Ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｒａｉｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ ｏｆ ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｏｎ ｍａｌｉｇｎａｎｔ ｔｕｍｏｒ，ｗｅ ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ ｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔｅｄ ｈｅｐａｔｏｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａｂｅａｒｉｎｇ ｍｉｃｅ ｗｉｔｈ Ｇｅ１３２（ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ ｇｅｒｍａｎｉｕｍ）．Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｗｅｒｅ∶① ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｏｆ ｈｉｇｈｄｏｓａｇｅ Ｇｅ１３２，ｔｈｅ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｓｔａｔｉｃ ｒａｔｅ ｗａｓ ３１０％，＋＋＋ ｗｈｉｔｅ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｃｅｌｌ（ＷＢＣ）ｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔｅｄ ｔｕｍｏｒ ｗａｓ ７２７％，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｒｕｍ ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ （ＳＯＤ） ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｒａｔｅ ｗａｓ １２１ Ｎｕ／ｍｌ； ② ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗｉｔｈ ｎｏｒｍａｌ ｓａｌｉｎｅ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ （ＮＳ），＋＋＋ ＷＢＣ ｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｕｍｏｒ ｗａｓ ３６．４％， ｔｈｅ ｓｅｒｕｍ ＳＯＤ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｒａｔｅ ｗａｓ ８１ Ｎｕ／ｍｌ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗａｓ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ （Ｐ＜０．０５） ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｗｏ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ；③ ｉｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｏｆ ｃｙｃｌｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｍｉｄｅ ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｓｔａｔｉｃ ｒａｔｅ ｗａｓ ３７．０％，＋＋＋ ＷＢＣ ｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｕｍｏｒ ｗａｓ ２７．３％，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｒｕｍ ＳＯＤ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｒａｔｅ ｗａｓ １０２ Ｎｕ／ｍｌ；ａｎｄ ④ ｈｉｇｈｄｏｓａｇｅ Ｇｅ１３２ ｉｎ ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｔｈ ｃｙｃｌｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｍｉｄｅ，ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ａ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｓｔａｔｉｃ ｒａｔｅ ｏｆ ４５．０％，＋＋＋ ＷＢＣ ｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｕｍｏｒ ｗａｓ ５４．５％，ｔｈｅ ｓｅｒｕｍ ＳＯＤ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｗａｓ １４２ Ｎｕ／ｍｌ．Ｉｎ ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ ２ ａｎｄ ５，ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｄｉｆｆｅｒａｎｃｅ （Ｐ＜０．０５） ｉｎ ｂｏｔｈ ｔｉｓｓｕｅ ＷＢＣ ｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ＳＯＤ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ．Ｔｈｅｓｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ ｔｈａｔ ｈｉｇｈｄｏｓａｇｅ Ｇｅ１３２ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｃａｎ ｅｎｈａｎｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｌｌ ｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄ ｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｓｅｒｕｍ ＳＯＤ ｏｆ ｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔｅｄ ｈｅｐａｔｏｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａｂｅａｒｉｎｇ ｍｉｃｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ ａｎｔｉｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ．
Objective To study the transfection and expression of pleiotrophin (Ptn) gene in mice adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) so as to provide a new approach for the treatment of ischemic injury. Methods ADSCs from clean inbred C57BL/6W mice (weighing, 15-20 g) were isolated and cultured in vitro. The cell surface markers (CD29 and CD44) of ADSCs were identified by flow cytometry. The ADSCs were transfected with plasmid pIRES2-LEGFPN1 (containing Ptn gene coding sequence) as experimental group (group A) and with plasmid pLEGFP-N1 (containing GFP gene coding sequence) as control group (group B). After ADSCs were transfected by different plasmids respectively, the cells containing Ptn gene were selected by G418 (the best selected concentration was 200 μg/mL), and the immunophenotype of the cells was identified by flow cytometry after transfection. Meanwhile, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to analyse the expression levels of Ptn mRNA and PTN protein in selected cells. Results The mice ADSCs were isolated and cultured successfully in vitro. The positive rates of the cell surface markers CD29 and CD44 of ADSCs were 99.5% and 95.8%, respectively; the double positive rate of CD44 and CD29 was 93.6%. The positive rates of the cell surface markers CD29 and CD44 of ADSCs were 99.1% and 95.6%, respectively after transfection of Ptn gene; the double positive rate of CD44 and CD29 was 93.4%. The expression levels of Ptn gene and PTN protein in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion The ADSCs can be stablely transfected by Ptn gene, the transfected ADSCs can express PTN protein highly, which is a new idea for tissue engineering of vascular reconstruction.
Objective To establish a stable colorectal cancer model in liver specific insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 deficient (LID) mice and examine the potential relationship between IGF-1 level and risk of mice constitutional colorectal cancer. Methods ①Establishment of a colorectal cancer model: The LID mice, in which IGF-1 level in circulation was 25% of BALB/c mice. Induction of colorectal cancer was achieved by using the 1,1 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) with hypodermic injection at transverse part. ②Eighty fresh samples of cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were obtained from LID mice (experimental group) and BALB/c mice (control group). The expression of IGF-1 was studied by immunohistochemical assay (SP method). Results ①Weight loss occurred in both experimental group and control group after injection. Compared with the body weight before injection on 18 weeks and 24 weeks in each group, there were significant differences after injection at the same phase in each group (P＜0.05). ②The results of IGF-1 expression in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues: IGF-1 got a diffuse distribution in cancer cell cytoplasm. The positive expressions of IGF-1 in the cancer tissues and their adjacent cancer tissues were 6/7, 2/7 and 13/16, 7/16 respectively in experimental group and control group. There were significant differences between the cancer tissues and adjacent tissues inside both groups (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences inside both of cancer tissues and adjacent tissues respectively between experimental group and control group (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion In the established colorectal cancer model by DMH, IGF-1 plays an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
Objective To establish a modified mouse abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation model in order to increase the graft survival rate and reduce operative complications. Methods The heart was transplanted into the abdomen by anastomosing the donor ascending aorta and pulmonary artery to the recipient abdominal aorta and infrahepatic vena cava respectively. Hilar tissue was not alone ligated, meanwhile recipient lumbar vein was not ligated. Recipient abdominal aorta and infrahepatic vena cava were not isolated, but were liberated and obstructed simultaneously. Results Two hundred and twenty-nine formal transplantations were performed with the successful rate of 97.82% (224/229). The syngeneic graft survival time was more than 6 months. Complications: Aorta thrombus was found in 2 mice (0.87%), inferior vena cava thrombus in 1 mouse (0.44%), heart torsion in 4 mice (1.75%), hemorrhage in 4 mice (1.75%), crural paralysis in 2 mice (0.87%), intestinal obstruction in 1 mouse (0.44%), and no anesthetic accident happened. Conclusions The meliorated mouse abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation model is simple and reliable, which can reduce the operation time. Thus, the meliorated method provides a useful technique for immunologic transplantation research.
Objective To observe the expressions of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in muscle satell ite cells in situ of normal and cardiotoxin-intoxicated muscle tissues so as to further investigate the molecular mechanism involving inmuscle regeneration such as progressing muscular dystrophy (PMD) for seeking the way to cure muscle retrogression. Methods The muscle injured model of 12 C57 male mice was made by injecting cardiotoxin (5 μg per mouse) in left quadriceps femoris, their right quadriceps femoris was used as control without any injection. The histological, immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR were done to investigate the expression of CXCR4 in the quadriceps femoris in situ after 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. Results HE staining results demonstrated that the muscle tissues experienced the process from muscle injury, repair to regeneration. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of CXCR4 in injured muscle tissue were 1 955.6 ± 150.3, 2 223.2 ± 264.3, 2 317.6 ± 178.7, 3 066.5 ± 269.6, 1 770.9 ± 98.7 and 1 505.7 ± 107.1 at 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after injection of cardiotoxin, there was significant difference when compared with normal muscle (640.3 ± 124.0, P lt; 0.001). The RT-PCR showed that the expressions of CXCR4 mRNA in injured muscle tissue were0.822 ± 0.013, 0.882 ± 0.025, 1.025 ± 0.028, 1.065 ± 0.041, 0.837 ± 0.011 and 0.777 ± 0.015 at 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after injection of cardiotoxin, there was significant difference when compared with normal muscle (0.349 ± 0.006, P lt; 0.001). Conclusion CXCR4 may be the critical protein in the process of muscle impairment and reparation.
Objective To construct and verify a genetically engineered mouse model which is similar to clinical sporadic colorectal cancer and simultaneously expresses KrasLSL-G12D/- and Smad4loxp/loxp genes. Methods The Krastm4Tyj/J mouse and Smad4tm2.1Cxd/J mouse were transformed into the genetic background, and the genotypes of the offspring mice were identified by the PCR to obtain the mice expressed simultaneously KrasLSL-G12D/- and Smad4loxp/loxp genes. The LentivirusCre-IRES-Luciferase was injected into the submucosa of the model mice and the tumorigenicity was observed under the IVIS system. The tumor tissues of the model mice were sampled and the HE staining was used to verify the tumorigenicity of the model mice. Results The genetically engineered mouse model which could simultaneously express KrasLSL-G12D/- and Smad4loxp/loxp genes was obtained by the breeding and selection. The mouse intestinal epithelial cell carcinogenesis was successfully induced by the viral vector containing Cre recombinase. Conclusion Mouse model expressed simultaneously KrasLSL-G12D/- and Smad4loxp/loxp genes is capable of sporadic tumorigenicity by Cre recombinase and could simulate pathological process of human sporadic colorectal cancer.
Objective The immunogenicity of tissue engineered skins is still vague, though it has been appl ied cl inically for several years. To observe the evidence of immunologic rejection of tissue engineered skins transplanted to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, which are implanted human splenic lymphocytes to construct human immunesystem. Methods Tissue engineered skins and acellular dermic matrix were constructed in vitro. Twenty SCID mice, aging4-6 weeks and weighing 16-17 g, were randomly divided into four groups equally (n=5). The tissue engineered skins, human foreskins from circumcision and acellular dermic matrix were transplanted to groups A, B, and C, respectively; group D was used as a control. After 2 weeks of transplanting, 3 × 107 human splenic lymphocytes were injected into every SCID mouse intraperitoneally. After 4 weeks, the morphology, histology, immunohistochemistry and human IgG immunofluorescence were used to observe immunologic rejection. Results Group A showed that transplanted tissue engineered skins had the bilayer structure of dermis and epidermis, which was similar to the normal human skin structure. Group B showed that the transplanted human foreskins still retained normal structure of human skin. Group C showed that acellular dermic matrix were located in situ and had no sign of degradation. After injecting human splenic lymphocytes into the SCID mice, no inflammatory cells infil itration were observed basically in groups A, C, and D; the inflammatory cells infil itration of group B were significantly higher than that of other 3 groups (P lt; 0.05). The results of anti human keratin 14 monoclonal antibody (mAb) staining and anti human type IV collagen mAb staining were positive in group A; no positive cells for CD3, CD4, and CD8 were observed in groups A, C, and D; and many positive cells for CD3, CD4, and CD8 were observed in group B. The results of IgG immunofluorescence staining was negative in group A, C, and D, and positive in the great vessel wells of group B. Conclusion The immunogenicity of tissue engineered skins is very weak, and tissue engineered skins would not be rejected by host immune system after transplantation.
Objective To investigate how to establish stable mice cervical heart transplantation model. Methods Totally, 40 male C57 mice with the age of 6-8 weeks and weight of 19-24 g were randomly divided into recipients and donors (n=20 in each group). Mice cervical heart transplantation model was established by connecting the ascending aorta of donors to the right cervical common artery of recipients through end to side anastmosis and the pulmonary artery of donors to the right external jugular vein of recipients through end to end anastmosis. Results More than 95% recipients survived after surgery. Cold ischemia time was 15±5 min, warm ischemia time 23±6 min, and the whole operation took about 55±15 min. The recipients survived more than 30 d with functional heart grafts. Histologically, there was no difference between the heart graft one month after the transplantion and the normal heart. Conclusion Cervical heart transplantation of mice model is reliable and feasible, which is easy to monitor the survival condition of heart graft by visual examination and palpation, which will benefit the basic research in transplantation field.
Objective To explore the paracrine effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on dexamethasone-induced inhibition of osteoblast function in vitro. Methods The serum free conditioned medium of mouse BMSCs cultured for 24 hours was prepared for spare use. The 3rd passage of MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into 4 groups: the control group (group A), dexamethasone group (group B), dexamethasone+BMSCs conditioned medium (1:1) group (group C), and BMSCs conditioned medium group (group D). After 24 hours of culture, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was determined; the protein expressions of RUNX2 and Osteocalcin were detected by Western blot; and the gene expressions of collagen type I-α 1 (COL1A1), RUNX2, ALP, and Osteocalcin were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR); alizarin red staining was used to observe calcium nodules formation at 21 days. Results After cultured for 24 hours, ALP content was significantly lower in groups B, C, and D than group A, and in group B than groups C and D (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between groups C and D (P > 0.05). The relative protein expression of RUNX2 of group B was significantly lower than that of groups A, C, and D (P < 0.05), but difference was not significant between groups A, C, and D (P > 0.05). The relative protein expression of Osteocalcin was significantly lower in group B than groups A, C, and D, in groups A and C than group D (P < 0.05), but difference had no significance between groups A and C (P > 0.05). The relative gene expressions of RUNX2, Osteocalcin, COL1A1, and ALP of groups B, C, and D were significantly lower than those of group A (P < 0.05); the relative gene expressions of RUNX2, Osteocalcin, and ALP were significantly higher in group D than groups B and C, in group C than group B (P < 0.05). The gene expression of COL1A1 was significantly higher in group D than group B (P < 0.05), but difference was not significant between groups B and C, and between groups C and D (P > 0.05). The cells of group A all died at 6 days after culture; at 21 days, the calcium no dule staining was positive by alizarin red in groups B, C and D, and the degree of the staining gradually increased from groups B to D. Conclusion BMSCs conditioned medium can alleviate the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on osteoblasts function.
ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on osteoclasts formation and its bone resorption function.MethodsBone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were extracted from the marrow of femur and tibia of 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Flow cytometry was used to detect BMMs. The effect of different concentrations of LPS (0, 100, 200, 500, 1 000, 2 000 ng/mL) on BMMs activity was examined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) activity test. In order to investigate the effect of LPS on osteoclastogenesis, BMMs were divided into macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) group, M-CSF+receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) group, M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group, M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group. After the completion of culture, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe the formation of osteoclasts. In order to investigate the effect of LPS on the expression of Connexin43, BMMs were divided into the control group (M-CSF+RANKL) and the LPS group (M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS); and the control group (M-CSF+RANKL), 50 ng/mL LPS group (M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS), and 100 ng/mL LPS group (M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS). The expressions of Connexin43 mRNA and protein were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. In order to investigate the effect of LPS on osteoclast bone resorption, BMMs were divided into M-CSF group, M-CSF+RANKL group, M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group, and M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group. Bone absorption test was used to detect the ratio of bone resorption area.ResultsThe flow cytometry test confirmed that the cultured cells were BMMs, and CCK-8 activity test proved that the 100 ng/mL LPS could promote the proliferation of BMMs, showing significant differences when compared with the 0, 200, 500, 1 000, and 2 000 ng/mL LPS (P<0.05). TRAP staining showed no osteoclast formation in M-CSF group. Compared with M-CSF+RANKL group, the osteoclasts in M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group and M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group were larger with more nuclei, while the osteoclasts in M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group were more obvious, and the differences in the ratio of osteoclast area between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Western blot result showed that the relative expression of Connexin43 protein in LPS group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression of Connexin43 mRNA in control group, 50 ng/mL LPS group, and 100 ng/mL LPS group increased gradually, and the differences between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Bone resorption test showed that osteoclast bone resorption did not form in M-CSF group, but the ratio of bone resorption area increased gradually in M-CSF+RANKL group, M-CSF+RANKL+50 ng/mL LPS group, and M-CSF+RANKL+100 ng/mL LPS group, and the differences between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionLPS at concentration of 100 ng/mL can promote the expression of Connexin43, resulting in increased osteoclastogenesis and enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption.