45(5): 655-660.
24.	Baudoin J, Meuli JN, di Summa PG, et al. A comprehensive guide to upper lip aesthetic rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2019, 18(2): 444-450.
25.	Spiegel JH, Spiegel OL. Lip lifting: Not just fullness—Everything you need to know about lifting and creating youthful, beautiful lips. Facial Plast Surg, 2019, 35(2): 129-133.
26.	Sito G, Consolini L, Trévidic P. Proposed guide to lip treatment in caucasian women using objective and measurable parameters. Aesthet Surg J, 2019, 39(12): NP474-NP483.
27.	Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, et al. The facial aging process from the “inside out”. Aesthet Surg J, 2021, 41(10): 1107-1119.
28.	van de Lande LS, Eyck BM, Mooij JJ, et al. The rainbow scale for the assessment of the cervicomental angle: A validated scale. Aesthet Surg J, 2020, 40(9): 931-937.
29.	Fedok FG, Mittelman H. Augmenting the prejowl: Deciding between fat, fillers, and implants. Facial Plast Surg, 2016, 32(5): 513-519.
30.	Shaw RB, Katzel EB, Koltz PF, et al. Aging of the mandible and its aesthetic implications. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2010, 125(1): 332-342.
31.	Braz A, Humphrey S, Weinkle S, et al. Lower face: Clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2015, 136(5 Suppl): 235S-257S.
32.	Galanin I, Nicu C, Tower JI. Facial fat fitness: A new paradigm to understand facial aging and aesthetics. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2021, 45(1): 151-163.
33.	Marten TJ, Elyassnia D. Fat grafting in facial rejuvenation. Clin Plast Surg, 2015, 42(2): 219-252.
34.	Yang Z, Li M, Jin S, et al. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation in Asians. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 43-51.
35.	Xie Y, Huang RL, Wang W, et al. Fat grafting for facial contouring (Temporal region and midface). Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 81-89.
36.	何玉, 韩雪峰, 蔡磊, 等. 不同大小脂肪颗粒移植在面部年轻化及轮廓重塑中的临床应用. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2021, 32(2): 72-76.
37.	Schultz KP, Raghuram A, Davis MJ, et al. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation. Semin Plast Surg, 2020, 34(1): 30-37.
38.	Xiong S, Yi C, Pu LLQ. An overview of principles and new techniques for facial fat grafting. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 7-17.
39.	ALY A. Centrofacial Rejuvenation. Volume Ⅲ. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2019, 143(5): 1543-1544.
40.	Khan HA, Keyhan SO. Fat grafting in facial aesthetic units. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am, 2018, 26(1): 15-23.
41.	Pu LLQ. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation: My preferred approach. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 19-29.
42.	Surek CC, Guisantes E, Schnarr K, et al. “No-Touch” technique for lip enhancement. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2016, 138(4): 603e-613e.
43.	Rohrich RJ, Sanniec K, Afrooz PN. Autologous fat grafting to the chin: A useful adjunct in complete aesthetic facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 142(4): 921-925.
44.	刘飞, 陶莉, 王岩, 等. 面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在面部轮廓塑形中的疗效观察. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2019, 30(10): 611-614.
45.	Levy PM. Neurotoxins: Current concepts in cosmetic use on the face and neck—Jawline contouring/platysma bands/necklace lines. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2015, 136(5 Suppl): 80S-83S.
46.	Han X, Yang M, Yin B, et al. The efficacy and safety of subcutaneous radiofrequency after liposuction: A new application for face and neck skin tightening. Aesthet Surg J, 2021, 41(3): NP94-NP100.
47.	高秋妮, 杨晓楠, 祁佐良. 颈部年轻化的外科治疗进展. 中华整形外科杂志, 2020, 36(12): 1389-1394.
48.	Glasgold M, Lam SM, Glasgold R. Autologous fat grafting for cosmetic enhancement of the perioral region. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am, 2007, 15(4): 461-470.
49.	Lin TM, Huang SH, Lin YN, et al. Fat grafting for facial vontouring (Nose and chin). Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 91-98.
50.	Song P, Xu X, Chen M, et al. Prevention and management of serious complications after facial fat grafting. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 165-171.
51.	Wang K, Rong X, Dang J, et al. Severe vascular complications caused by facial autologous fat grafting: A critical review. Ann Plast Surg, 2021, 86(3S Suppl 2): S208-S219.
52.	Azoury SC, Shakir S, Bucky LP, et al. Modern fat grafting techniques to the face and neck. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 148(4): 620e-633e.
53.	Liew S, Wu WTL, Chan HH, et al. Consensus on changing trends, attitudes, and concepts of Asian beauty. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2020, 44(4): 1186-1194.
54.	Samizadeh S. The ideals of facial beauty among Chinese aesthetic practitioners: Results from a large national survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2019, 43(1): 102-114.
55.	Samizadeh S, Wu W. Ideals of facial beauty amongst the Chinese population: Results from a large national survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2020, 44(4): 1173-1183.
56.	Chang CS, Kang GC. Achieving ideal lower face aesthetic contours: Combination of tridimensional fat grafting to the chin with masseter botulinum toxin injection. Aesthet Surg J, 2016, 36(10): 1093-1100.
57.	Shi N, Su Y, Guo S, et al. Improving the retention rate of fat grafts in recipient areas via botulinum toxin A treatment. Aesthet Surg J, 2019, 39(12): 1436-1444.
58.	Wu M, Li Y, Wang Z, et al. Botulinum toxin A improves supramuscular fat graft retention by enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Dermatol Surg, 2020, 46(5): 646-652.
59.	Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Constantine FC, et al. Lift-and-fill face lift: integrating the fat compartments. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(6): 756e-767e.
60.	Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Carvas M. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation with nanofat grafts. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 53-62.
61.	任婧, 李烨, 冯晶玮. 冻存脂肪胶在面部自体脂肪移植中的应用. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2021, 32(8): 478-481.
62.	Zhang Y, Zhang X, Jin X, et al. Adipose collagen fragment: A novel adipose-derived extracellular matrix concentrate for skin filling. Aesthet Surg J, 2022, 42(5): NP337-NP350.
63.	Li Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, et al. Adipose matrix complex: a high-rigidity collagen-rich adipose-derived material for fat grafting. Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(11): 14910-14923.

1. Marten T, Elyassnia D. Facial fat grafting: Why, where, how, and how much. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2018, 42(5): 1278-1297.
2. Donofrio LM. Fat distribution: a morphologic study of the aging face. Dermatol Surg, 2000, 26(12): 1107-1112.
3. Reece EM, Pessa JE, Rohrich RJ. The mandibular septum: anatomical observations of the jowls in aging-implications for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2008, 121(4): 1414-1420.
4. Surowiecka A, Strużyna J. Adipose-derived stem cells for facial rejuvenation. J Pers Med, 2022, 12(1): 117. doi: 10.3390/jpm12010117.
5. Fedok FG. The rejuvenation of the aged central lower face: A contemporary perspective. Facial Plast Surg, 2019, 35(2): 121-128.
6. Morera Serna E, Serna Benbassat M, Terré Falcón R, et al. Anatomy and aging of the perioral region. Facial Plast Surg, 2021, 37(2): 176-193.
7. Cotofana S, Lachman N. Anatomy of the facial fat compartments and their relevance in aesthetic surgery. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2019, 17(4): 399-413.
8. Stefura T, Kacprzyk A, Droś J, et al. Tissue fillers for the nasolabial fold area: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2021, 45(5): 2300-2316.
9. 郭一璇, 文丽红, 陈日娴, 等. 下面部老化中相关脂肪室的研究进展及临床应用. 中华整形外科杂志, 2021, 37(11): 1290-1295.
10. Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The anatomy and clinical implications of perioral submuscular fat. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2009, 124(1): 266-271.
11. Surek CC. Facial anatomy for filler injection: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is not just for facelifting. Clin Plast Surg, 2019, 46(4): 603-612.
12. Lee JG, Yang HM, Choi YJ, et al. Facial arterial depth and relationship with the facial musculature layer. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2015, 135(2): 437-444.
13. Gelezhe P, Gombolevskiy V, Morozov S, et al. Three-dimensional description of the angular artery in the nasolabial fold. Aesthet Surg J, 2021, 41(6): 697-704.
14. Pilsl U, Anderhuber F. The external nose: The nasal arteries and their course in relation to the nasolabial fold and groove. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2016, 138(5): 830e-835e.
15. Tansatit T, Apinuntrum P, Phetudom T. Cadaveric assessment of lip injections: Locating the serious threats. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2017, 41(2): 430-440.
16. Tansatit T, Apinuntrum P, Phetudom T. A typical pattern of the labial arteries with implication for lip augmentation with injectable fillers. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2014, 38(6): 1083-1089.
17. Cotofana S, Pretterklieber B, Lucius R, et al. Distribution pattern of the superior and inferior labial arteries: Impact for safe upper and lower lip augmentation procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2017, 139(5): 1075-1082.
18. Ko AC, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO. The aging face. Surv Ophthalmol, 2017, 62(2): 190-202.
19. Sandulescu T, Franzmann M, Jast J, et al. Facial fold and crease development: A new morphological approach and classification. Clin Anat, 2019, 32(4): 573-584.
20. Mendelson B, Wong CH. Changes in the facial skeleton with aging: Implications and clinical applications in facial rejuvenation. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2020, 44(4): 1151-1158.
21. Ding A. The ideal lips: Lessons learnt from the literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2021, 45(4): 1520-1530.
22. Popenko NA, Tripathi PB, Devcic Z, et al. A quantitative approach to determining the ideal female lip aesthetic and its effect on facial attractiveness. JAMA Facial Plast Surg, 2017, 19(4): 261-267.
23. Heidekrueger PI, Juran S, Szpalski C, et al. The current preferred female lip ratio. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2017, 45(5): 655-660.
24. Baudoin J, Meuli JN, di Summa PG, et al. A comprehensive guide to upper lip aesthetic rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2019, 18(2): 444-450.
25. Spiegel JH, Spiegel OL. Lip lifting: Not just fullness—Everything you need to know about lifting and creating youthful, beautiful lips. Facial Plast Surg, 2019, 35(2): 129-133.
26. Sito G, Consolini L, Trévidic P. Proposed guide to lip treatment in caucasian women using objective and measurable parameters. Aesthet Surg J, 2019, 39(12): NP474-NP483.
27. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, et al. The facial aging process from the “inside out”. Aesthet Surg J, 2021, 41(10): 1107-1119.
28. van de Lande LS, Eyck BM, Mooij JJ, et al. The rainbow scale for the assessment of the cervicomental angle: A validated scale. Aesthet Surg J, 2020, 40(9): 931-937.
29. Fedok FG, Mittelman H. Augmenting the prejowl: Deciding between fat, fillers, and implants. Facial Plast Surg, 2016, 32(5): 513-519.
30. Shaw RB, Katzel EB, Koltz PF, et al. Aging of the mandible and its aesthetic implications. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2010, 125(1): 332-342.
31. Braz A, Humphrey S, Weinkle S, et al. Lower face: Clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2015, 136(5 Suppl): 235S-257S.
32. Galanin I, Nicu C, Tower JI. Facial fat fitness: A new paradigm to understand facial aging and aesthetics. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2021, 45(1): 151-163.
33. Marten TJ, Elyassnia D. Fat grafting in facial rejuvenation. Clin Plast Surg, 2015, 42(2): 219-252.
34. Yang Z, Li M, Jin S, et al. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation in Asians. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 43-51.
35. Xie Y, Huang RL, Wang W, et al. Fat grafting for facial contouring (Temporal region and midface). Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 81-89.
36. 何玉, 韩雪峰, 蔡磊, 等. 不同大小脂肪颗粒移植在面部年轻化及轮廓重塑中的临床应用. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2021, 32(2): 72-76.
37. Schultz KP, Raghuram A, Davis MJ, et al. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation. Semin Plast Surg, 2020, 34(1): 30-37.
38. Xiong S, Yi C, Pu LLQ. An overview of principles and new techniques for facial fat grafting. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 7-17.
39. ALY A. Centrofacial Rejuvenation. Volume Ⅲ. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2019, 143(5): 1543-1544.
40. Khan HA, Keyhan SO. Fat grafting in facial aesthetic units. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am, 2018, 26(1): 15-23.
41. Pu LLQ. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation: My preferred approach. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 19-29.
42. Surek CC, Guisantes E, Schnarr K, et al. “No-Touch” technique for lip enhancement. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2016, 138(4): 603e-613e.
43. Rohrich RJ, Sanniec K, Afrooz PN. Autologous fat grafting to the chin: A useful adjunct in complete aesthetic facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 142(4): 921-925.
44. 刘飞, 陶莉, 王岩, 等. 面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在面部轮廓塑形中的疗效观察. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2019, 30(10): 611-614.
45. Levy PM. Neurotoxins: Current concepts in cosmetic use on the face and neck—Jawline contouring/platysma bands/necklace lines. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2015, 136(5 Suppl): 80S-83S.
46. Han X, Yang M, Yin B, et al. The efficacy and safety of subcutaneous radiofrequency after liposuction: A new application for face and neck skin tightening. Aesthet Surg J, 2021, 41(3): NP94-NP100.
47. 高秋妮, 杨晓楠, 祁佐良. 颈部年轻化的外科治疗进展. 中华整形外科杂志, 2020, 36(12): 1389-1394.
48. Glasgold M, Lam SM, Glasgold R. Autologous fat grafting for cosmetic enhancement of the perioral region. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am, 2007, 15(4): 461-470.
49. Lin TM, Huang SH, Lin YN, et al. Fat grafting for facial vontouring (Nose and chin). Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 91-98.
50. Song P, Xu X, Chen M, et al. Prevention and management of serious complications after facial fat grafting. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 165-171.
51. Wang K, Rong X, Dang J, et al. Severe vascular complications caused by facial autologous fat grafting: A critical review. Ann Plast Surg, 2021, 86(3S Suppl 2): S208-S219.
52. Azoury SC, Shakir S, Bucky LP, et al. Modern fat grafting techniques to the face and neck. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 148(4): 620e-633e.
53. Liew S, Wu WTL, Chan HH, et al. Consensus on changing trends, attitudes, and concepts of Asian beauty. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2020, 44(4): 1186-1194.
54. Samizadeh S. The ideals of facial beauty among Chinese aesthetic practitioners: Results from a large national survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2019, 43(1): 102-114.
55. Samizadeh S, Wu W. Ideals of facial beauty amongst the Chinese population: Results from a large national survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2020, 44(4): 1173-1183.
56. Chang CS, Kang GC. Achieving ideal lower face aesthetic contours: Combination of tridimensional fat grafting to the chin with masseter botulinum toxin injection. Aesthet Surg J, 2016, 36(10): 1093-1100.
57. Shi N, Su Y, Guo S, et al. Improving the retention rate of fat grafts in recipient areas via botulinum toxin A treatment. Aesthet Surg J, 2019, 39(12): 1436-1444.
58. Wu M, Li Y, Wang Z, et al. Botulinum toxin A improves supramuscular fat graft retention by enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Dermatol Surg, 2020, 46(5): 646-652.
59. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Constantine FC, et al. Lift-and-fill face lift: integrating the fat compartments. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(6): 756e-767e.
60. Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Carvas M. Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation with nanofat grafts. Clin Plast Surg, 2020, 47(1): 53-62.
61. 任婧, 李烨, 冯晶玮. 冻存脂肪胶在面部自体脂肪移植中的应用. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2021, 32(8): 478-481.
62. Zhang Y, Zhang X, Jin X, et al. Adipose collagen fragment: A novel adipose-derived extracellular matrix concentrate for skin filling. Aesthet Surg J, 2022, 42(5): NP337-NP350.
63. Li Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, et al. Adipose matrix complex: a high-rigidity collagen-rich adipose-derived material for fat grafting. Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(11): 14910-14923.

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Autologous fat grafting for perioral and lower face rejuvenation

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