Objective To investigate the possible interaction between the ras and p53 genes overexpression in thyroid carcinoma, and whether there is correlation between the ras and p53 overexpression and clinico-pathological criteria. Methods Thyroid lesions from eighty patients were examined for expression of ras and p53 genes by the LSAB immunohistochemistic method. Of these patients, 54 were diagnosed as malignant lesions and 26 benign nodular thyroid disorders. Results The positive immunostain rate for ras and p53 genes was 90.7%, 23.0% and 55.5%, 30.7% in carcinoma and benign lesions respectively with statistically significance between thyroid carcinomas and benign disorders (Ｐ＜0.05). Both ras and p53 overexpressions coexisted in 30 thyroid carcinomas and follow-up showed that 3 of them died and 5 of them had recurrence within 4 years.Conclusion Activation of ras gene and inactivation of p53 gene are cooperatively associated in thyroid tumorigenesis. The concurrent overexpression of ras and p53 could result in a poor prognosis.
Objective To investigate the expressions of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL） and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in human rectal cancer tissues and normal rectal tissues. MethodsThe expressions of TRAIL and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in 31 cases of human rectal cancer tissues and 20 cases of normal rectal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThe positive expression rates of TRAIL, DR4 and DcR1 （32.26%， 29.03%， 0） were lower than those of normal rectal tissues （55.00%， 70.00%， 65.00%）, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.015， P=0.000， P=0.000). There were no relation between the expressions of TRAIL, DR4 and DcR1 and clinicopathologic characteristics (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionThe expressions of TRAIL and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in human rectal cancer tissues were lower than those of normal rectal tissues, which may suggest that the apoptotic effect induced by the interaction between TRAIL and its receptors has attenuated in human rectal cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To compare the sensitivity of HE,immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR in detection of breast cancer metastases in axillary lymph nodes.MethodsTwenty female patients with newly diagnosed and clinically nodenegative breast cancers underwent modified radical mastectomy, including a complete axillary lymph node dissection. The ages of the patients ranged from 31 years to 65 years, and the diagnosis of breast cancer was approved by pathological finding. Two hundred and thirty-nine axillary lymph nodes were found in these 20 patients. Metastases in axillary lymph nodes were explored by HE， cytokeratin 19 IHC and RT-PCR for cytokeratin 19 respectively. ResultsSeven(2.9%) lymph nodes were found to have metastatic cancers by HE in 3 patients,all nodes were found in level Ⅰ. Metastatic cancers were found in 13(5.4%) nodes by IHC in 7 patients,11 nodes in level Ⅰ and 2 nodes in level Ⅱ; and 52(21.8%) nodes were found to contain tumor cells by RT-PCR in 14 patients,30 nodes in level Ⅰ and 22 nodes in level Ⅱ. All of 7 histologically(HE) positive nodes were found to contain tumor cells by IHC and RT-PCR. Among 232 histologically(HE) negative nodes,6(2.6%) nodes were found to contain tumor cells by IHC,and 45(19.4%) nodes were found to contain tumor cells by RT-PCR, all 6 IHC positive nodes showed the expected 460-base pair products on gel electrophoresis (P＜0.05).ConclusionThis study suggests that IHC and RT-PCR are more sensitive methods for the detection of micrometastases of breast cancer in lymph nodes than HE is,and RT-PCR is even better than IHC; the micrometastases of breast cancer in axillary lymph nodes could be detected accurately through these techniques.
【摘要】目的探讨肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的临床病理特点、诊断及鉴别诊断。 方法对3例肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者有关病理检查结果进行回顾性分析。 结果肿瘤位于肝右叶2例，肝左叶1例。肿瘤直径为2～10 cm，平均6.2 cm。3例肿瘤内均见平滑肌、脂肪、畸形厚壁血管，但未见髓外造血灶。对黑色素瘤（HMB45）、结合蛋白（desmin)及肌动蛋白（actin)检查均呈阳性反应。术后随访6～36个月，未见肿瘤复发。结论肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤由3种成分组成，病理形态变化多样，必须与多种肝肿瘤相鉴别。平滑肌细胞HMB45表达呈强阳性反应是诊断肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤较可靠的依据。
Objective To explore the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, TNF and TNFR in the gallbladder mucosa which developed from hyperplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma, and to further discuss the relationship between TNF and pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to determine TNF mRNA, TNF protein and TNFR protein expression in hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma of gallbladder. Results ①No one of 20 cases of gallbladder hyperplasia was found to express TNF mRNA, while 4 of 20 (20%) cases of dysplasia and 18 of 20 (90%) cases of carcinoma were found to express TNF mRNA (P＜0.05). ②For the expression of TNF mRNA in mononuclear cells (MNC), positive staining was found in 15% of gallbladder hyperplasia, 85% of dysplasia and 90% of carcinoma, respectively (P＜0.05). The cell numbers of positive staining MNC were 4.85±1.50, 6.00±2.71 and 9.33±3.07, respectively (P＜0.05). ③In gallbladder carcinoma, the cell number of carcinoma and MNC with positive TNF mRNA expression was correlated with clinical stage (P＜0.05). The higher the clinical stage, the more the positive staining cell numbers. The positive staining cell numbers of carcinoma in stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅳ-Ⅴ were 9.13±4.39 and 14.80±4.02, respectively (P＜0.01), and the positive staining cell numbers of MNC were 7.13±2.53 and 11.10±2.23, respectively (P＜0.05). ④The cell numbers of carcinoma and MNC with TNF mRNA expression increased with tumor size. In tumors with diameter over 2 cm and less than 2 cm, the positive staining cell numbers of carcinoma were 14.00±4.20 and 8.83±4.96, respectively (P＜0.05), and that of MNC were 10.50±2.54 and 7.00±2.83, respectively (P＜0.05). ⑤The region of TNF protein expression was similar to that of TNF mRNA, but TNF protein expression was more frequent and wider than that of TNF mRNA. ⑥The tumor necrosis factor receptor was expressed in tumoral vascular endothelial cells and MNC in all cases of carcinoma, but was negatively stained in mucosa epithelial cells and tumor cells of all cases. ⑦There was positive linear correlation in TNF mRNA between tumor cell and MNC (r=0.687, P＜0.01), same as that in TNF protein expression (r=0.742, P＜0.01); and there was positive linear correlation in tumor cell between TNF mRNA and TNF protein expression (r=0.847, P＜0.01), same as that in MNC (r=0.643, P＜0.01). Conclusion The TNF mRNA and TNF protein expression are increasing during the development of gallbladder mucosa epithelial from hyperplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma, and increasing with tumor stage. It suggests that TNF may contribute to carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma induced by gallstone, and related to the progression of gallbladder carcinoma.
To study the prognostic significance of proliferative cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in bile duct carcinoma,expression of PCNA protein was studied immunohistochemically in 30 patients with bile duct carcinoma.Results:86.7 percent of bile duct carcinomas showed PCNA positive staining and significiant difference was observed between malignant and benign tissues.These results suggest that proliferative activity of malignant tissues was ber than that of the benign ones.In patients with cancer of stages 3,the mean survial time for those with high proliferative activity was 13 months in constrast with 26 months for those with low activity.PCNA is of prognostic significance for bile duct carcinoma patients.
目的 初步观察电针足三里穴对不全肠梗阻大鼠小肠Cajal间质细胞（interstitial cells of Cajal，ICC）数量变化的影响，为进一步探讨电针足三里穴对ICC表型变化的影响奠定基础。方法 采用圈套法造成不全肠梗阻从而建立ICC数目减少的SD大鼠模型。取20只雌性大鼠采用简单随机法均分成正常对照组、不全肠梗阻30d未电针足三里穴组（梗阻组）、不全肠梗组30d电针足三里穴组（足三里组）和不全肠梗阻30d电针阴陵泉穴组（阴陵泉组） 4组。其中足三里组和阴陵泉组分别连续电针足三里穴或阴陵泉穴7d后，取小肠组织采用免疫组化方法以及免疫荧光观察ICC数量的变化。结果 正常对照组、足三里组、梗阻组及阴陵泉组ICC阳性面积分别为（102 051.00±16 969.38） μm2、（92 642.12±14 854.49） μm2、（45 221.33±6 230.20） μm2和（63 136.16±8 863.91） μm2，各组间差异有统计学意义（F=21.240，P＜0.001），其中足三里组的ICC阳性面积较梗阻组高（P＜0.05）。结论 电针足三里穴可使不全肠梗阻大鼠小肠受损的ICC数量得到部分恢复，但其具体机理有待进一步研究。
Objective To identify the expression of pleiotrophin （PTN） mRNA and protein in the colorectal cancer tissues， and to explore the clinical value of it. Methods The expressions of PTN mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer tissues （colorectal cancer group） as well as normal colorectal tissues （normal control group） were tested by using in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rates of PTN mRNA 〔63.9% （53/83） vs. 40.7%（22/54）〕 and protein〔60.2%（50/83） vs. 33.3%（18/54）〕 in colorectal cancer group were all significantly higher than those of normal control group （P=0.008， P=0.002）. There were no significant relationship between expressions of PTN mRNA and protein with gender， age， and type of tumor （P＞0.05）， but in tissues of Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage and poor differentiation，the positive rates of PTN mRNA and protein were all higher （P＜0.05）. Conclusions The over expressions of PTN mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer tissues may directly related to the invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile， it can be used as an index to predict metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
Objective To study the relationship between the expression of p53，bcl-2 and nm23 and clinicopathology in the patients with gastric cancer and to probe the correlation among the expression of three kinds of oncogene.Methods Eighty cases of different differentiated gastric cancer, 37 cases of peri-tumor atypical mucosa hyperplasia and 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa were stained by immunohistochemistry (SP method).The expression of p53,bcl-2 and nm23 was analyzed with their relation to histologic type，differentiation，lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.Results The positive rates of bcl-2 protein expression in mild,middle and severe peritumor atypical hyperplasia were 7.1%, 18.1% and 25.0%. There was no obvious difference among 3 groups (Pgt;0.05). The bcl-2 positive rates of welldifferentiated and poordifferentiated gastric cancer were 78.2% and 48.5% respectively, the difference was obvious (P＜0.05). The positive expression rate of p53 protein in welldifferentiated gastric cancer was 72.5%, obviously lower than that of poordifferentiated gastric cancer (86.2%,P＜0.05). The positive rate of nm23 in welldifferentiated gastric cancer was 84.3%, obviously higher than that of poordifferentiated (17.2%),and the expression rate of nonlymph node metastasis group was higher than that of lymph node metastasis group (P＜0.05). The expression rate of nm23 protein was closely correlated to tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between p53 and bcl-2 expression. Conclusion bcl-2 and p53 can be important indices for tumor differentiation and prognosis. nm23 protein plays an important inhibiting role in the process of gastric cancer metastasis and may be a molecular biological basis for the evaluation of patients prognosis in gastric cancer.
Objective To observe the effect of gefitinib on expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in bile duct epithelial cells, and the feasibility of inhibiting hyperplasia of bile duct epithelial cells with gefitinib. Methods Sixty-one patients with hepatolithiasis having to be in hospital for surgery from the First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu county were selected, with 25-65 years old, average 46.92 years. The patients were randomly divided into therapy group and control group. There were 30 cases in therapy group, in which fine duct was placed on lesion bile duct during operation, and through whom gefitinib solution was perfused after operation. There were 31 cases in control group with only T tube drainage after operation. The bile duct sample was obtained respectively during the operation and 6 weeks and 12 weeks after operation. The histology and expression change of EGFR were observed by HE staining, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR method respectively. Results There were no significant differences in pathohistology changes of bile duct and the EGFR protein and mRNA expression between therapy group and control group during operation. The hyperplasia of epithelium mucosae and submucosal gland in the therapy group were obviously decreased as compared with those in control group, the EGFR mRNA and protein expression in therapy group were weaker than those of control group （Plt;0.05） 6 weeks and 12 weeks after gefitinib treatment. Conclusion EGFR is overexpressed in the chronic proliferative cholangitis, and continuously local application of gefitinib after operation can specifically interrupt the activation and expression of EFGR and then effectively inhibit the hyperplasia of bile duct epithelial cells.