Objective To analyze and screen the risk factors of both immunohistochemistry and pathology for lung cancer lymphatic metastasis, and to build a mathematical model for preliminary evaluation. Methods By conducting retrospective studies, the information of lung cancer patients in the General Hospital of Air Force from 2009 to 2011 were collected. Both single and multiple unconditional logistic regression analyses were applied to screen total 27 possible factors for lymphatic metastasis. After the factors with statistical significance were selected, the relevant mathematical model was built and then evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results A total of 216 patients were included. The single analyses on 27 possible factors showed significant differences in the following 10 factors: pathological grade (P=0.00), age (P=0.00), tumor types (P=0.01), nm23 (P=0.00), GSTII (P=0.01), TTF1 (P=0.01), MRP (P=0.01), CK14 (P=0.02), CD56 (P=0.02), and EGFR (P=0.03). The multiple factors unconditional logistic regression analyses on those 10 risk factors screened 4 relevant factors as follows: pathological grade (OR=2.34), age (OR=1.02), nm23 (OR=1.66), and EGFR (OR=1.47). Then a mathematical diagnostic model was established based on those 4 identified risk factors, and the result of ROC analysis showed it could improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity compared with the single factor mathematical diagnostic model. Conclusion Pathological grade, age, nm23, and EGFR are related with lung cancer lymphatic metastasis, and all of them are the risk factors which have higher adjuvant diagnostic value for lung cancer lymphatic metastasis.
目的:通过检测髓母细胞瘤（Medulloblastoma）中凋亡抑制蛋白（survivin）的表达情况，探讨它的临床意义，为髓母细胞瘤的治疗寻求新的思路。方法:对50例髓母细胞瘤及10例正常脑组织石蜡切片行免疫组化检测，通过对survivin蛋白在髓母细胞瘤患者与正常脑组织中的表达差异，并运用相关统计分析方法分析它在不同性别、年龄段、肿瘤大小、病理类型、临床分期的表达差异及其与预后的相关性。结果:（1）髓母细胞瘤中survivin蛋白阳性表达率为72%，明显高于正常脑组织的阳性表达率0%，二者表达差异明显（Plt;0.01）；亚组分析发现在survivin蛋白阳性组（n=36）和阴性组（n=14）病例中，性别分布、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、病理分型等因素在两者间无明显差别（Pgt;0.05），而年龄及TM临床分期在两组间差异显著（P分别为0.044和0.027）。（2）survivin阳性患者预后与和阴性组相比差异显著（P=0.001）。结论:survivin可能参与了对髓母细胞瘤细胞凋亡的调控，并对髓母细胞瘤的发生发展可能起着重要作用。由于survivin蛋白表达与髓母细胞瘤患者年龄、临床分期及预后等也密切相关，可作为判断病情和评价预后的指标。
探讨宫颈癌中EphA2的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学方法检测10例慢性宫颈炎、25例宫颈上皮内瘤样变（CIN）、50例宫颈癌（鳞癌41例、腺癌9例）中EphA2的蛋白表达。并对50例宫颈癌患者进行8～46月随访，分析EphA2在宫颈癌中的表达与患者预后的关系。结果:慢性宫颈炎、CIN、宫颈癌组织中EphA2蛋白阳性表达的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。EphA2蛋白在宫颈癌中的表达与患者年龄、FIGO分期、病理类型无关，与病理分级、有无淋巴结转移有密切相关性，且EphA2蛋白表达越强，患者生存率越低。结论：EphA2与宫颈癌的侵袭、转移密切相关，可望作为判断宫颈癌患者预后的参考指标。
Objective To detect the characteristic of multidrug resistance gene products expressions in gastric cancer tissues, including glutathione-s-transferase π (GST-π), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), topoisomerase Ⅱ (Topo-Ⅱ), thymidylate synthase (TS), and multidrug resistance related protein (MRP), and analyze their clinical significance for the therapy of gastric cancer. Methods SP immunohistochemical stain was used to detect GST-π, P-gp, Topo-Ⅱ, TS and MRP expressions in sample of 48 gastric cancer tissues and 10 normal gastric mucosa. And their corresponding clinical data were comprehensive analyzed. Results The expressions of GST-π, P-gp, Topo-Ⅱ, TS and MRP had notable differences between the gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (GST-π： P＜0.01； P-gp： P＜0.01； Topo-Ⅱ： P＜0.01； TS： P＜0.05； MRP： P＜0.05). Positive expression rates of GST-π, P-gp, Topo-Ⅱ, TS and MRP in gastric cancer tissues were 72.9% (35/48), 56.3% (27/48), 83.3% (40/48), 41.7% (20/48) and 39.6% (19/48), and positive expression rates of them in normal gastric mucosa were 10.0% (1/10), 0 (0/10), 0 (0/10), 0 (0/10) and 0 (0/10) corresponding. Their positive expression rates were closely relevant to the degree of differentiation (P＜0.01), but not to the patients’ sex, age, tumour site, size of tumour, invasive depth and lymph node metastasis (Pgt;0.05). Conclusions The expressions of GST-π, P-gp, Topo-Ⅱ, TS and MRP in gastric cancer tissues exist obvious heterogeneity. Their overexpression underlie the multidrug resistance of gastric cancer. The joint detection of GST-π, P-gp, Topo-Ⅱ, TS and MRP can be looked as an important symbol for guiding its chemotherapy.
Objective To study the expression of nuclear factor-κBp65 (NF-κBp65) in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods The expression of NF-κBp65 and VEGF in 56 gastric carcinomas was detected with immunohistochemistry and compared with benign tissues. Results The positive rates of NF-κBp65 and VEGF in 56 gastric carcinomas were 62.5% and 76.8% respectively,and which were higher than those of gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia (33.3% and 44.4%) and the normal gastric mucosa(0 and 8.3%) （P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.It was found that there was relationship between the expression of NF-κBp65 and the clinical stage, invasion depth of tumor and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05),but there was no relation to the historica type (Pgt;0.05). There was positive correlation between NF-κBp65 and VEGF expression （r=0.36,P＜0.01）. Conclusion NF-κBp65 may play an important role in the development of gastric carcinoma by up-regulate the expression of VEGF.
Objective To explore the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, TNF and TNFR in the gallbladder mucosa which developed from hyperplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma, and to further discuss the relationship between TNF and pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to determine TNF mRNA, TNF protein and TNFR protein expression in hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma of gallbladder. Results ①No one of 20 cases of gallbladder hyperplasia was found to express TNF mRNA, while 4 of 20 (20%) cases of dysplasia and 18 of 20 (90%) cases of carcinoma were found to express TNF mRNA (P＜0.05). ②For the expression of TNF mRNA in mononuclear cells (MNC), positive staining was found in 15% of gallbladder hyperplasia, 85% of dysplasia and 90% of carcinoma, respectively (P＜0.05). The cell numbers of positive staining MNC were 4.85±1.50, 6.00±2.71 and 9.33±3.07, respectively (P＜0.05). ③In gallbladder carcinoma, the cell number of carcinoma and MNC with positive TNF mRNA expression was correlated with clinical stage (P＜0.05). The higher the clinical stage, the more the positive staining cell numbers. The positive staining cell numbers of carcinoma in stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅳ-Ⅴ were 9.13±4.39 and 14.80±4.02, respectively (P＜0.01), and the positive staining cell numbers of MNC were 7.13±2.53 and 11.10±2.23, respectively (P＜0.05). ④The cell numbers of carcinoma and MNC with TNF mRNA expression increased with tumor size. In tumors with diameter over 2 cm and less than 2 cm, the positive staining cell numbers of carcinoma were 14.00±4.20 and 8.83±4.96, respectively (P＜0.05), and that of MNC were 10.50±2.54 and 7.00±2.83, respectively (P＜0.05). ⑤The region of TNF protein expression was similar to that of TNF mRNA, but TNF protein expression was more frequent and wider than that of TNF mRNA. ⑥The tumor necrosis factor receptor was expressed in tumoral vascular endothelial cells and MNC in all cases of carcinoma, but was negatively stained in mucosa epithelial cells and tumor cells of all cases. ⑦There was positive linear correlation in TNF mRNA between tumor cell and MNC (r=0.687, P＜0.01), same as that in TNF protein expression (r=0.742, P＜0.01); and there was positive linear correlation in tumor cell between TNF mRNA and TNF protein expression (r=0.847, P＜0.01), same as that in MNC (r=0.643, P＜0.01). Conclusion The TNF mRNA and TNF protein expression are increasing during the development of gallbladder mucosa epithelial from hyperplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma, and increasing with tumor stage. It suggests that TNF may contribute to carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma induced by gallstone, and related to the progression of gallbladder carcinoma.
【Abstract】Objective To explore the clinical significance of β-catenin expression in pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of β-catenin in the specimens of 46 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and the results were statistically analyzed.Results The abnormal expression rate on the membrane was 54.3%, the poorer the differentiation, the higher the abnormal expression rate. The levels of the cases in whom metastasis occurred were much higher than those without metastasis. The abnormal cytoplasm expression rate was 21.7%,which had not significant correlation with the clinical indexes, such as staging, tumor size, grading and metastasis. In 23 patients who accepted intervention chemotherapy before operation, the cytoplasm expression rate in those with tumor mass smaller was 0, which was evidently lower than that of those without tumor mass change (33.3%). Moreover, the abnormal membrane and cytoplasm expression rates had remarkable concordance (63.0%).Conclusion The abnormal membrane expression of β-catenin may accelerate metastasis, and the abnormal expression of β-catenin in cytoplasm may result in cell proliferation.
Objective To study the relationship between the expression of p53，bcl-2 and nm23 and clinicopathology in the patients with gastric cancer and to probe the correlation among the expression of three kinds of oncogene.Methods Eighty cases of different differentiated gastric cancer, 37 cases of peri-tumor atypical mucosa hyperplasia and 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa were stained by immunohistochemistry (SP method).The expression of p53,bcl-2 and nm23 was analyzed with their relation to histologic type，differentiation，lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.Results The positive rates of bcl-2 protein expression in mild,middle and severe peritumor atypical hyperplasia were 7.1%, 18.1% and 25.0%. There was no obvious difference among 3 groups (Pgt;0.05). The bcl-2 positive rates of welldifferentiated and poordifferentiated gastric cancer were 78.2% and 48.5% respectively, the difference was obvious (P＜0.05). The positive expression rate of p53 protein in welldifferentiated gastric cancer was 72.5%, obviously lower than that of poordifferentiated gastric cancer (86.2%,P＜0.05). The positive rate of nm23 in welldifferentiated gastric cancer was 84.3%, obviously higher than that of poordifferentiated (17.2%),and the expression rate of nonlymph node metastasis group was higher than that of lymph node metastasis group (P＜0.05). The expression rate of nm23 protein was closely correlated to tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between p53 and bcl-2 expression. Conclusion bcl-2 and p53 can be important indices for tumor differentiation and prognosis. nm23 protein plays an important inhibiting role in the process of gastric cancer metastasis and may be a molecular biological basis for the evaluation of patients prognosis in gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological significance of integrin α5β1 expression and microvessel density(MVD) in gastric cancer(GC) and the correlation of MVD with integrin α5β1. MethodsThe expression of integrin α5β1 was detected by means of immunohistochemical staining (SP method) on paraffinembeded tissue specimens from 35 primary gastric carcinoma(PGC), 10 metastasic lymph node of gastric cancer and 8 chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). Vascular endothelial cells were stained immunohistochemically using antiCD34 monoclonal antibody to recognize microvessel(MV) in 35 cases of PGC and 8 CSG, MV was counted in 4 hot spot per slide under lightmicroscope (×400) and the average was defined as MVD. The results combined with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed statistically to characterize the role of integrin α5β1 and MVD in the progression of gastric cancer. ResultsIntegrin α5β1 expression and MVD in PGC were significantly higher than those in CSG respectively （t=3.32, P lt;0.01; t=2.30, Plt;0.05）; the expression of integrin α5β1 in PGC showed only a correlation with the invasion depth of tumor (t=2.29, Plt;0.05） while MVD showed all correlations with invasion depth,lymph node status and TNM stage （t=3.07, Plt;0.01; t=2.48, Plt;0.05; t=2.94,Plt;0.01）. Neither integrin α5β1expression nor MVD showed a relation with differential of PGC （t=0.15, Pgt;0.05; t=0.41, Pgt;0.05）. Integrin α5β1 was significantly overexpressed in lymph node metastatic cancer compared with that in corresponding PGC （t=2.45, Plt;0.05）; the difference of MVD showed no statistical significance among levels of integrin α5β1 expression in PGC （F =1.43,P＞0.05） and it showed no correlation with integrin α5β1 expression（r= 0.156, P=0.37）.Conclusion Overexpression of integrin α5β1 is present in GC and associates with the progression of tumor, implying that it may be viewed as the indicator of invasion and metastasis and the candidate target of gene therapy of gastric cancer. However, integrin α5β1 may not play an important role in the vascularization of GC.